Student Success Expert Answers & Study Resources

31. How many inches do children grow each year in middle childhood? a. One-half an inch b. One inch c. Two inches d. Three inches 32. At what age do girls typically begin the adolescent growth spurt? a. 9 to 10 years of age b. 10 to 11 years of age c. 11 to 12 years of age d..

41. The whole language approach to reading focuses on a. letter-sound relationships. b. letter recognition. c. reading material that interests the child. d. reading sight words. 42. Children learn that words are composed of separate sounds called phonemes and that phonemes can be combined into words when they are learning the read using the a. whole.

21. If you showed a 7-year-old child six blue wooden blocks and 4 white wooden block and asked the child “Are there more blue blocks or more wooden blocks?” you would be testing the child's ability to a. classify objects into larger categories. b. conserve number. c. perform seriation. d. use transductive reasoning. 22. Children.

6. Children are not able to receive services for intervention/special education until they reach the age of five. a. True b. False 7. Learning disorders often run in families. a. True b. False 8. A specific learning disorder can be cured. a. True b. False 9. The best way to identify a child who is gifted or talented is.

31. Children who have learning disabilities a. can be treated with various types of medication to reduce their symptoms. b. can be cured with early intervention that focuses on cognitive rehabilitation. c. benefit from being placed in a classroom that uses an accelerated approach. d. can be greatly helped to achieve their potential with.

True/False Questions 1. B.F. Skinner believed that learning occurs through the process of classical conditioning. a. True b. False 2. Throughout life, our receptive language exceeds our expressive language. a. True b. False 3. In their first six months, infants are able to discriminate phonemes that exist in languages that are not in their environment. a. True b. False 4..

61. False memories for events that did not really happen are a. fairly easy to create in young children. b. extremely difficult to create in young children. c. impossible to create in either young or older children. d. very unstable once they are created. 62. Older children and adults are more likely to remember information.

16. A toddler sees his mother lying in bed because she doesn't feel well, so he gives her his favorite blanket because he knows that it always makes him feel better. This is an example of a. egocentrism. b. animism. c. conservation. d. transductive reasoning. 17. The task Piaget created to determine whether a child.

6. MacKenzie frequently tells her brother to “shut up”, but she would never tell her mother to “shut up”. MacKenzie is demonstrating the concept of a. semantics. b. pragmatics. c. morphology. d. syntax. 7. Social cognitive theory emphasizes the role of __________ in language learning. a. babbling b. joint attention c. imitation d. early phonemic discrimination 8. According to Skinner,.

46. the ability of the brain to coordinate attention and memory and control behavioral responses for the purpose of attaining a certain goal is called a. habituation. b. cognitive flexibility. c. executive function. d. elaboration. 47. Long-term and working memory reach peak capacity at age a. 11 or 12. b. 9 or 10. c. 15 or 16. d. 5.

a. True b. False 7. Children all around the world learn to use nouns before they learn to use verbs. a. True b. False 8. The process of acquiring emergent literacy skills begins in infancy. a. True b. False 9. Phonological skills are the best predictors of a child’s success in learning to read. a. True b. False 10. Frequent texting.

21. Which statement accurately describes early language development in deaf babies? a. Deaf babies do not babble early in development. b. Deaf babies increase the variety of the babbling sounds they make just like hearing babies do. c. Deaf babies who are learning sign language appear to go through the same stages of.

26. Which of the senses is least developed at birth? a. Hearing b. Smell c. Touch d. Vision 27. Which of the following objects would an infant prefer to look at? a. A pastel circle b. His/her mother’s face c. A picture of an animal d. A bullseye pattern 28. The differentiation between sounds begins a. in the womb. b. immediately after.

6. When Binet developed the first intelligence test, his goal was to a. measure a child's inherited abilities that we can then use to define “intelligence”. b. identify all of the separate and independent abilities that we need to measure in order to have a valid way of assessing intelligence. c. describe how.

59. If girls believe the stereotype that girls are not good at math, when they need to test their abilities in math it can create anxiety that can actually hurt their performance. This is called a. a stereotype threat. b. math anxiety. c. a teacher expectation effect. d. a math disability. 60. One intervention that.

51. As children with ADHD get older, their symptoms a. tend to lessen in severity, until they are undetectable in adulthood. b. may change or lessen as they move into adulthood, but ADHD cannot be cured. c. get worse over time, and are usually associated with a number of behavioral problems. d. continue, but.

41. Recent longitudinal research that has followed children who attended Head Start programs has found that a. the effects of participation dissipate after the children leave the program, and after 5 years they look no different from children who did not participate. b. most of the effects of participation dissipate after a.

11. Children who learn two languages simultaneously have smaller vocabularies in each language than children who speak one language. a. True b. False 12. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders never develop the ability to speak. a. True b. False 13. Echolalia can be a normal part of language development. a. True b. False 14. Children who are dyslexic have.

46. Young children who learn two languages simultaneously will a. be cognitively confused. b. reach language milestones at about the same time as their peers. c. speak a mishmash of both languages. d. never learnto speak either language well. 47. Learning a second language at a young age is makes it more likely that a.

11. There is no evidence to support the idea that smaller classes benefits students. a. True b. False 12. Research has found that Hispanic parents hold educational aspirations for their children that are similar to those held by Anglo parents. a. True b. False 13. Students who repeat a grade generally do much better on their.

1. While theories of cognitive development focus on universal processes that affect all children, the study of intelligence focuses on a. sociocultural differences. b. innate differences. c. individual differences. d. group differences. 2. One of the problems with agreeing on a definition of intelligence is a. deciding if intelligence is one ability or many different ones. b..

11. Once a child understands a rule of grammar (such as adding an “s” to form the plural of a word), they may use this rule incorrectly for words that don’t follow this rule. The error is called a. overapplication. b. overregularization. c. rule overload. d. a universal grammar. 12. As a theory of language.

21. One explanation for why Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences has been so widely accepted and implemented in the field of education is that a. it is a much easier way to assess intelligence than other standardized intelligence tests. b. the 9 types of intelligence that Gardner describes map on to the.

6. Piaget would say that the stages in his theory a. are only general descriptions of how cognitive development occurs and do not apply to every child. b. typically happen in the order he describes, but can occur out of order for children who are very bright. c. always occur in the order.

56. Infantile amnesia refers to the fact the a. infants younger than 6 months cannot remember things that they learnedwhen they were younger. b. most people cannot recall memories of their life before the age of 2. c. when people are asked to recall their early childhood, they recall false memories. d. infants have.

51. Social promotion is an educational policy that involves a. promoting a child to the next grade when the child shows the social skills appropriate for the next grade level. b. promoting an entire class, as a class, from one grade to another so the children don't need to make new friends. c..

41. Ideas taken from information processing theory have guided research that has looked at a. how children learn from their interactions with other people. b. the basic cognitive processes that underlie cognitive growth. c. how systematic use of rewards and punishments shape behavior. d. how children actively explore their environment as they learn. 42. Paying.

26. When an adolescent can solve a complex problem by first formulating hypotheses and then testing those hypotheses in a systematic and logical way, the adolescent is engaging in a. hypothetico-deductive reasoning. b. transformative reasoning. c. reversible operations. d. dialectical thinking. 27. As adolescents become able to think about broadabstract concepts, it may a. make them.

True/False Questions 1. One of the principles of Piaget's theory of cognitive development is that intelligence is an active and constructive process. a. True b. False 2. Piaget’s theory says that there are qualitative differences in how children think that reflect their developmental level. a. True b. False 3. Piaget’s description of his second stage of cognitive.

11. Which of the following techniques have critics of Piaget's idea that object permanence needs time to develop used to support their case that infants are born with “persistence”? a. They have measured the amount of time that infants spend looking at an event that violates an expectation of object permanence. b..

6. Many modern theorists see Piaget as only a historical figure with little relevance to modern research. a. True b. False 7. Infants prefer and will look longer at something they are familiar with. a. True b. False 8. Vygotsky believed that language and culture were critical components in shaping a child’s cognitive abilities. a. True b. False 9..

31. When children assume that there is one (and only one) name for an object, they are engaging in a. whole object bias. b. taxonomic constraint. c. semantic bootstrapping. d. mutual exclusivity constraint. 32. When Ted says “Mama go car,” it is an example of a. holophrase. b. telegraphic speech. c. babbling. d. abbreviated language. 33. Piaget describes children's inability.

36. In dialogic reading, acompletion prompt involves a. the adult explaining what is on an entire page of a book to the child. b. the adult asking the child to complete a sentence about the book. c. children asking the adult who is reading to them to answer questions. d. children playing games related.

66. Metacognition is a. the ability to stay on task and ignore distractions. b. an understanding of memory, how it works, and how to make it more efficient. c. an ability to think about and monitor one's own thoughts. d. the ability to switch focus as needed in order to complete a task. 67. Vygotsky's.

16. The area that is the primary center for speech production is a. Broca's area. b. the speech cortex. c. Wernicke's area. d. mirror neurons. 17. Throughout our life, our receptive language a. always trails our expressive language. b. always precedes our expressive language. c. develops in parallel with expressive language. d. usually trails expressive language, but rarely might.

31. Researchers who have been critical of the ages that Piaget attached to each of the stages in his theory of cognitive development have claimed that a. children can show abilities that Piaget said they did not have if you simplify the task that is being used to test for that.

1. One of the basic principles in Piaget's theory of cognitive development is that a. the mistakes that children make in their reasoning are meaningful because they indicate the nature of the child's current thought processes. b. a child's surprise when one of their expectations is violated is the best measure of.

26. The term used to describe how adults and children change the way they speak to infants and young children is a. infantile speech. b. foundational speech. c. child-directed speech. d. pragmatic speech. 27. The assumptions and principles that children use to facilitate their vocabulary learning are called a. constraints. b. hypotheses. c. linguistic guidelines. d. transitional probabilities. 28. When.

36. Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development differs from Piaget's theory in that a. Piaget's theory portrays children's cognitive development as occurring much more rapidly. b. Vygotsky saw cognitive development as based upon the child's social interaction with others. c. Piaget saw children as being dependent upon others for the learning that occurs. d. Vygotsky.

21. The cause of cerebral palsy is a. brain injury during prenatal development or during the birth process itself. b. a lack of stimulation during the early months of development. c. a massive overgrowth of brain synapses and the lack of synaptic pruning. d. a diet severely lacking in adequate amounts of protein. 22. Recent.

11. A testing procedure that focuses on the process by which we solve complex, real-life problems rather than a specific answer is known as a. standardized testing. b. dynamic assessment. c. authentic assessment. d. native intelligence testing. 12. Intelligence is a characteristic that could best be described as a. deeply canalized. b. moderately canalized. c. partially canalized. d. not.

36. When an infant loses support and feels like she is falling, she will throw out her arms and legs because of the a. Moro reflex. b. Babinski reflex. c. Gallant reflex. d. Tonic neck reflex. 37. The majority of the motor cortex is used to control the a. fingers and toes. b. arms and legs. c. mouth.

True/False Questions 1. There is evidence from studies of brain function that support the idea that crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence are two separate types of intelligence. a. True b. False 2. Well-constructed and reliable standardized tests today are not biased against native-born ethnic and racial minorities. a. True b. False 3. An authentic assessment relies upon.

46. If a teacher were told at the beginning of the school year that one of her new students was a trouble maker, she might keep a very close eye on that child and treat any misbehavior on the child’s part with harsh discipline. Over time this child might become.

55. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders have difficulty with a. both verbal and nonverbal communication. b. only verbal communication. c. only nonverbal communication. d. reading and writing, but not with speaking. 56. When a child frequently repeats what others say, they are showing a condition called a. mimicking. b. echolalia. c. parroting. d. gestural speech. 57. One of the interventions.

1. Phonology is the study of the a. sounds of a language. b. meaning of words. c. smallest segments of language with meaning. d. parts of language. 2. If you were interested in the meaning of words you would study a. phonology. b. syntax. c. morphemes. d. semantics. 3. Sam is not very good at following conversational rules. It is.

36. Research on accelerated programs for gifted children that allow them to skip a grade or take certain classes at a higher grade level has found that these students a. do well academically, but often report feeling lonely and socially isolated from other students. b. arenot willing to take on new academic.

51. Maria’s parents want her to continue to speak Spanish, even though they have lived in the United States for five years. The type of language that this refers to is called a. whole language. b. immersion language. c. heritage language. d. primary language. 52. Children who have difficulty producing sounds or using sounds correctly.

26. In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, analytical intelligence a. is closely associated with divergent thinking. b. is closest to the type of intelligence that is valued highly in most schools. c. helps an individual find successful solutions to novel problems. d. involves the ability to memorize, recall, match and verify. 27. The ability to.

16. Why does an increase in myelination in children result in higher IQ scores? a. The neural networks are strengthened and later development is better supported. b. The greater number of new neurons created through myelination results in higher IQ scores. c. The brain goes through a faster level of pruning in early.