Criminal Justice Expert Answers & Study Resources

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which is NOT one of the three claims a defendant must assert when making an excuse defense? A) The action was involuntary. B) The action was a result of the need to protect oneself through self-defense. C) The.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which defense results in a defendant's acquittal due to reasonable doubt in the mind of the jury? A) De minimus infraction defense. B) Justification defense. C) Failure of proof defense. D) Excuse defense. 2) With ________ defenses, the defendant accepts.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Common law larceny consisted of four distinct elements. Which is NOT one of the elements? A) Of the Personal Property of Another. B) The Trespassory Taking. C) With Intent to Permanently Deprive the Owner/Professor of the Property. D) Of.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which is NOT a primary inchoate crime? A) Solicitation. B) Attempt. C) Scheme. D) Conspiracy. 2) Which element of attempt to commit a crime shows mens rea? A) Intent to Commit a Crime. B) Apparent Possibility of Commission of a Crime. C) Failure.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 23) The part of law that defines specific crimes is the general part of the criminal law. 24) Conduct crimes require actual harm. 25) Result crimes require actual harm. 26) There cannot be a crime without some action or.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 41) The Combat ________ Epidemic Act Federal legislation primarily restricts access to precursor chemicals, particularly ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine. 42) Marijuana is a Schedule ________ drug. 43) Consanguineous relationships can produce ________ offspring, which is one of.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 20) Accomplice liability is generally limited to felonies. 21) Under common law, all felons were subject to the death penalty. 22) An accessory is typically a participant in a crime before it is committed. 23) An accomplice is typically.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 21) Inchoate crimes are offenses in themselves. 22) There is no crime of attempt that is not linked to some other substantive crime. 23) One can be guilty of both attempt and the completed crime. 24) There is one.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The Foreign Relations Authorization Act defines it in terms of four main characteristics. Which is NOT one of these characteristics? A) Premeditation. B) Violence. C) Political Motivation. D) Committed against Combatants. 2) Criminologist Gwynn Nettler proposes a definition of terrorism.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following refers to the process of release preparation that begins within the institution and continues in the community? A) Restitution. B) Reentry. C) Early release. D) Transitioning. 2) There are three broad categories of challenges that prisoners.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 27) Because persons engaging in criminal activity are also more likely to engage in behavior placing them at risk for HIV and other communicable diseases, a disproportionate number of HIV-positive persons are in correctional facilities. 28) The.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 41) A writ of habeas corpus directs a person (a warden, for example) to show the ________ of the detention. 42) The legal theory arguing that all provisions of the Bill of Rights are made applicable.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 22) African Americans were 10-12% of the total U.S. population during the twentieth century, but were 54% of persons executed in mid-twentieth century. 23) People who have been personally and directly involved in executing someone have been.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 31) It is easy for the criminal law to "keep up" with technology. 32) Crimes committed without the assistance of computers usually have clear jurisdictional boundaries. 33) If a state is the victim, then a state prosecution will.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 31) Advocating the violent overthrow of the U.S. government is known as espionage. 32) Espionage is a death penalty-eligible offense. 33) There is no federal criminal syndicalism statute. 34) It is not criminal, under federal law, to target certain.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) This is defined as "a state of being an accomplice." A) Accomplice. B) Vicarious. C) Accessory. D) Complicity. 2) A(n) ________ is one who knowingly, voluntarily and with common intent unites with the principal offender in the commission of a.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 41) About 33% of male inmates participate in ________ training programs at some point in their sentence, but only 4% of women prisoners complete such programs while incarcerated. 42) A(n) ________ center is a minimum-security prison-based.

MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match the concepts of Chapter 6 with their definitions. 45) Complicity 46) Accomplice 47) Derivative Liability 48) Accessory 49) Natural and Probable Cause Doctrine 50) Vicarious Liability 51) Corporate Vicarious Liability A) Liability of a corporation for the actions of its agents and employees. B).

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 22) The first juvenile court appeared in 1899 in Boston, Massachusetts. 23) The juvenile court equivalent to being a convicted offender in adult court is being adjudicated delinquent. 24) In addition to hearing cases about juveniles committing an.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Two primary federal sources of prisoners' rights are the A) Declaration of Independence and Bill of Rights. B) U.S. Constitution and Declaration of Independence. C) U.S. Constitution and Civil Rights Act. D) Bill of Rights and Magna Carta. 2) Which.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The offense of ________ is the most serious of property offenses. A) Burglary. B) Arson. C) Vandalism. D) Criminal Mischief. 2) In New York, a person is guilty of arson in the ________ when he intentionally damages a building or.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Crimes that are complete when the criminal act and criminal intent concur are known as: A) Conduct Crimes. B) Harmful Crimes. C) Result Crimes. D) Tort. 2) The doctrines of legality and lenity fit within the ________ part of the.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The U.S. Constitution divides governmental authority into three branches. Which one is NOT a branch of the U.S. government? A) Legislative. B) Judicial. C) Jurisdictive. D) Executive. 2) A system of government where power is constitutionally divided between a central.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) During the nineteenth century, the ________ worked to have long-term punishment as a humanitarian alternative to the death penalty. A) Pennsylvania Quakers B) Pennsylvania Utilitarians C) New England Lutherans D) Maine Pilgrims 2) In the period from 1930 to 1976.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Purpose or mission statements of correctional institutions vary widely, but one philosophy that is first and foremost around the country is that the corrections system A) fulfills a public safety function. B) has an obligation to tax.

MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match each vocabulary term from Chapter 3 with its definition. 48) Conduct Crimes 49) Result Crimes 50) Actus Reus 51) Mens Rea 52) Causation 53) Mistake of Law A) The requirement that the defendant is responsible for the harm in result crimes. B) The.

MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match each term related to separation of powers with its definition. 50) Federalism 51) Confederation 52) Principle of Legality 53) Principle of Lenity A) A system of government where power is constitutionally divided between a central governing body and various constituent.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 29) Excuse defenses are those in which the offender accepts responsibility but argues that the commission of a crime was appropriate under the circumstances. 30) If a man, by the terror of present death, be compelled to.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 24) Without the criminal law, there would be no crimes, no criminals, and perhaps no means of controlling undesirable behavior. 25) Criminal law treats crimes as offenses against individuals not society. 26) Our system of criminal law is.

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 21) Most parolees leave parole as a result of A) absconding. B) revocation. C) transfer to other jurisdictions. D) successful discharge. TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 22) The process of release preparation that begins.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 2) Which of the following best defines the concept of parens patriae? A) The state must hold parents responsible for the misbehavior of their children. B) The state is the ultimate parent of all minors and therefore has.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 31) Some states do not distinguish between assault and battery. 32) The mens rea of threatened battery assault is the intention to cause another person to fear imminent battery. 33) The crime of harassment typically includes an element.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 21) There are states which prohibit anal, oral, or homosexual sex. 22) Offenses against public order can be committed by both individuals and groups. 23) A riot is a group of people publicly gathering unlawfully or for an.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 47) A(n) ________ defense is raised in cases when the defendant argues that she chose between the lesser of two evils. 48) The defense of ________ is generally not a defense to intentional killing. 49) If a.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which is the most prevalent illegal drug in the United States today? A) Marijuana. B) Cocaine. C) Heroin. D) Methamphetamine. 2) Which states have voted to legalize marijuana for recreational use? A) California and Kansas. B) California and Colorado. C) Washington and Colorado. D).

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The killing of a human being by another human being is known as: A) Manslaughter. B) Homicide. C) Feticide. D) Murder. 2) Causing the death of a fetus is known as: A) Homicide. B) Murder. C) Feticide. D) Manslaughter. 3) Which state defines a human.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 26) When considering recidivism reduction, the type and duration of treatment is less important than the probation supervision itself. 27) For the most effective use of money spent, higher-risk offenders should receive shorter treatment doses and less.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 21) In a criminal trial, the prosecution bears the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the crime. 22) Defendants are required to present evidence at trial. 23) A failure of proof defense always.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 21) Murder is the killing of a human being by another human being. 22) Some states treat viable fetuses as human beings. 23) The common law stated if someone's heart stopped beating, that person was no longer considered.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 31) Forgery is passing a forged document to another with the intent to defraud. 32) Many states have opted to criminalize forgery and uttering via a single statute. 33) The actus reus for forgery is intent to defraud. 34).

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which offense is NOT considered a vice crime? A) Prostitution. B) Vagrancy. C) Obscenity. D) Gambling. 2) Which is NOT a crime against decency and morality? A) Incest. B) Polygamy. C) Indecent Exposure. D) Pornography. 3) A group of people publicly gathering unlawfully for an.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 25) Indirect protections are more concerned with the criminal law itself than they are with the treatment of individuals. 26) The courts presume that all laws are constitutional. 27) The federal government's law-making authority is limited. 28) The government.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Sexual intercourse without the consent of the victim is the crime of: A) Statutory Rape. B) Rape by Deception. C) Rape. D) Sexual Assault. 2) A rape victim may be incompetent to give consent in one of three situations. Which.

MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match each type of death with its appropriate definition. 46) Homicide 47) Feticide 48) Murder 49) Manslaughter 50) First-Degree Murder 51) Second-Degree Murder 52) Voluntary Manslaughter 53) Involuntary Manslaughter 54) Felony Murder 55) Euthanasia A) The killing of a human being by another human being B) Has.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 43) In a(n) ________ trial, the first stage is the traditional trial to determine guilt and, for those found guilty, the second stage decides whether the sentence will be death or life imprisonment. 44) As a.

MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match the goals of criminal law with their definitions. 49) Incapacitation 50) Specific Deterrence 51) General Deterrence 52) Rehabilitation 53) Restoration 54) Denunciation A) When society expresses its abhorrence of the crime committed. B) A planned intervention intended to bring about change in an.

MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match the various tests for the Actus Reus of attempt with its explanation. 46) Last Act 47) Physical Proximity 48) Dangerous Proximity 49) Indispensable Element 50) Probable Desistance 51) Unequivocality 52) Modern Penal Code Substantial Step A) It is unlikely the offender will stop.

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 21) Which of the following is an example of a systemic relief approach designed to lessen the negative impact of collateral consequences? A) Offense downgrade. B) Certificate of rehabilitation. C) Ban-the-box. D) Sealing of a conviction. 22) When restoration of rights is not.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 42) Through the process of judicial ________, a juvenile court judge can yield jurisdiction over a case and transfer it to criminal court. 43) Juvenile ________ sentences allow the juvenile court judge to impose both juvenile.

MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match each defense with its explanation. 46) Failure of Proof Defense 47) Self Defense 48) Defense of Others 49) Defense of Habitation 50) Law Enforcement Defense 51) The Necessity Defense A) A justification defense in which the defendant is permitted to act in.