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43. In order to use the chi square a. all data

43. In order to use the chi square a. all data must be in nominal form b. the categories must be independent of each other c. the sum total of all fo's must equal N d. all of these 44. The chi square statistical test may handle data from a. experimental research b. post-facto research c. both of.

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43. In order to use the chi square a. all data

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52. The chi square a a. parametric test of mean differences b.

52. The chi square is a a. parametric test of mean differences b. a non-parametric test of frequency differences c. a parametric test of frequency differences d. an interval test of rank differences 53. Whenever the chi square is applied to interval data, the resulting value will be a. inflated b. lowered c. the same as when applied to.

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52. The chi square a a. parametric test of mean differences b.

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B: Multiple Choice Items 1. The major goal of correlational research

B: Multiple Choice Items 1. The major goal of correlational research is to a. establish cause-and-effect relationships b. analyze the effects of an actively manipulated independent variable c. evaluate the results of experimental research d. make better-than-chance predictions 2. The higher the correlation between X and Y, then a. the higher the probability of having isolated the.

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B: Multiple Choice Items 1. The major goal of correlational research

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124. A researcher has computed two significant Pearson r values

124. A researcher has computed two significant Pearson r values from independent random samples. Sample A, 171 subjects, produced an r of .75 and Sample B, 175 subjects, produced an r of .60. Do the two sample correlations represent a common population correlation? A researcher is interested in whether a correlation exists between Alcohol.

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124. A researcher has computed two significant Pearson r values

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64. Whenever a correlation coefficient deviates significantly from zero, then a.

64. Whenever a correlation coefficient deviates significantly from zero, then a. it may or may not be used for predictions, depending on its size b. it may be used to establish totally accurate predictions c. it may not be used for predictions d. it may be used for establishing better-than-chance predictions, regardless of its size 65..

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64. Whenever a correlation coefficient deviates significantly from zero, then a.

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21. When a relationship inverse it means that the correlation

21. When a relationship is inverse it means that the correlation must be a. non-significant b. non-linear c. significant d. negative 22. For the Pearson r, when Ho is rejected, it means that a. the correlation is positive b. the correlation is negative c. the correlation is significant d. none of these 23. The Pearson r may be used to.

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21. When a relationship inverse it means that the correlation

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41. When doing an F ratio, subtracting the constant, 1,

41. When doing an F ratio, subtracting the constant, 1, from the total number of sample groups yields the a. alpha error b. between degrees of freedom c. within degrees of freedom d. total degrees of freedom 205 42. Dividing the sum of squares (SS) by the degrees of freedom (df), yields the a. F ratio b. alpha error c..

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41. When doing an F ratio, subtracting the constant, 1,

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21. When the variance within a sample group equal to

21. When the variance within a sample group is equal to 16, then the standard deviation for that sample is equal to a. 16 b. 8 c. 1.00 d. none of these 202 22. The sums of squares components relate such that SS total is equal to a. SS between b. SS between + SS within c. SS within -.

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21. When the variance within a sample group equal to

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21. When the standard deviation of both the X and

21. When the standard deviation of both the X and Y distributions are equal, then a. the value of the slope equals the value of the correlation b. the value of the Y intercept equals the mean of Y c. the value of X equals the value of Y d. none of these 238 22. When the.

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21. When the standard deviation of both the X and

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D: For the following questions, calculate the values. For questions 86

D: For the following questions, calculate the values. For questions 86 through 94 use the data on the following page: A researcher is interested in establishing whether memory is a function of both IQ and time of testing. A random sample of 40 university students was selected and each student was given an IQ.

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D: For the following questions, calculate the values. For questions 86

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D. For the following questions, calculate the values. 84. Calculate the

D. For the following questions, calculate the values. 84. Calculate the chi square on the following nominal data. CATEGORIES A B C D E fo 30 20 20 15 15 85. Calculate a chi square on the following nominal data. CATEGORIES A B C fo 35 25 10 For questions 86 through 91, use the following: Hypothesis: Police citations for.

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D. For the following questions, calculate the values. 84. Calculate the

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68. For the Pearson r, rejecting Ho means that the

68. For the Pearson r, rejecting Ho means that the obtained correlation does exist in the population. 69. In the regression of Y on X, when the Pearson r equals 1.00, so too must the slope value equal 1.00 70. If the Y intercept equals 50, then a Y value of 50 corresponds with.

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68. For the Pearson r, rejecting Ho means that the

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11. The higher the correlation between X and Y a. the

11. The higher the correlation between X and Y a. the more the scatter points deviate from the regression line b. the more the scatter points cluster around the regression line c. the more the scatter points create a circular configuration d. none of these 12. In regression analysis, when Y increases by two units.

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11. The higher the correlation between X and Y a. the

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A group of 20 violent drug abusers, all of whom

A group of 20 violent drug abusers, all of whom had committed homicide while under the influence of a psychostimulant, was selected from the population of a certain prison. Half the men had been cocaine abusers while the other half had been on methamphetamines. All were abstinent at the time.

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A group of 20 violent drug abusers, all of whom

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C: True or False: For the following,indicate T (True) or

C: True or False: For the following,indicate T (True) or F (False) 58. In a two variable linear regression, the intercept indicates the value of when X is at its minimum value. 59. If X correlates .95 with Y, then Y correlates .95 with X. 60. The regression line of Y on X must.

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C: True or False: For the following,indicate T (True) or

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34. The more any correlation value deviates from zero a. the

34. The more any correlation value deviates from zero a. the more likely it is to be significant b. the stronger the association between the two variables c. the greater its predictive efficiency d. all of these 35. In general, the array of points on a scatter plot tends to form the shape of a. a circle b..

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34. The more any correlation value deviates from zero a. the

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41. When a correlation value among three or more interval-data

41. When a correlation value among three or more interval-data variables is required, then the appropriate statistical test is a. the multiple R b. the Pearson r c. the Spearman rs d. the multi-factor V 42. In order to use the multiple R, a. there must be at least three internal correlations b. at least four variables must.

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41. When a correlation value among three or more interval-data

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11. The major reason for using the correlational techniques to a.

11. The major reason for using the correlational techniques is to a. make cause-and-effect statements b. make better-than-chance predictions c. identify a specific percentile d. establish a significant difference 12. On a scatter plot, the ordinate is used to represent a. the scores on the Y measure b. the scores on the X measure c. the frequency of.

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11. The major reason for using the correlational techniques to a.

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51. In a four-variable correlation, when two variables held constant,

51. In a four-variable correlation, when two variables are held constant, while examining the remaining relationship between the other two, the technique is referred to as a. a multiple R b. a first-order partial c. a higher-order partial d. none of these 52. When all the points in a scatter plot lie directly on the.

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51. In a four-variable correlation, when two variables held constant,

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B: Multiple Choice Items 1. A maximum linear correlation expressed as a.

B: Multiple Choice Items 1. A maximum linear correlation is expressed as a. 100% b. 99 c. +10.00 d. +1.00 2. The more a correlation deviates from zero, a. the more it is certain to be positive in sign b. the more it is certain to be negative in sign c. the more it is certain that the measured.

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B: Multiple Choice Items 1. A maximum linear correlation expressed as a.

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80. For the Spearman r, the degrees of freedom established

80. For the Spearman r, the degrees of freedom are established in the same way as for the Pearson r. 81. A Pearson r of .80 means that 80% of the information about Y being contained in X. 82. A significant Pearson r (of any value) means that some information about is being contained.

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80. For the Spearman r, the degrees of freedom established

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C: True or False: For the following, indicate T (True)

C: True or False: For the following, indicate T (True) or F (False) 70. Whenever measures are in interval form, regardless of the shape of the distribution, the Pearson r may be used. 71. When portraying a correlation on a scatter plot, the array of data points usually forms an elliptical shape. 72. If the.

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C: True or False: For the following, indicate T (True)

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11. When the chi square fo's deviate significantly from the

11. When the chi square fo's deviate significantly from the fe's, then a. the independent rule has been violated b. the data are not nominal c. the chi square cannot be calculated d. null is rejected 12. With chi square, the more categories there are a. the fewer the degrees of freedom b. the greater the degrees.

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11. When the chi square fo's deviate significantly from the

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A researcher was interested in studying the possible deterrent effect

A researcher was interested in studying the possible deterrent effect of sentencing. A sample of 12 recidivists was compared with another sample of 12 who had stayed clean. Both groups had been convicted of distributing drugs and both groups had served time. For each subject the length of the previous.

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A researcher was interested in studying the possible deterrent effect

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B: Multiple Choice Items 1. When measuring individuals with the nominal

B: Multiple Choice Items 1. When measuring individuals with the nominal scale, the key question is, a. how much of the given trait does the individual possess? b. does individual A possess more of the given trait than individual B? c. does the individual possess or not possess the trait? d. all of these are.

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B: Multiple Choice Items 1. When measuring individuals with the nominal

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78. When analyzing research data via the chi square, the

78. When analyzing research data via the chi square, the independent variable should be placed in the rows. 79. Chi square may only be used for the analysis of post-facto research data. 80. Correlations may never be established when the data form is nominal. 81. The coefficient of contingency (C) demands that there be.

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78. When analyzing research data via the chi square, the

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Questions 101 through 108 based the following: (This similar to

Questions 101 through 108 are based on the following: (This is similar to an item in the text at the back of chapter 12 but WITH A DIFFERENT DATA SET). A researcher is interested in whether a certain amphetamine drug will affect the retention of learned behavior among rats as a function of.

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Questions 101 through 108 based the following: (This similar to

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80. An ANOVA cannot be done unless the sample sizes

80. An ANOVA cannot be done unless the sample sizes are unequal. 81. When an F ratio is significant, the null hypothesis is accepted. 82. An F ratio of 10 means that the MS within is 10 times larger than the MS between. 83. With a sample mean of 10, the MS must equal.

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80. An ANOVA cannot be done unless the sample sizes

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54. When both sets of measures in ordinal form, the

54. When both sets of measures are in ordinal form, the appropriate correlational technique should be a. the Pearson r b. the t test c. the Spearman r d. the coefficient of determination 55. When one set of measures is in interval form, and the other in ordinal, then the appropriate correlational technique should be a. the Pearson.

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54. When both sets of measures in ordinal form, the

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Questions 97-102 will be based the following: A group of 10

Questions 97-102 will be based on the following: A group of 10 college seniors was randomly selected and given a WAIS-III IQ test. The IQs were recorded and then compared with each student's rank in class. The data are as follows: Student# IQ Rank In Class 1. 120 1 2. 125 2 3. 122 3 4. 110 4 5..

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Questions 97-102 will be based the following: A group of 10

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78. The partial correlation may never be used, unless more

78. The partial correlation may never be used, unless more than two variables are involved. 79. The multiple R is used to assess the strength of the combined correlations among three or more variables. 80. A first-order partial correlation assesses the strength of the relationship between two variables, with the effects of a.

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78. The partial correlation may never be used, unless more

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112. A researcher selects a pair of random samples. In

112. A researcher selects a pair of random samples. In Group 1 the scores are 20, 14, 16, 18, 16, 15, 14. In Group 2 the scores are 23, 20, 21, 24, 18, 22, 24, 22, 20, 20. Find the standard error of difference. 113. A researcher selects a pair of.

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112. A researcher selects a pair of random samples. In

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31. The effect of the Yates correction the chi square

31. The effect of the Yates correction on the chi square value is that chi square is a. slightly decreased b. slightly increased c. greatly increased d. none of these, since Yates does not influence the chi square value 224 32. When Yates is applied, the likelihood of obtaining a significant chi square is a. slightly decreased b. slightly.

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31. The effect of the Yates correction the chi square

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44. With 5 degrees of freedom, the critical tabled value

44. With 5 degrees of freedom, the critical tabled value of the Pearson r is .75 for an .05 alpha level. If one were to obtain a Pearson r value of -.76, then a. There is a failure to reject Ho b. Ho would be rejected c. the alpha level would become negative d. none of.

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44. With 5 degrees of freedom, the critical tabled value

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C: True or False: For the following, indicate T (True)

C: True or False: For the following, indicate T (True) or F (False) 58. Chi square is a non-parametric statistical test. 59. Chi square may never be used with nominal data. 60. The null hypothesis for chi square states that the observed frequencies are equal to the expected frequencies. 61. The degrees of freedom.

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C: True or False: For the following, indicate T (True)

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68. Because of the independence restriction, the McNemar test cannot

68. Because of the independence restriction, the McNemar test cannot be used on dependent samples. 69. As long as the data are in nominal form, the McNemar test may be applied to results from matched-subjects' designs. 70. When chi square equals zero, there is a failure to reject Ho 71. In order to.

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68. Because of the independence restriction, the McNemar test cannot

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95. Calculate the F ratio the following sets of scores. Group

95. Calculate the F ratio on the following sets of scores. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 4 6 7 3 3 5 1 2 1 96. Calculate the F ratio on the following sets of scores. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 5 7 10 3 6 10 3 6 9 2 4 10 97. Calculate the F ratio on.

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95. Calculate the F ratio the following sets of scores. Group

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For questions 28 through 33 use the following. A researcher selects

For questions 28 through 33 use the following. A researcher selects a random sample of college students and measures them on both the number of hours spent watching TV and grade-point average. The results were as follows: Subject # Hours of TV GPA X Y 1 50 1.90 2 20 2.20 3 19 2.40 4 10 3.00 5 7 2.90 6.

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For questions 28 through 33 use the following. A researcher selects

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107. For the following ranks, calculate the Spearman rs R1 R2 4.0

107. For the following ranks, calculate the Spearman rs R1 R2 4.0 5 8.5 4 6.0 3 1.0 1 2.5 2 2.5 6 6.0 8 8.5 7 6.0 9 10.0 10 108. Should Ho be rejected or accepted? 109. If rejected, state the significance level. A researcher wishes to test the hypothesis that there is a correlation between IQ and math ability. A random sample.

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107. For the following ranks, calculate the Spearman rs R1 R2 4.0

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51. The one-way ANOVA may only be used when a. the

51. The one-way ANOVA may only be used when a. the direction of the difference is specified b. the F ratio is significant c. there are more than 3 sample groups d. there is only one independent variable 52. Tukey's HSD is used in order to a. establish the significance of the overall F ratio b. allocate.

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51. The one-way ANOVA may only be used when a. the

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For questions 114 through 119 use the following: A researcher wishes

For questions 114 through 119 use the following: A researcher wishes to find out whether there is a dependable relationship between the severity of earthquakes and temperature for the 7 days immediately preceding the quake. A sample of 10 measured earthquakes was randomly selected from those recorded since 1965. For each area both the.

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For questions 114 through 119 use the following: A researcher wishes

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31. When the correlation between X and Y equals 1.00,

31. When the correlation between X and Y equals 1.00, the standard error of estimate a. equals 0 b. equals the mean of Y c. equals the standard deviation of Y d. equals 1.00 32. The value of the standard error of estimate may never be greater than a. 1.00 b. 0 c. the mean of Y d. the standard.

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31. When the correlation between X and Y equals 1.00,

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D: For the following questions, calculate the values. For questions 88

D: For the following questions, calculate the values. For questions 88 through 90, use the following: Assume a significant XY correlation of .60 and a sample size of 62. The mean of X equals 14.00, and the mean of Y equals 2.00. The estimated sd of the sample X equals 3.00 and.

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D: For the following questions, calculate the values. For questions 88

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31. If the F ratio were performed a two-group design

31. If the F ratio were performed on a two-group design and F were equal to 9, then t would be equal to a. 81 b. 9 c. 3 d. none of these 32. If the F ratio were performed on a four-group design and F were equal to 4, then t would be equal.

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31. If the F ratio were performed a two-group design

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C: True or False: For the following, indicate T (True)

C: True or False: For the following, indicate T (True) or F (False) 70. The F ratio may compare two or more sample means. 71. The F ratio may only be calculated when the independent variable has exactly two levels. 72. The F ratio, like the t ratio, can be used to predict the.

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C: True or False: For the following, indicate T (True)

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61. When doing a factorial ANOVA, the main effects found

61. When doing a factorial ANOVA, the main effects are found from the a. rows b. columns c. both of these d. neither of these 208 62. A factorial ANOVA must have a minimum of a. two cells b. four cells c. eight cells d. none of these, since the factorial ANOVA may be performed on any number of cells 63. On.

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61. When doing a factorial ANOVA, the main effects found

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D: For the following questions, calculate the values. Questions 91 -

D: For the following questions, calculate the values. Questions 91 - 93 will be based on the following: A group of 10 subjects was given a personality test. Among the traits measured on the test were Orderliness and Social Conformity. The scores were as follows: Subject # Orderliness Social Conformity 1. 9 11 2. 6 8 3..

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D: For the following questions, calculate the values. Questions 91 -

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B: Multiple Choice Items 1. The F ratio was developed by a.

B: Multiple Choice Items 1. The F ratio was developed by a. William Sealy Gossett b. Sir Ronald Fisher c. Karl Pearson d. Sir Bryant McKenna 2. The F ratio may be used to assess differences between (among) a. two sample means b. three sample means c. four sample means d. all of these 3. Analysis of experimental data by the.

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B: Multiple Choice Items 1. The F ratio was developed by a.

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21. A researcher obtains a 2 by 2 chi square

21. A researcher obtains a 2 by 2 chi square value of 3.83. The appropriate degrees of freedom indicate required table values of 3.84 at .05, and 6.64 at .01. The researcher should a. Fail to reject Ho b. reject Ho at .05 c. reject Ho at .01 d. only test the a priori hypothesis 22. Whenever.

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21. A researcher obtains a 2 by 2 chi square

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11. The alternative hypothesis for the F ratio that the

11. The alternative hypothesis for the F ratio is that the sample means a. represent a single population b. represent completely different populations c. do not all represent a single population d. none of these 12. When the distribution of raw scores within a sample forms a leptokurtic shape, then a. the variance within the sample is.

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11. The alternative hypothesis for the F ratio that the

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Study Resources (Statistics)

43. In order to use the chi square a. all data

43. In order to use the chi square a. all data must be in nominal form b. the categories must be independent of each other c. the sum total of all fo's must equal N d. all of these 44. The chi square statistical test may handle data from a. experimental research b. post-facto research c. both of.

43. In order to use the chi square a. all data

52. The chi square a a. parametric test of mean differences b.

52. The chi square a a. parametric test of mean differences b.

B: Multiple Choice Items 1. The major goal of correlational research

B: Multiple Choice Items 1. The major goal of correlational research

124. A researcher has computed two significant Pearson r values

124. A researcher has computed two significant Pearson r values

64. Whenever a correlation coefficient deviates significantly from zero, then a.

64. Whenever a correlation coefficient deviates significantly from zero, then a.

21. When a relationship inverse it means that the correlation

21. When a relationship inverse it means that the correlation

41. When doing an F ratio, subtracting the constant, 1,

41. When doing an F ratio, subtracting the constant, 1,

21. When the variance within a sample group equal to

21. When the variance within a sample group is equal to 16, then the standard deviation for that sample is equal to a. 16 b. 8 c. 1.00 d. none of these 202 22. The sums of squares components relate such that SS total is equal to a. SS between b. SS between + SS within c. SS within -.

21. When the variance within a sample group equal to

21. When the standard deviation of both the X and

21. When the standard deviation of both the X and Y distributions are equal, then a. the value of the slope equals the value of the correlation b. the value of the Y intercept equals the mean of Y c. the value of X equals the value of Y d. none of these 238 22. When the.

21. When the standard deviation of both the X and

D: For the following questions, calculate the values. For questions 86

D: For the following questions, calculate the values. For questions 86

D. For the following questions, calculate the values. 84. Calculate the

D. For the following questions, calculate the values. 84. Calculate the

68. For the Pearson r, rejecting Ho means that the

68. For the Pearson r, rejecting Ho means that the obtained correlation does exist in the population. 69. In the regression of Y on X, when the Pearson r equals 1.00, so too must the slope value equal 1.00 70. If the Y intercept equals 50, then a Y value of 50 corresponds with.

68. For the Pearson r, rejecting Ho means that the

11. The higher the correlation between X and Y a. the

11. The higher the correlation between X and Y a. the

A group of 20 violent drug abusers, all of whom

A group of 20 violent drug abusers, all of whom had committed homicide while under the influence of a psychostimulant, was selected from the population of a certain prison. Half the men had been cocaine abusers while the other half had been on methamphetamines. All were abstinent at the time.

A group of 20 violent drug abusers, all of whom

C: True or False: For the following,indicate T (True) or

C: True or False: For the following,indicate T (True) or F (False) 58. In a two variable linear regression, the intercept indicates the value of when X is at its minimum value. 59. If X correlates .95 with Y, then Y correlates .95 with X. 60. The regression line of Y on X must.

C: True or False: For the following,indicate T (True) or

34. The more any correlation value deviates from zero a. the

34. The more any correlation value deviates from zero a. the

41. When a correlation value among three or more interval-data

41. When a correlation value among three or more interval-data

11. The major reason for using the correlational techniques to a.

11. The major reason for using the correlational techniques to a.

51. In a four-variable correlation, when two variables held constant,

51. In a four-variable correlation, when two variables held constant,

B: Multiple Choice Items 1. A maximum linear correlation expressed as a.

B: Multiple Choice Items 1. A maximum linear correlation is expressed as a. 100% b. 99 c. +10.00 d. +1.00 2. The more a correlation deviates from zero, a. the more it is certain to be positive in sign b. the more it is certain to be negative in sign c. the more it is certain that the measured.

B: Multiple Choice Items 1. A maximum linear correlation expressed as a.

80. For the Spearman r, the degrees of freedom established

80. For the Spearman r, the degrees of freedom are established in the same way as for the Pearson r. 81. A Pearson r of .80 means that 80% of the information about Y being contained in X. 82. A significant Pearson r (of any value) means that some information about is being contained.

80. For the Spearman r, the degrees of freedom established

C: True or False: For the following, indicate T (True)

C: True or False: For the following, indicate T (True)

11. When the chi square fo's deviate significantly from the

11. When the chi square fo's deviate significantly from the

A researcher was interested in studying the possible deterrent effect

A researcher was interested in studying the possible deterrent effect

B: Multiple Choice Items 1. When measuring individuals with the nominal

B: Multiple Choice Items 1. When measuring individuals with the nominal

78. When analyzing research data via the chi square, the

78. When analyzing research data via the chi square, the

Questions 101 through 108 based the following: (This similar to

Questions 101 through 108 are based on the following: (This is similar to an item in the text at the back of chapter 12 but WITH A DIFFERENT DATA SET). A researcher is interested in whether a certain amphetamine drug will affect the retention of learned behavior among rats as a function of.

Questions 101 through 108 based the following: (This similar to

80. An ANOVA cannot be done unless the sample sizes

80. An ANOVA cannot be done unless the sample sizes are unequal. 81. When an F ratio is significant, the null hypothesis is accepted. 82. An F ratio of 10 means that the MS within is 10 times larger than the MS between. 83. With a sample mean of 10, the MS must equal.

80. An ANOVA cannot be done unless the sample sizes

54. When both sets of measures in ordinal form, the

54. When both sets of measures in ordinal form, the

Questions 97-102 will be based the following: A group of 10

Questions 97-102 will be based on the following: A group of 10 college seniors was randomly selected and given a WAIS-III IQ test. The IQs were recorded and then compared with each student's rank in class. The data are as follows: Student# IQ Rank In Class 1. 120 1 2. 125 2 3. 122 3 4. 110 4 5..

Questions 97-102 will be based the following: A group of 10

78. The partial correlation may never be used, unless more

78. The partial correlation may never be used, unless more

112. A researcher selects a pair of random samples. In

112. A researcher selects a pair of random samples. In Group 1 the scores are 20, 14, 16, 18, 16, 15, 14. In Group 2 the scores are 23, 20, 21, 24, 18, 22, 24, 22, 20, 20. Find the standard error of difference. 113. A researcher selects a pair of.

112. A researcher selects a pair of random samples. In

31. The effect of the Yates correction the chi square

31. The effect of the Yates correction the chi square

44. With 5 degrees of freedom, the critical tabled value