Test Bank for Revel Access Code for Global Issues: Politics, Economics, and Culture, 5th Edition

CHAPTER 2 The Struggle for Primacy in a Global Society Multiple-Choice 1) The rise and fall of Rome is an example of which theory? A) Exceptionalist theory B) Power transition theory C) Containment theory D) Power conversion theory Answer: B Topic/Concept: Power and Leadership 2.1: Evaluate leadership as one of the important constituents of power Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 2) “Soft power” includes a country’s A) economic strength. B) military capabilities. C) culture and appeal. D) political effectiveness. Answer: C Topic/Concept: Power and Leadership 2.1: Evaluate leadership as one of the important constituents of power Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 3) Balancing (a stronger power) is achieved by A) building alliances. B) developing democratic governments. C) war. D) internalizing the economy. Answer: A Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 11 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 4) Binding (a stronger power) is achieved by A) democratic enlargement. B) embedding the threatening country into an alliance. C) colonizing the threatening country. D) military engagement. Answer: B Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 5) At the end of World War II A) the United States and the Soviet Union were superpowers. B) Japan was a superpower. C) Germany was a superpower. D) China was a superpower. Answer: A Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 6) America’s strength as a dominant power A) is one-dimensional. B) is multidimensional. C) is based on its history. D) None of the above Answer: B Topic/Concept: Threats to U.S. Power: Emerging Powers and Nonstate Actors 2.5: Examine the internal, external, and nonstate threats to America’s leadership Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 7) World War I was significant in American history because A) America began abandoning isolationism. B) manifest destiny took hold. C) President Roosevelt strengthened the military. D) the Monroe Doctrine was established. 12 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Answer: A Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 8) Which of the following is NOT one of the five waves of American decline described by Samuel Huntington? A) Watergate crisis B) Launch of Sputnik C) Great Depression D) Oil embargo by OPEC Answer: C Topic/Concept: Threats to U.S. Power: Emerging Powers and Nonstate Actors 2.5: Examine the internal, external, and nonstate threats to America’s leadership Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 9) The transition of power from the G-7 to the G-20 represents A) asymmetrical warfare. B) emerging market countries challenging America’s leadership. C) diplomacy. D) domestic threats. Answer: B Topic/Concept: Threats to U.S. Power: Emerging Powers and Nonstate Actors 2.5: Examine the internal, external, and nonstate threats to America’s leadership Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 10) In the United States, the concept of manifest destiny helped to A) expand U.S. territory from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. B) end the Civil War. C) establish the Constitution. D) promote the use of public goods. Answer: A Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position Skill Level: Understanding 13 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Difficulty Level: Easy 11) Asymmetrical warfare A) is based on European currency. B) is a preoccupation with domestic and regional affairs. C) results from a decision to lag behind other countries militarily. D) is a nonstate threat to the United States. Answer: D Topic/Concept: Threats to U.S. Power: Emerging Powers and Nonstate Actors 2.5: Examine the internal, external, and nonstate threats to America’s leadership Skill Level: Application Difficulty Level: Moderate 12) China’s rapidly growing power is A) largely one-dimensional, based on its military. B) based on its authoritarian government. C) largely one-dimensional, based on its economy. D) enhanced by its favorable geography. Answer: C Topic/Concept: Threats to U.S. Power: Emerging Powers and Nonstate Actors 2.5: Examine the internal, external, and nonstate threats to America’s leadership Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 13) The American “shock and awe” bombing of Baghdad was a demonstration of A) the centrality of economic power. B) a wave of declinism. C) a hegemon with a preponderance of military power. D) the Monroe Doctrine. Answer: C Topic/Concept: Threats to U.S. Power: Emerging Powers and Nonstate Actors 2.5: Examine the internal, external, and nonstate threats to America’s leadership Skill Level: Application Difficulty Level: Moderate 14) The United States uses public goods in the global community in order to A) demonstrate manifest destiny. B) lessen the chances of hostile alliances forming. C) demonstrate that it ignores public opinion. D) adhere to the 2001 Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation. 14 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Answer: B Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 15) In imperial overstretch, A) domestic affairs unravel as a country puts resources into military activities abroad. B) military campaigns abroad suffer due to emphasis on domestic affairs. C) there is proof of the theories of Antonio Gramsci. D) offshore balancing is a major factor. Answer: A Topic/Concept: The Rise and Fall of Great Powers 2.2: Examine factors that influences the rise and fall of great powers Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy True/False 1) The United States is considered to be a hegemon in the international arena. Answer: True Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 2) Throughout history, there has not been a multipolar distribution of power. Answer: False Explanation: Prior to World War II, the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Italy, and the Soviet Union were all considered to be great powers. Topic/Concept: Power and Leadership 2.1: Evaluate leadership as one of the important constituents of power Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 3) Geography is a major factor in the rise and fall of great powers. Answer: True Topic/Concept: The Rise and Fall of Great Powers 15 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2.2: Examine factors that influences the rise and fall of great powers Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 4) Gross National Product (GNP) measures the total market value of all goods and services produced within a country. Answer: False Explanation: This is the function of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Topic/Concept: Power and Leadership 2.1: Evaluate leadership as one of the important constituents of power Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 5) Democratic enlargement is not a strategy used by the United States in order to maintain its power. Answer: False Explanation: It is a common strategy. Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 6) Economic power is often seen as the foundation of military and political power. Answer: True Topic/Concept: Challenging American Hegemony 2.4: Evaluate the political, economic, and military backdrop that engendered competitive relations between the US and China Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 7) Intellectual capability is a common element of power. Answer: True Topic/Concept: Power and Leadership 2.1: Evaluate leadership as one of the important constituents of power Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 16 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8) Asymmetrical warfare is effectively demonstrated by terrorism. Answer: True Topic/Concept: Threats to U.S. Power: Emerging Powers and Nonstate Actors 2.5: Examine the internal, external, and nonstate threats to America’s leadership Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 9) International institutions like the United Nations, the IMF, and the World Bank are not used to legitimize the primacy of the United States in the global community. Answer: False Explanation: They are used. Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy 10) Manifest destiny is the ideology which paved the way for territory expansion from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean in the United States. Answer: True Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Easy Fill in the Blank 1) America’s global leadership is being challenged from within by extreme economic, political, and social ________________. Answer: inequality Topic/Concept: Threats to U.S. Power: Emerging Powers and Nonstate Actors 2.5: Examine the internal, external, and nonstate threats to America’s leadership Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Moderate 2) _____________ influence the rise of a great power by pressuring the available domestic resources with population growth. Answer: Population pressures 17 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Topic/Concept: The Rise and Fall of Great Powers 2.2: Examine factors that influences the rise and fall of great powers Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Moderate 3) _____________ was created by European powers to prevent one country from dominating the others. Answer: Concert of Europe Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Moderate 4) _____________ was a United States policy stated in 1823 that diminished European involvement in the Americas. Answer: Monroe Doctrine Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Moderate 5) _____________ is a term used to express the dangers of excessive pride and arrogance. Answer: Hubris Topic/Concept: The Rise and Fall of Great Powers 2.2: Examine factors that influences the rise and fall of great powers Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Moderate 6) The _____________ worked to achieve world peace with international cooperation following World War I. Answer: League of Nations Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Moderate 18 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7) The _____________ was used by China and Russia in order to challenge the U.S. framework for international security. Answer: Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation Topic/Concept: Challenging American Hegemony 2.4: Evaluate the political, economic, and military backdrop that engendered competitive relations between the US and China Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Moderate 8) _____________ is a gap that has developed between a country’s global ambitions and its resources available to fulfill these ambitions. Answer: Imperial overstretch Topic/Concept: Threats to U.S. Power: Emerging Powers and Nonstate Actors 2.5: Examine the internal, external, and nonstate threats to America’s leadership Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Moderate 9) Security is an example of a _____________ or collective benefit. Answer: public good Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Moderate 10) The _____________ stresses that the distribution of power in countries will rise and fall. Answer: power transition theory Topic/Concept: Power and Leadership 2.1: Evaluate leadership as one of the important constituents of power Skill Level: Understanding Difficulty Level: Moderate Matching A) Uneven economic growth B) power 1) The _____________ resulted in the lessening of European involvement in the Americas. 2) _____________ allows some countries to enhance their power while that of other countries declines. 19 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. C) bipolar D) institutional leadership E) Monroe Doctrine 3) The ability to realize the rules, principles, procedures, and practices that guide the behavior of members of the global community is known as _____________. 4) An international system with two dominant states is termed as being _____________. 5) The ability to get others to behave in ways they ordinarily would not is known as _____________. Answers to Matching: 1) E) Monroe Doctrine 2) A) Uneven economic growth 3) D) institutional leadership 4) C) bipolar 5) B) power Essay 1) Economic power and military power are often discussed as the two most important factors that make up a great power. What are some other elements of power? How might they contribute to a nation’s rise to superpower status? Topic/Concept: Power and Leadership 2.1: Evaluate leadership as one of the important constituents of power Skill Level: Analysis Difficulty Level: Difficult 2) What are the three types of leadership? Provide some examples of how the United States and past world powers have exercised these types of leadership. Topic/Concept: Power and Leadership 2.1: Evaluate leadership as one of the important constituents of power Skill Level: Analysis Difficulty Level: Difficult 3) What are some strategies for maintaining power and preventing rising powers from creating disorder in the international system? Provide some examples of countries that have used some of these strategies. Topic/Concept: Strategies for Maintaining Power 2.3: Analyze the case of the United States to highlight strategies adopted by leading powers to maintain their international position 20 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Skill Level: Analysis Difficulty Level: Difficult 4) What are some current examples of challenges to American hegemony? What are the strongest challenges the United States faces to maintain its status as a great power? Explain. Topic/Concept: Challenging American Hegemony 2.4: Evaluate the political, economic, and military backdrop that engendered competitive relations between the US and China Skill Level: Analysis Difficulty Level: Difficult 5) Does China pose a major threat to the United States? How can U.S.–China relations be managed in light of increased competition? Topic/Concept: Challenging American Hegemony 2.4: Evaluate the political, economic, and military backdrop that engendered competitive relations between the US and China Skill Level: Analysis Difficulty Level: Difficult 21 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.