Mechanical Engineering Answers & Study Resources : Page 3

Short Answer Questions 15.An example of a type of practice that fits well with the view that errors can benefit learning is commonly referred to as ________. 16.According to Gentile's learning model, to practice an open skill it is essential to vary the ________ conditions related to the skill. 17.The practice schedule that.

31.When a performance score is recorded as m/sec-1, the performance measure is velocity. 32.TMS involves directing a short burst of magnetic waves at a specific area of the brain cortex in order to temporarily activate that area. 33.If you move your two arms forward and backward several times at the same time,.

True / False Questions 24.The term practicevariability refers to the variety of movement and context characteristics the learner experiences while practicing a skill. 25.Experiments designed to demonstrate the benefit of practice variability typically compare the retention test performance of a constant practice condition and a variable practice condition. 26.The guideline for implementing practice.

True / False Questions 30.If you see where your golf ball goes after you hit it, the visual feedback you receive is known as KR. 31.The only reason to give augmented feedback to a beginner learning a motor skill is to facilitate their achievement of the action goal of the skill. 32.Research has.

15.A drummer who has to learn to perform a piece of music that requires one hand to play a certain rhythm while the other hand plays a different rhythm, should practice according to the ________ method. 16.According to the experiment by Knapp and Dixon, to learn to juggle three objects, which.

11.The triple jump is a track and field event that requires a performer to run down a runway and then to perform a hop, skip, and jump sequence. The hop, skip, and jump portion sequence of the event is an example of a: A. Discrete motor skill B. Continuous motor skill C. Serial.

6.This error measure evaluates performance consistency during a series of trials. A. AE B. CE C. VE D. E 7.This error measure evaluates overall accuracy during a series of trials. A. AE B. CE C. VE D. RE 8.To determine muscle activation patterns, this measurement method could be used. A. EMG B. EEG C. Kinetics D. Kinematics 9.The change in spatial position of a limb.

45.A movement that can be used to accomplish many different action goals highlights the one-to-many relationship between movements and actions. 46.An effective instructor would acknowledge that the best way to accomplish a task may vary from one individual to another. 47.To distract a basketball free throw shooter, the fans from the opposing.

20.Research has shown that beginning badminton players learned the long, short, and drive serves best when they followed a ________ schedule to practice the serves. 21.The term that means "what we know about what we know" and is used in reference to people making judgments about how much they are learning.

6.The specific pattern of limb motions used in throwing a ball is an example of: A. An action B. A movement C. A neuromotor process D. A reflex 7.The relationship between movements and actions is: A. Many-to-one B. One-to-many C. Many-to-one and one-to-many D. Movements and actions are not related 8.The relationship between neuromotor processes and movements is: A. Many-to-one B. One-to-many C..

29.A limitation of the contextual interference effect is that it applies only to beginners and not to skilled performers of motor skills. 30.Research has shown that people who practice in a blocked practice schedule tend to overestimate how much they are learning during practice. 31.Research evidence has provided support for both the.

Short Answer Questions 11.A term that can be used synonymously with mental practice is ________. 12.Of the two types of imagery that have been categorized, the one that involves people experiencing the sensations that could be expected in an actual performance situation is called ________ imagery. 13.Two roles for mental practice related to.

Multiple Choice Questions 1.The term ability refers to: A. How well a person performs a skill B. An individual capacity that underlies performance C. How quickly a skill can be learned D. Probability for high level of performance 2.The general motor ability hypothesis proposes that individuals have: A. One motor ability that determines a person's potential to.

15.In the Singer five-step learning strategy, _______ of the five steps involve elements of mental practice. 16.Mental practice can be expected to be effective early in learning a motor skill because the early stage of learning relates well to the ________ explanation of the mental practice effect. 17.Imagery that involves feeling the.

25.When augmented feedback is given while a person is performing a skill or movement, it is known as ________ augmented feedback. 26.The interval of time after the completion of a response and before KR is given is the ________ interval. 27.The technique used by Winstein and Schmidt (1990) that yielded the most.

True / False Questions 17.The term overlearning refers to engaging learners in additional practice after they have achieved a specified performance criterion. 18.Research has shown that the overlearning strategy benefits the learning of all types of motor skills. 19.The classic study by Longman and Baddeley, which involved the training of postal workers to.

16.Gentile's taxonomy of motor skills includes which of the following factors as part of the "environmental context" dimension? A. Intertrial variability B. Object location C. Object orientation D. Body transport 17.Which of the following skill category distinctions is popular in textbooks related to methods of teaching motor skills? A. Gross vs. fine motor skills B. Discrete vs..

Multiple Choice Questions 1.Which of the following would be considered a performance outcome measure? A. The distance a ball was kicked B. The angle of the knee at ball impact C. The electrical activity in the quadriceps muscles during the kick D. The electrical activity in the brain during the kick 2.Which of the following would.

35.Quantitative KR ultimately leads to better motor skill learning than qualitative KR. 36.It is preferable to give prescriptive verbal KP to beginners rather than descriptive verbal KP. 37.Concurrent augmented feedback always has negative effects on motor skill learning. 38.Research shows that you can hinder the learning of a motor skill by a beginner.

21.If you want to describe the movement of an object in a straight line, the type of motion you would describe is referred to as ________. 22.Force can be calculated from the kinematics of a movement if you know the mass of the moving object and the ________ of the movement. 23.The.

True / False Questions 19.The terms mentalpractice and meditation can be used interchangeably. 20.Research has shown that mental practice is effective as a performance preparation strategy but not as an aid to learning a new motor skill. 21.When mental practice involves visual imagery, it can take the form of internal or external imagery. 22.When.

Short Answer Questions 26.If motor skills are classified according to the stability of the environment, bowling would be placed in the category of ________ motor skills. 27.Walking in a crowded mall makes walking a(n) ________ motor skill. 29.Archery and piano playing are two quite different skills, yet they can both be classified as.

39.Giving augmented feedback to a beginner only when he or she requests it is better than giving the augmented feedback on every trial. 40.Learners will always become dependent on concurrent augmented feedback, regardless of how the feedback is displayed or presented. 41.Kinematic feedback can allow learners to quickly acquire patterns of coordination.

True / False Questions 26.Simple RT involves one signal and more than one possible response. 27.Reaction time and movement time measure the same aspect of performance. 28.Constant error (CE) refers to a person's performance bias during a series of trials. 29.Radial error (RE) would be the appropriate general accuracy measure to assess the accuracy.

Multiple Choice Questions 1.A researcher from the area of __________ would be interested in how massed versus distributed practice influences the acquisition of a skill: A. Motor Control B. Motor Learning C. Motor Development D. None of these 2.The performance of any motor skill is influenced by characteristics of: A. The performer B. The environment C. The skill itself D..

23.A skill such as twisting a lid on a jar is an example of an asymmetric bimanual coordination skill that would benefit from the simplification part-practice strategy. 24.The fractionization part-practice strategy is also referred to as the progressive-part strategy. 25.Research has shown that the segmentation part-practice strategy will facilitate the learning of.

Short Answer Questions 20.When the source of information about a response is the person's own sensory system, the type of feedback is called ________. 21.When a computer graphic showing arm velocity during the performance of a skill is shown to a person, the type of augmented feedback is called ________. 22.Is the KR.

6.Experimental evidence shows that, compared to qualitative KR, quantitative KR leads to: A. Better performance than qualitative KR only early in practice B. Better performance than qualitative KR early and late in practice C. No better performance than qualitative KR early in practice but better than qualitative KR later in practice D. No better.

Multiple Choice Questions 1.When augmented feedback tells the performer which movement characteristics produced the movement outcome, the type of augmented feedback is known as: A. Sensory feedback B. Augmented sensory feedback C. Knowledge of results (KR) D. Knowledge of performance (KP) 2.If you are told "your score was 16 on that attempt," the type of augmented.

6.Research suggests that reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) are: A. Independent motor abilities B. Highly related motor abilities C. Moderately related motor abilities D. None of these 7.To develop his taxonomy of human perceptual-motor abilities, Fleishman: A. Gave an extensive battery of tests to many people B. Interviewed many people about their motor skill experiences C..

16.The "guidance hypothesis," which relates to the frequency of KR, takes issue with which traditional viewpoint about the best frequency for KR? A. The more frequently KR is given, the better the learning will be B. The less frequently KR is given, the better the learning will be C. A combination of 100%.

Multiple Choice Questions 1.In the study by Schendel and Hagman (1982), the machine gun assembly-disassembly skill that was shown to benefit from overtraining is an example of a(n): A. Procedural skill B. Continuous skill C. Dynamic skill D. Open skill 2.When increasing the amount of practice beyond a certain point does not lead to results proportionally.

Short Answer Questions 11.Although the experiment involving the training of U.S. Army soldiers to assemble and disassemble a machine gun found that both the immediate overtraining and the "refresher" overtraining yielded similar beneficial retention results, they recommended the use of the ________ overtraining procedure. 12.In the research study involving fifth-grade students who.

20.According to Gentile's taxonomy of motor skills, which of the following describes the least complex skill? A. Regulatory conditions stationary; object manipulated B. Regulatory conditions in motion; object manipulated C. Regulatory conditions stationary; no object manipulated D. Regulatory conditions in motion; no object manipulated 21.Riding a surfboard on multiple waves would be classified in Gentile's.

Multiple Choice Questions 1.A person who visually imagines himself or herself performing a skill from the perspective of an observer performs this type of mental practice: A. External imagery B. Internal imagery C. Kinesthetic imagery D. Out-of-body imagery 2.In experiments that compare all-mental practice to all-physical practice and no practice conditions, results typically show that participants.

11.The hypothesis that explains the contextual interference effect based on the argument that between-trial interference causes individuals to forget critical information encoded on the previous trial is the: A. Action plan reconstruction hypothesis B. Elaboration hypothesis C. Interference hypothesis D. Recognition schema forgetting hypothesis 12.Which of the following situations does not support the specificity of.

36.Typing a word on a keyboard is an example of a serial motor skill. 37.The size of a pen that a person uses to write is an example of a regulatory condition that will determine the movements required for the handwriting action. 38.Whether or not an object must be manipulated is a.

Multiple Choice Questions 1.With reference to motor skills, the term task complexity refers to the: A. Difficulty of the task. B. Spatial/temporal relationships among the parts of the task. C. Amount of cognitive effort required by the task. D. Number of components in the task. 2.With reference to motor skills, the term task organization refers to.

True / False Questions 31.Shooting a free throw in basketball is an example of an open motor skill. 32.Running is an example of a gross motor skill. 33.If motor skills are classified according to the stability of the environment, bowling would be placed in the category of closed motor skills. 34.When we skate on.

6.When different levels of contextual interference during motor skill practice are compared, results typically show that: A. A low contextual interference schedule is better during practice, but a high contextual interference schedule shows better transfer performance B. A high contextual interference schedule is better during practice, but a low contextual interference schedule.

6.Which of the following best describes a general rule about practice distribution schedules for the length and distribution of practice sessions? A. Distributed practice schedules are better B. Massed practice schedules are better C. Both schedules lead to the same amount of learning D. The rule would depend on the type of skill being.

11.To help a person learn to activate a specific muscle group to produce a desired movement, the type of biofeedback that has been shown to be effective is the: A. Force-time curve resulting from the movement B. Displacement curve from their movement C. Velocity profile of their movement D. EMG associated with their movement 12.Which.

Short Answer Questions 16.The interval of time between the initiation and completion of a movement is called ______. 17.A person had the following error scores for a series of 5 trials: +5, -3, +8, +18, -6. The average AE score is ________. 8 18.Variable error is an indicator of a person's performance ________ when.

True / False Questions 19.When the term complexity is used to refer to a motor skill characteristic, it is synonymous with the term difficulty. 20.If a motor skill is characterized by a low level of organization, the component parts of the skill are spatially and temporally interdependent. 21.Before you determine whether to use.

6.When skilled athletes were surveyed about their use of mental imagery, which general type of imagery did they tend to use most often? A. Cognitive B. Motivation C. Somatosensory D. The type of imagery used was sport-specific 7.The neuromuscular explanation for the effectiveness of mental practice has been supported by research showing: A. EMG activity in.

41.People learn movements rather than actions when they begin to learn or relearn a skill. 42.The color of a ball is an example of a non-regulatory condition. 43.The motor system always recruits the same muscle fibers when executing a simple movement like lifting the arm. 44.The terms actions and movements are interchangeable.     .

Multiple Choice Questions 1.When a person experiences a practice condition where the likelihood of making errors early in practice is high, transfer performance is generally: A. Better than that of a practice condition that kept errors to a minimum B. Worse than that of a practice condition that kept errors to a minimum C..

6.Which of the following describes a simplification strategy for facilitating the acquisition of a complex skill? A. Adding an auditory sound designating rhythmic beat or tempo for practicing gait control B. Hitting a baseball off of a stationary tee for practicing hitting in baseball C. Performing a dance routine at a slower tempo.

Short Answer Questions 11.A motor skill that is low in task organization and high in task complexity should be practiced by the ________ method. 12.The part practice strategy that seems especially applicable to helping a person learn an asymmetric bimanual coordination skill is the ________ method. 13.A progressive-part method of practicing a skill.

11.The term kinetics refers to motion caused by ___________. A. Velocity B. Angular acceleration C. Force D. Movement 12.The measure of muscle activity that detects the lateral displacement of a muscle's belly following maximal percutaneous neuromuscular stimulation is referred to as: A. Electromyography (EMG) B. Whole muscle mechanomyography (wMMG) C. Electroencephalography (EEG) D. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) 13.Near infrared spectroscopy.