1) How old the sun, approximately? A) 14 billion years old B)

1) How old is the sun, approximately? A) 14 billion years old B) 14 million years old C) 5 billion years old D) 5 million years old E) 5 thousand years old 2) What triggered the formation of the sun? A) Supernova explosion B) Big Bang explosion C) Radioactive Decay of materials D) Electromagnetic attractions E) No one knows 3) How.

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21) Which of the following coastlines at risk from Coastal

21) Which of the following coastlines are at risk from Coastal Hazards? A) The Florida coastlines on the Atlantic Ocean B) The Michigan coastlines on Lake Huron C) The Oregon coastlines on the Pacific Ocean D) The Louisiana coastlines on the Gulf of Mexico E) All of the above are at risk of some coastal.

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51) Glaciers have always covered the continents and it only

51) Glaciers have always covered the continents and it is only in our current time that the glaciers have been confined to polar climates. 52) Once glaciers retreat they never come back. 53) Glaciers move very slowly and are not usually much of a threat. 54) Currently, the climate is cooling. 55) There is.

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31) Areas with extensive Limestone formations particularly vulnerable to sinkholes

31) Areas with extensive Limestone formations are particularly vulnerable to sinkholes and caves. 32) Sinkholes usually form when the ground becomes wet and things sink into them after a big rainstorm. 33) Caves form in places where giant bubbles were present in the lava that formed the earth's crust. 34) Sinkholes and caves.

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61) Cumulus clouds puffy clouds that usually form prior to

61) Cumulus clouds are puffy clouds that usually form prior to a thunderstorm. 62) The air pressure gets greater as you move up in the atmosphere. 63) Cold air on the surface is related to high pressure. 64) Low pressure is associated with clouds and rainy conditions. 65) Air moves from Low pressure to.

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21) Which of the following not true about the effects

21) Which of the following is not true about the effects of landslides? A) Landslides can cause flooding when rivers are blocked B) Landslides can bury people in debris C) Landslides rarely do much damage and are rare occurrences D) Landslides can break utility wires and disrupt travel E) Landslides can cause damage to homes.

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11) Which of the following statements true about waves? A) Waves

11) Which of the following statements is true about waves? A) Waves break because they rise too high in shallow water B) Waves diminish greatly in size as they move across the ocean C) Waves are mostly random and cannot be predicted D) Wavelength increases when the wave hits the shoreline E) Waves speed up.

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11) What causes soil volume change? A) Changes in the water

11) What causes soil volume change? A) Changes in the water content of soil B) Changes in atmospheric pressure C) Changes in temperature of the soil D) Changes in the minerals in the soil E) Changes in elevation of the soil 12) Which of the following is not a dissolvable rock? A) Limestone B) Granite C) Gypsum D) Marble E) Dolostone 13).

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21) Why do Extratropical Cyclones form? A) Cold air moving towards

21) Why do Extratropical Cyclones form? A) Cold air moving towards the tropics meets with warm air moving towards the poles. B) Cold Fronts moving eastward meet with warm fronts moving westward C) Polar Jet Stream meets with a barrier D) Tropical Jet stream meets with warm ocean water E) Hurricanes cross over small islands.

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31) Why do scientists believe that the current global warming

31) Why do scientists believe that the current global warming situation is not caused by natural forces? A) Models of the sun show that radiation hasn't varied throughout history B) Volcanoes have not been known to cause global climate change, only local changes C) Mathematical models show anthropogenic sources to be the cause D).

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61) Global temperatures have fluctuated many times in the last

61) Global temperatures have fluctuated many times in the last 800,000 years showing glacial and interglacial periods. 62) Because of the burning of fossil fuels, the earth is warmer today than in any other period in the last 800,000 years. 63) Most of the increase in global temperatures can be attributed to.

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1) What mass wasting? A) Recycling of materials to make slopes B)

1) What is mass wasting? A) Recycling of materials to make slopes B) Loss of mass during chemical weathering C) Downslope movement of rock D) Land lost to volcanic eruptions E) Movement of sediment downshore due to currents 2) Which of the following environments are susceptible to mass wasting? A) A steep and rocky slope B) A moderate.

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31) Which the most common type of severe thunderstorm? A) Mesoscale

31) Which is the most common type of severe thunderstorm? A) Mesoscale convection systems B) Squall lines C) Supercells D) Derechos E) Microbursts 32) Which type of severe thunderstorm is caused by cold fronts? A) Mesoscale convection systems B) Squall lines C) Supercells D) Derechos E) Microbursts 33) Which type of severe thunderstorms spawn the most tornadoes? A) Mesoscale convection systems B) Squall lines C).

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41) If you standing in the middle of a river

41) If you are standing in the middle of a river and look at either side, you might see tall earthen hills with concrete walls on top. What are they and what do they do? A) They are levees and they hold in floodwaters B) They are drains and they drain water.

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21) Which of the following not caused by land subsidence

21) Which of the following is not caused by land subsidence or soil volume change? A) Water pollution B) Building collapse C) Disease D) Coastal flooding E) Loss of wetlands 22) Which of the following statements about sinkholes is not true? A) Sinkholes are common in Florida B) Sinkholes are usually found in remote and swampy areas C) Sinkholes.

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51) How good weather forecasters at predicting severe winter weather? A)

51) How good are weather forecasters at predicting severe winter weather? A) They can usually predict the type of precipitation, but predicting the exact amount of snow or ice is difficult B) They can predict both the type of precipitation and the amounts very accurately C) They can predict amounts of rain very.

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41) Which of the following a way in which communities

41) Which of the following is a way in which communities can prepare for a hurricane? A) Install accurate warning systems B) Plan and publicize evacuation routes C) Make flooding insurance available to potential victims D) Use effective building designs for structures in the hurricane zone E) All of the above are ways in which.

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11) How does the presence of mountains increase wildfire incidence

11) How does the presence of mountains increase wildfire incidence or intensity? A) Air dries as it descends down mountains B) Mountains circulate winds causing fires to move more quickly C) Fires moving upslope preheat materials ahead of fire making them easier to burn D) Drier materials are found on slopes that face sunlight.

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61) Cyclones can dramatically increase the amount of coastal erosion

61) Cyclones can dramatically increase the amount of coastal erosion that takes place. 62) Extratropical cyclones are associated with both blizzards and thunderstorms. 63) The destruction of sand dunes can increase the damage from cyclones on a coastline. 64) Computer models and satellites make it unnecessary for aircraft to collect hurricane data from.

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1) Were there wildfires before humans? (Choose the best answer) A)

1) Were there wildfires before humans? (Choose the best answer) A) Yes, but they were very small because they had natural causes B) Yes and they were caused by natural igniters like lightning strikes or asteroid impact C) No. Humans are the only cause of wildfires D) No. There weren't trees before humans and.

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41) Can humans just adapt to climate change? A) No. The

41) Can humans just adapt to climate change? A) No. The effects will be too great for us to handle B) No. Humans are not adaptable creatures C) Maybe. It depends on how great the temperature change is D) Yes. The climate isn't expected to change enough to affect humans E) Yes. Depending on the.

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31) Which of the following a form of soft stabilization? A)

31) Which of the following is a form of soft stabilization? A) Jetties B) Breakwaters C) Seawalls D) Beach nourishment E) Groins 32) Which of the following hard stabilizations is built in an effort to protect boats in the harbor? A) Jetties B) Breakwaters C) Seawalls D) Beach nourishment E) Groins 33) Which of the following hard stabilizations are built parallel to.

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21) Which of the following a good reason for a

21) Which of the following is a good reason for a prescribed burn? A) Too much fuel is available and needs to be removed to prevent a larger fire B) Animals that are invading a habitat need to be moved to another location C) Shrubland needs to be cleared for new housing D) Vegetation.

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51) Tropical disturbances for the Atlantic Ocean caused by Easterly

51) Tropical disturbances for the Atlantic Ocean are caused by Easterly Waves off of the coast of Africa. 52) Before they become hurricanes, they start out as tropical depressions and then tropical storms. 53) Hurricanes usually dissipate when they make landfall due to the increased friction of the land. 54) Extratropical cyclones usually.

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31) What storm surge? A) A large amount of rainfall B) A

31) What is storm surge? A) A large amount of rainfall B) A large increase in sea level C) A large amount of wind D) A sudden increase in rainfall E) A sudden increase in wind 32) Which of the following will not affect the amount of storm surge on a coastline? A) Fetch B) Atmospheric pressure C) Shape.

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21) What our best option if an asteroid was detected

21) What is our best option if an asteroid was detected and closing in on an impact with Earth? A) Blow it up in space before it enters our atmosphere B) Divert it so that it doesn't collide with Earth C) Blow it up in our atmosphere to break it up D) Send the.

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41) Objects in the open ocean move around in circles

41) Objects in the open ocean move around in circles due to waves, mostly returning to their original positions. 42) Waves break when reach shallow water because their amplitude grows too large. 43) Swells refer to the trough of the wave. 44) Waves approaching an irregular shoreline speed up and break when they.

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31) Craters formed by meteorites unique from craters formed by

31) Craters formed by meteorites are unique from craters formed by other processes. 32) Impact craters are much more common on the moon than here on Earth. 33) Impact craters on Earth are really hard to find because they may be buried on the ocean floor or by sediment on land. 34) Extinctions.

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51) There nothing that can make the global sea level

51) There is nothing that can make the global sea level change. 52) Climate and Tectonic processes are the main contributors to Relative Sea Level change. 53) Relative Sea Level fluctuates constantly throughout the day. 54) Rip currents are currents that pull objects away from the shore rather than towards it. 55) Rip currents.

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1) Which of the following a statement of climate as

1) Which of the following is a statement of climate as compared to weather? A) Today it is cloudy and raining B) Rainfall amounts were above average this month C) The winters here are dry and warm D) The temperature will rise during the next week E) It is 56 degrees F and sunny 2) What.

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1) Which of the following a good description of Heat

1) Which of the following a good description of Heat Energy? A) Energy attributed to the motion of particles that make up a material B) Energy transferred between objects at different temperatures C) Energy that can be monitored by a thermometer D) Energy that can cause a change in state as from a liquid.

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51) The bed load of a stream usually the heaviest

51) The bed load of a stream is usually the heaviest load that the stream can carry. 52) A narrower river usually runs faster than a wider one. 53) A flooded river has a greater discharge, but a smaller velocity. 54) An alluvial fan is usually found at the base level of rivers. 55).

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31) Which of the following adverse effects of natural hazards

31) Which of the following adverse effects of natural hazards is not associated with flooding? A) Pollution B) Disease C) Destruction of buildings D) Land upheaval E) Economic loss 32) Which of the following will not affect the damage from a flood? A) People's use of the floodplain B) Season of the year the flooding occurs C) Type of.

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1) What soil? A) Any solid earth material that can support

1) What is soil? A) Any solid earth material that can support rooted plants B) Any dark material on earth's surface C) Decayed plant material D) Small bits of cooled magma from the beginning of the earth's formation E) All of the above describe soil 2) Where does the majority of soil originate from? A) It comes.

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11) What the correct order of Tropical Cyclone development (least

11) What is the correct order of Tropical Cyclone development (least to most developed)? A) Tropical Depression, Tropical Disturbance, Tropical Storm, Hurricane B) Tropical Storm, Tropical Depression, Tropical Disturbance, Hurricane C) Tropical Disturbance, Tropical Depression, Tropical Storm, Hurricane D) Hurricane, Tropical Depression, Tropical Storm, Tropical Disturbance E) Hurricane, Tropical Storm, Tropical Disturbance, Tropical Depression 12) Why.

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21) How does the Antarctic Ice give us information about

21) How does the Antarctic Ice give us information about climate? A) Bubbles trapped in the ice contains prehistoric atmosphere B) Ice, when melted, can be chemically analyzed to determine composition C) The ice is composed of layers of ice that was deposited at different times giving a chronology D) Amount of ice can.

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11) Which of the following will not cause mass extinctions? A)

11) Which of the following will not cause mass extinctions? A) Plate Tectonics B) Volcanic Activity causing global cooling C) Volcanic Activity causing global warming D) Extraterrestrial impact E) All of the above may cause mass extinctions 12) Why did scientists FIRST hypothesize that extraterrestrial impact caused the extinction at the K-T Boundary? A) They found evidence.

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11) What causes glaciation? A) Changing position of the continents B) Change

11) What causes glaciation? A) Changing position of the continents B) Change in the Earth's precession C) Change in the Earth's orbit D) Change in the Earth's tilt E) All of the above play some role, but none are the cause. 12) What is the difference between a glacial and interglacial period? A) Glacial periods are longer.

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11) What humidity? A) A measure of how warm it outside B)

11) What is humidity? A) A measure of how warm it is outside B) A measure of how much water vapor there is in the air C) A measure of how much molecules are moving in the air D) A measure of how many clouds there are in the area E) A measure of how.

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71) A dryline an area of low humidity where thunderstorms

71) A dryline is an area of low humidity where thunderstorms cannot form. 72) Supercells are the longest lasting severe thunderstorm type. 73) Hail is usually associated with winter storms that produce sleet and freezing rain. 74) In the Shrinking Stage of tornado development the tornado gets smaller in diameter and actually increases.

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21) What the stage of a river? A) The amount of

21) What is the stage of a river? A) The amount of water that flows B) The height of water that is flowing C) The age of the river D) The elevation of the river E) The size of the river 22) What is a hydrograph? A) Graph of cross-sectional area vs. stage B) Graph of stage vs..

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41) How a blizzard defined? A) In terms of wind speeds

41) How is a blizzard defined? A) In terms of wind speeds and visibilities B) In terms of wind speed and amounts of snow C) In terms of amounts of snow and freezing rain D) In terms of temperature and atmospheric pressure E) In terms of amounts of snow and temperature 42) What is the difference.

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1) Why East Coast beaches wider and sandier in general

1) Why are East Coast beaches wider and sandier in general than West Coast beaches? A) The East Coast is nearer to a convergent boundary B) The East Coast is nearer to a subduction zone C) The East Coast is not near a convergent plate boundary D) The East Coast is nearer to a.

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61) Living near a dam very safe because you will

61) Living near a dam is very safe because you will never have to worry about flooding. 62) Construction of levees can actually make floods worse in areas up and downstream from the construction. 63) Rivers normally stay in a state of dynamic equilibrium between their flow velocity and their gradient and.

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21) What type of front has cold air moving into

21) What type of front has cold air moving into warm air? A) Cold front B) Warm front C) Stationary front D) Occluded front E) All of the above 22) What type of front involves fast moving thunderstorms and severe weather? A) Cold front B) Warm front C) Stationary Front D) Occluded Front E) None of the above 23) If.

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1) Which way do winds around a Low Pressure in

1) Which way do winds around a Low Pressure in the Northern Hemisphere blow? A) Clockwise B) Counter-clockwise C) Northeast D) Northwest E) Landward 2) Which of the following is not true of Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones? A) Tropical cyclones form over warm water, Extratropical cyclones form over land or water B) Tropical cyclones form at latitudes around.

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41) Slopes that have been cleared of native grasses and

41) Slopes that have been cleared of native grasses and other vegetation become more stable. 42) Snow avalanches usually move down chutes that have previously produced avalanches, making it easier to predict where an avalanche will occur. 43) Landslides can be a positive event for forests by creating new habitats for plants.

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11) Which of the following the most important driving force

11) Which of the following is the most important driving force in landslide? A) Weight B) Friction C) Cohesion D) Viscosity E) Shear strength 12) Would adding mass to the top of a slope in the form of houses or buildings make the mass or less likely to slide? A) It would make it less likely to.

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31) All slopes have potential for mass wasting of some

31) All slopes have potential for mass wasting of some type. 32) One indication of a rock fall is an accumulation of rocks called talus. 33) Rotational slides, or slumps, usually occur along with small flows at the base. 34) The type of mass wasting process that occurs depends on many different factors.

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31) Global warming expected to increase both the frequency and

31) Global warming is expected to increase both the frequency and intensity of wildfires. 32) Wildfires decrease the possibility of landslides because they burn off most of the vegetation on the hillsides. 33) Most animals are able to escape from the actual flames of a wildfire, but are harmed by destruction to.

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