Info
Warning
Danger

Study Resources (Ethics)

5773 Materials
2455 Students Benefited

61.  Using social workers to find out about behaviors of

61.  Using social workers to find out about behaviors of people who use their services relies on a.  probability sampling. b.  snowball sampling. c.  targeted sampling. d.  key informant sampling. 62.  When researchers try to contact members of hidden populations by finding out where such people congregate, the sampling technique they are using is a.  key.
Homework Answers
70 Views

61.  Using social workers to find out about behaviors of
Homework Answers
View Answer

11.  When investigators study changes in different ethnic and racial

11.  When investigators study changes in different ethnic and racial groups across several decades by using Census information in the United States, a.  there are problems interpreting the data because criteria for inclusion in racial categories have changed several times over the past century. b.  the data are usually highly reliable people.
Homework Answers
121 Views

11.  When investigators study changes in different ethnic and racial
Homework Answers
View Answer

31.  In observational research, using a small number of long

31.  In observational research, using a small number of long observation times rather multiple, short intervals is called a.  cluster sampling. b.  one/zero sampling. c.  time-point sampling. d.  time-interval sampling. 32.  In naturalistic observation, the practice of dichotomous recording whether a behavior occurs or not constitutes a.  cluster sampling. b.  one/zero sampling. c.  continuous real-time sampling. d.  time-interval sampling 33. .
Homework Answers
70 Views

31.  In observational research, using a small number of long
Homework Answers
View Answer

5.  Why your sampling frame important with respect to your

5.  Why is your sampling frame important with respect to your ability to generalize your results beyond your sample? 6.  Why do open-ended questions provide more information to survey researchers than closed-ended questions?  What drawbacks are associated with open-ended questions? 7.  When you ask people how often they have engaged in a.
Homework Answers
69 Views

5.  Why your sampling frame important with respect to your
Homework Answers
View Answer

14.  What threats to internal validity reduced when you switch

14.  What threats to internal validity are reduced when you switch from a one group pretest-posttest to a static comparison group design?  What potential threat is introduced? 15.  What are the advantages of the interrupted time-series design and the replicated time-series design over other quasi-experimental designs? 16.  How do the interrupted time-series.
Homework Answers
73 Views

14.  What threats to internal validity reduced when you switch
Homework Answers
View Answer

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   Double-starred items appear as Review Questions in the

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   Double-starred items appear as Review Questions in the chapter 1.  Data collection that involves every member of the population of interest is called a a.  sampling frame. b.  survey. c.  census. d.  targeted survey. 2.  Psychologists typically do not use a census in their research because a.  a census often leads to telescoping of responses. b. .
Homework Answers
72 Views

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   Double-starred items appear as Review Questions in the
Homework Answers
View Answer

  ESSAY ITEMS (Starred Questions appear in the text as study questions.) Understanding

  ESSAY ITEMS (Starred Questions appear in the text as study questions.) Understanding Different Perspectives 1.  Why do we need to take culture and individual differences into account when we try to understand people’s behaviors? 2.  Why is it so hard to distinguish among the effects of culture, race, and ethnicity in our research? 3.  Describe.
Homework Answers
107 Views

  ESSAY ITEMS (Starred Questions appear in the text as study questions.) Understanding
Homework Answers
View Answer

12.  Describe the way applied and theoretical research oriented in

12.  Describe the way applied and theoretical research is oriented in the experimental analysis of behavior. 13.  Why would synesthesia be best studied in a single-case approach?  Also, why would a group study be inappropriate if a researcher actually had access to a large number of synesthetes? 14.  Why would an ABA.
Homework Answers
116 Views

12.  Describe the way applied and theoretical research oriented in
Homework Answers
View Answer

  12.  What some difficulties that scientists have had in categorizing

  12.  What are some difficulties that scientists have had in categorizing people by race and in defining race? 13.  What role as the U.S. government had in the determination of races?  Why can this be important in scientific research? 14.  What problems regarding culture and diversity beset research in the social and.
Homework Answers
112 Views

  12.  What some difficulties that scientists have had in categorizing
Homework Answers
View Answer

11. Researchers have found that, when randomly sampled over time,

11. Researchers have found that, when randomly sampled over time, 28% of middle and high school students had thoughts of suicide. This long-term study is an example of a a. panel study. b. cohort study. c. cohort-sequential study. d. trend study 12. If you sampled residents of a neighborhood randomly over a period of years.
Homework Answers
112 Views

11. Researchers have found that, when randomly sampled over time,
Homework Answers
View Answer

41.  People sometimes take the easy way out by responding

41.  People sometimes take the easy way out by responding “yes” or agreeing with a question.  Such behavior is called a.  impression management. b.  self-deception positivity. c.  optimizing d.  acquiescence. 42.  Research on acquiescence has revealed that a common reason that people engage in it is because a.  they view the surveyor as being of higher.
Homework Answers
65 Views

41.  People sometimes take the easy way out by responding
Homework Answers
View Answer

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   1.  The approach to research in which investigators

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   1.  The approach to research in which investigators record behavior exactly as it occurs, attempting to avoid interpretation, is called a.  subject reactivity. b.  observational research. c.  anthropomorphic research. d.  quasi-experimental. 2.  The study of the behavior of human and nonhuman animals in the natural environment, without any manipulation of variables, is called a. .
Homework Answers
74 Views

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   1.  The approach to research in which investigators
Homework Answers
View Answer

41.  If a person completing a psychological inventory, but continues

41.  If a person is completing a psychological inventory, but continues to misinterpret questions and respond in ways the psychologist isn’t prepared for, there will be an issue of a.  the interpretation paradox. b.  hypothetical constructs. c.  relativism. d.  construct validity. 42.  In order to make sure that test questions have the same meaning in.
Homework Answers
120 Views

41.  If a person completing a psychological inventory, but continues
Homework Answers
View Answer

21.  One of the difficulties surveying people about rare events

21.  One of the difficulties surveying people about rare events is that a.  those events are likely to involve sensitive issues that people are reluctant to discuss. b. a small increase in the rate of false positives leads to a very large, inaccurate estimate when generalized to the population. c.  people have very.
Homework Answers
73 Views

21.  One of the difficulties surveying people about rare events
Homework Answers
View Answer

21.  If a researcher monitored how long a person kept

21.  If a researcher monitored how long a person kept smiling or laughing after seeing a person slip on a banana peel, the data collection would involve a.  time-point sampling. b.  time-interval sampling. c.  continuous real-time sampling. d.  cluster sampling. 22.  When a researcher randomly selects a set of times and observes whether a behavior.
Homework Answers
68 Views

21.  If a researcher monitored how long a person kept
Homework Answers
View Answer

5.  What crucial decisions associated with sampling in observational research? 6.   

5.  What crucial decisions are associated with sampling in observational research? 6.    What are the advantages of using video recording for observational research?  Why are there still going to be uncertainties in what you record? 7.  Differentiate among continuous real time measurement, time-point sampling, and time-interval sampling. 8.  Why might a researcher decide.
Homework Answers
131 Views

5.  What crucial decisions associated with sampling in observational research? 6.   
Homework Answers
View Answer

21.  A study that relies participants’ memories of what already

21.  A study that relies on participants’ memories of what already happened is called a a.  longitudinal study. b.  cohort study. c.  retrospective study. d.  panel study. 22.  If you asked research participants now how they responded to a traumatic event in the past, you would need to use a a.  longitudinal design. b.  cohort design. c.  cross-sectional.
Homework Answers
141 Views

21.  A study that relies participants’ memories of what already
Homework Answers
View Answer

6.  What three factors affect the size of the correlation

6.  What three factors affect the size of the correlation coefficient? 7.  How do directionality and the third variable problem hamper our assessment of causation? 8.  What is the difference between the Pearson r, the Spearman correlation for ranks, and the phi coefficient?  How are they similar? 9.  When Gutierrez, Osman, Kopper, Barrios,.
Homework Answers
72 Views

6.  What three factors affect the size of the correlation
Homework Answers
View Answer

  18.  Describe the time-series design and the results in the

  18.  Describe the time-series design and the results in the Cable TV smoking cessation research.  How did the researchers gauge its effectiveness? 19.  Describe the replicated interrupted time-series design that assessed the effectiveness of New York’s bottle return law.  Why can we use it to form a tentative causal link between.
Homework Answers
66 Views

  18.  Describe the time-series design and the results in the
Homework Answers
View Answer

  ESSAY ITEMS (Starred items appear in the chapter as Discussion Questions) 1. 

  ESSAY ITEMS (Starred items appear in the chapter as Discussion Questions) 1.  Why is focused observation necessary for scientific observation but not necessarily for casual observation? 2.  Identify the advantages of conducting on-site observations of children in schools when those children have behavior problems. 3.  Why do psychologists study animal behavior? 4.  Identify the five.
Homework Answers
113 Views

  ESSAY ITEMS (Starred items appear in the chapter as Discussion Questions) 1. 
Homework Answers
View Answer

51. One of potential problems in encouraging survey respondents to

51. One of potential problems in encouraging survey respondents to optimize their answers is that a. after optimizing for several answers, respondents get into the habit of acquiescing. b. people may try to provide more detail than they can give accurately, so they introduce errors into their answers. c. people often confuse optimizing.
Homework Answers
73 Views

51. One of potential problems in encouraging survey respondents to
Homework Answers
View Answer

11. In cultures that value relationships, people tend to show

11. In cultures that value relationships, people tend to show _____ in their responses to survey items. a. acquiescence b. satisficing c. optimizing d. nondifferentiation 12. The tendency to give the same rating on a survey to different questions, regardless of the content of the questions, is known as a. acquiescence. b. nondifferentiation. c. satisficing. d. impression management. 13.  A.
Homework Answers
72 Views

11. In cultures that value relationships, people tend to show
Homework Answers
View Answer

5.  Distinguish among absolutism, relativism, and universalism in explanations of

5.  Distinguish among absolutism, relativism, and universalism in explanations of behaviors.  How are most psychologists likely to regard each of these three positions? 6.  Describe how the definitions of race as used over the years in the United States reveal cultural viewpoints rather than fixed biological characteristics. 7.  Describe how culture can.
Homework Answers
110 Views

5.  Distinguish among absolutism, relativism, and universalism in explanations of
Homework Answers
View Answer

10.  What the four threats to internal validity that associated

10.  What are the four threats to internal validity that are associated with participants? 11.  What are the three threats to internal validity associated with measurement? 12.  How did Goldenberg et al. (1999) combine experimental and quasi-experimental designs in their research, generating the conclusion that neurotic people relate sex and death? 13.  Describe.
Homework Answers
77 Views

10.  What the four threats to internal validity that associated
Homework Answers
View Answer

  ESSAY ITEMS (Starred questions appear in the text as study questions.) 1. 

  ESSAY ITEMS (Starred questions appear in the text as study questions.) 1.  Why is it often unnecessary to conduct a census to find out about an entire population?  Why would it be impractical? 2.  Even though the U.S. census involves scientific survey methodology, it is still affected by politics.  Explain how politics is.
Homework Answers
70 Views

  ESSAY ITEMS (Starred questions appear in the text as study questions.) 1. 
Homework Answers
View Answer

  9.  Researchers cannot observe behaviors of interest continuously because it

  9.  Researchers cannot observe behaviors of interest continuously because it would be too costly.  As a result, they create blocks of time to study the behaviors and hope that the behavior in those blocks presents an accurate picture of what happens during non-observation times.  Researchers have investigated optimal ways of.
Homework Answers
115 Views

  9.  Researchers cannot observe behaviors of interest continuously because it
Homework Answers
View Answer

41.  Kellett and Beall (1997) were treating a woman with

41.  Kellett and Beall (1997) were treating a woman with suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after an automobile accident.  They obtained baseline measurements on frequency of nightmares, intensity of nightmares, and time to recover from a nightmare.  They treated the woman, then obtained measurements of the same variables.  This.
Homework Answers
130 Views

41.  Kellett and Beall (1997) were treating a woman with
Homework Answers
View Answer

ESSAY ITEMS (Starred items appear in the chapter as Discussion Questions) 1. 

ESSAY ITEMS (Starred items appear in the chapter as Discussion Questions) 1.  Identify the four sources of difference that developmental psychologists research as the source of psychological change. 2.  What are the advantages of longitudinal designs and cross-sectional designs? 3.  What is statistical regression and why can it be a problem in longitudinal research? .
Homework Answers
115 Views

ESSAY ITEMS (Starred items appear in the chapter as Discussion Questions) 1. 
Homework Answers
View Answer

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   1.  Cohen and Gunz (2002) have investigated how

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   1.  Cohen and Gunz (2002) have investigated how people from different cultures remember events in their lives.  These researchers found that a.  people from Asia seldom remembered events from their perspective of their own role in the event. b.  people from Asia remembered events in the first person (“I did.
Homework Answers
114 Views

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   1.  Cohen and Gunz (2002) have investigated how
Homework Answers
View Answer

8.  In the Bond, Carlin, Thomas, Rubin and Patton (2001)

8.  In the Bond, Carlin, Thomas, Rubin and Patton (2001) study on bullying in schools and depression, why could attrition have influenced their results? 9.  Why would the reasons for attrition rates be different for children and for adults? 10.  What steps did Wutzke, Congirave, Kogler, Saunders, and Hall (2000) take in.
Homework Answers
124 Views

8.  In the Bond, Carlin, Thomas, Rubin and Patton (2001)
Homework Answers
View Answer

9.  Why culture, race, and ethnicity hypothetical constructs?  In what

9.  Why are culture, race, and ethnicity hypothetical constructs?  In what sense are they useful and in what sense are they limited? 10.  Identify two reasons why the concept of race is not useful in understanding behavior? a.  People within a given racial category differ greatly from one another; there is more.
Homework Answers
161 Views

9.  Why culture, race, and ethnicity hypothetical constructs?  In what
Homework Answers
View Answer

18.  Chen (2008) has identified four major issues associated with

18.  Chen (2008) has identified four major issues associated with testing people from different cultures. They are (a) translation, (b) construct invariance, (c) response styles, and (d) social desirability. How do each of these issues relate to such research? 19.  How do stereotypes affect behaviors? 20.  Many psychologists now believe that the.
Homework Answers
111 Views

18.  Chen (2008) has identified four major issues associated with
Homework Answers
View Answer

11.  How can researchers maximize the likelihood of getting good

11.  How can researchers maximize the likelihood of getting good answers to sensitive questions? 12.  Identify two ways respondents positive images so that they look good as they respond to survey questions. 13.  Identify four reasons that difficult questions can lead to satisficing? 14.  Identify six ways you minimize the likelihood that satisficing.
Homework Answers
75 Views

11.  How can researchers maximize the likelihood of getting good
Homework Answers
View Answer

31.  In Lewis Terman’s 9-decade longitudinal study, there was a

31.  In Lewis Terman’s 9-decade longitudinal study, there was a high level of attrition a.  right after Terman died and the personal contact between him and participants was lost. b.  when the female participants married and move away with their spouses. c.  among male participants after their college years. d.  as the participants became.
Homework Answers
105 Views

31.  In Lewis Terman’s 9-decade longitudinal study, there was a
Homework Answers
View Answer

12.  Why would there be ethical issues of risk associated

12.  Why would there be ethical issues of risk associated with a researcher becoming part of a group without telling group members that they were being studied? 13.  Jacob, Tennenbaum, Seilhamer, Bargiel, and Sharon (1994) studied two types of families, distress and nondistressed.  The researchers tape recorded interactions among family members. .
Homework Answers
110 Views

12.  Why would there be ethical issues of risk associated
Homework Answers
View Answer

31.  When people show certain patterns in responding to survey

31.  When people show certain patterns in responding to survey questions, like tending to give low ratings regardless of question content, they are showing a.  satisficing. b.  optimizing. c.  response bias. d.  impression management. 32.  When respondents give the same or nearly the same value in a rating task regardless of the question, they are.
Homework Answers
74 Views

31.  When people show certain patterns in responding to survey
Homework Answers
View Answer

31.  According to psychologist Stanley Sue (1999) cultural research sometimes

31.  According to psychologist Stanley Sue (1999) cultural research is sometimes limited because a.  it is difficult for researchers to distinguish between etics and emics. b.  many investigators may have difficulty finding participants from different cultural groups. c.  using students of different cultural groups has been shown to lead to invalid results. d.  the.
Homework Answers
113 Views

31.  According to psychologist Stanley Sue (1999) cultural research sometimes
Homework Answers
View Answer

31.  A synonym for bivariate correlations is a.  test of association. b. 

31.  A synonym for bivariate correlations is a.  test of association. b.  path analysis. c.  zero order correlation. d.  scatter diagram. 32.  When you try to predict the value of an outcome variable from several variables, you are likely to be using a.  multiple regression. b.  the Pearson product-moment correlation. c.  the analysis of variance. d.  heterogeneous subgroups. 33.  Psychologists.
Homework Answers
67 Views

31.  A synonym for bivariate correlations is a.  test of association. b. 
Homework Answers
View Answer

41.  When experimentalists develop a cover story to keep participants

41.  When experimentalists develop a cover story to keep participants from figuring out the purpose of an experiment and changing their behaviors as a result, the experimenters are responding to what observational researchers call a.  observational drift. b.  subject reactivity. c.  observer bias. d.  behavioral drift. 42.  Observational researchers Jacob et al. (1994) have suggested.
Homework Answers
74 Views

41.  When experimentalists develop a cover story to keep participants
Homework Answers
View Answer

11.  One limitation to naturalistic observation that a.  investigators need to

11.  One limitation to naturalistic observation is that a.  investigators need to manipulate a large number of variables to get a good understanding of the behaviors of interest. b.  investigators cannot always tell which factor in the environment is causing behaviors to occur. c.  the research environment is usually too simplified for researchers.
Homework Answers
71 Views

11.  One limitation to naturalistic observation that a.  investigators need to
Homework Answers
View Answer

11.  If a psychologist developed a test to estimate the

11.  If a psychologist developed a test to estimate the extent to which a person would experience post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after experiencing a stressful situation, the score on that test would constitute a a.  confirmatory variable. b.  measured variable. c.  predictor variable. d.  criterion variable. 12.  A researcher might decide to compute correlations.
Homework Answers
74 Views

11.  If a psychologist developed a test to estimate the
Homework Answers
View Answer

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   1. It difficult to identify environmental causes of

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   1. It is difficult to identify environmental causes of change over time in longitudinal studies because a. it is virtually impossible to identify all possible causes of change. b. longitudinal research tends to be experimental rather than descriptive. c. genetic factors cause almost all change over time. d. the interplay of genes.
Homework Answers
112 Views

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   1. It difficult to identify environmental causes of
Homework Answers
View Answer

  ESSAY ITEMS (Starred questions appear in the text as study questions.) 1. 

  ESSAY ITEMS (Starred questions appear in the text as study questions.) 1.  What is the difference between a relationship study and a prediction study?  Which one is likely to be more preliminary?  Why? 2.  Using scientific arguments, explain why we should not rely on SAT scores alone in making decisions about college admissions. 3. .
Homework Answers
67 Views

  ESSAY ITEMS (Starred questions appear in the text as study questions.) 1. 
Homework Answers
View Answer

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   1.  Research that involves identifying relationships among variables

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   1.  Research that involves identifying relationships among variables but not causation is known as a.  correlational research. b.  experimental research. c.  descriptive research. d.  case study research. 2.  When Guthrie, Ash, and Bendaudi (1995) investigated whether students’ grades and their tendency to be morning or evening people are associated, these investigators conducted a.  a.
Homework Answers
74 Views

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS   1.  Research that involves identifying relationships among variables
Homework Answers
View Answer

21.  The idea that, in discussion of culture, behavioral phenomena

21.  The idea that, in discussion of culture, behavioral phenomena can be understood only within the culture in which they occur relates to a.  the interpretation paradox. b.  relativism. c.  etics. d.  back translation. 22.  The concept that internal, psychological processes may be universal but that they are expressed differently across cultures is associated with a. .
Homework Answers
112 Views

21.  The idea that, in discussion of culture, behavioral phenomena
Homework Answers
View Answer

  15.  Although it difficult to define culture and ethnicity and

  15.  Although it is difficult to define culture and ethnicity and to spot reliable differences in behavior across them, why should we study them and their relation to behavior? 16.  Why is content validity a critical concept to consider in conducting research on tests administered by mental health workers when working.
Homework Answers
106 Views

  15.  Although it difficult to define culture and ethnicity and
Homework Answers
View Answer

Welcome Back!

ScholarOn has more then 20 Million answers, flashcards & more being added everyday!

or
Forgot?
Login
Don't have an account? Signup

Join ScholarOn

ScholarOn has more then 20 Million answers, flashcards & more being added everyday!

or
Signup
By registering, I agree to the Terms and Privacy Policies
Already have an account? Log in

Verify Your Email

Check your inbox & click on the link to activate your account.

Resend Email
Verification Mail Send Successfully. Please Check Your Email.

Forgot Password

Please enter your registered email to recieve the password reset link.

Send reset link
Already have an account? Log in

Unlimited Access

Sign Up & Get Access to

You have Unlimited access for 1 month. Enjoy!

2,048,528+
Solved Answers
301,100+
Textbook Solutions
6,580,000
FlashcardsFree
Homework Help
10% OFF on Future Homeworks
Writing Help
10% OFF on All Assignments
Sign Up
Did you know?

ScholarOn has more than 2 Million+ answers, textbook solutions & flashcards. Explore Now!

Let us boost your grade together!