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21. Which of the following prohibits religious discrimination in employment? A. Fair Labor Standards Act B. 42 U.S.C. 1983 C. Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII D. Equal Pay Act 22. Which of the following is not a justification for having residency requirements for criminal justice employees? A. To ensure officers have close personal ties.
6. To make an arrest without a warrant, there must be exigent circumstances and the officer must have at least reasonable grounds to arrest. 7. Police may randomly stop a vehicle to check the driver’s license and registration. 8. During a traffic stop, a police officer finds illegal drugs in the vehicle..
11. In a small space like a car, officers can reasonably infer a(n) ___________ among driver and passengers, and have probable cause to suspect that drugs belong to any or all of them. A. common agreement B. common enterprise C. need to escape D. injudicious plan 12. According to the Supreme Court, in high-risk situations,.
11. The police have a general duty to protect the public from harm and can be sued under Section 1983 for failing to prevent an individual from being injured during a violent event. 12. The police generally are not liable if an offender commits suicide while in police custody. 13. The police.
Chapter 8 Fill in the Blank 1. __________ means that the police will treat all persons with dignity and in a lawful manner. 2. _________ ethics refers to the fact that what one person may consider ethical behavior may be considered highly unethical by another person. 3. Noble cause corruption stems from Packer’s.
11. __________ material is evidence favorable to the accused that is in the government’s possession and must be disclosed to the accused. 12. Officers’ activities on ______________ sites may be restricted by departmental policy. 13. The two principal areas in which discipline is applied are ___________ and _____________. 14. If a complaint is.
5. Explain five of the areas (e.g., residency, moonlighting) in which the police—by virtue of the higher standards of conduct placed on them by society—have constitutional limitations placed on their actions. .
6. The exception to the exclusionary rule doctrine applies in cases of immediate necessity. A. inevitability of discovery B. probable cause C. good faith D. public safety 7. Even though the Christian Burial Speech was found to violate the defendant’s rights, evidence concerning the location and condition of the victim’s body was admitted at trial.
6. Attaching a __________ device to a suspect’s vehicle without a search warrant is a violation of the Constitution. 7. A _______ search is a legal warrantless search conducted when a citizen waives his or her Fourth Amendment rights and permits the search. 8. The _______________ Amendment includes the right against self-incrimination. 9..
3. Define biased-based policing, and explain why it is such a volatile issue as well as what measures are being undertaken by police agencies to measure and deal with it. 4. List and describe several of the blue-coat crimes as developed by Stoddard. .
2. Match the blue-coat crime with its definition. 1. Mooching a. Failing to behave impartially toward minority group members or others who have little influence in city hall 2. Perjury b. Demanding free products or discounts from civilians 3. Shakedown c. Receiving payoffs or protection money 4. Favoritism d. Providing an alibi for a fellow officer who was.
11. Before an officer can be held liable for breaching a duty of care, the plaintiff must show that the officer’s conduct was the __________ of the injury or damage. 12. Police generally are not liable for __________ conduct on the part of a detainee that results in injury to that.
16. A warrantless search incident to a lawful arrest can include a search of: A. the entire house in which the individual was arrested B. any vehicle owned by the arrested individual C. only the area within the arrested individual’s immediate control D. the house in which the individual was arrested and any attached.
Accountability: Ethics, Use of Force, Corruption, and Discipline Chapter 8 Multiple-choice 1. _______ means that the police will treat all people with dignity and respect and in a lawful manner. A. Ethics B. Character C. Accountability D. None of the above 2. _____________ ethics is more complicated and can have a multitude of sides, with varying shades.
Chapter 8 Essay 1. Define ethics, including the two types of police ethics. 2. Explain what is meant by noble cause corruption and the Dirty Harry problem, and relate them to Packer’s due process and crime control models of law enforcement. .
Chapter 9 Fill in the Blank 1. Civil litigation is expensive in terms of both money and officer _________. 2. A(n) _____________ lawsuit is one that lacks an arguable basis in law or fact. 3. Judicial decisions that rely on prior decisions made on similar issues are known as ____________. 4. Under the doctrine.
11. The case of ______________ provided indigent defendants with the right to counsel in capital cases. 12. ____________ was the most significant juvenile rights decision ever rendered. 13. In the case of In Re Winship, the Court held that the ___________ standard of proof was to be used in the juvenile courts. 14..
6. The __________ perspective proposes that the acceptance of minor gratuities begins a process eventually leading to more serious unethical conduct. A. successive ethics B. progressive perks C. conduct unbecoming D. slippery slope 7. Which of the following is not a legitimate responsive form of force recognized in the United States? A. The right to apprehend.
2. Match the type of immunity to its description. 1. Absolute immunity a. States cannot be sued in federal court 2. Sovereign immunity b. Given to the police for violations of traffic laws committed while responding to an emergency situation 3. Qualified immunity c. Federal officials cannot be sued under Section 1983 4. Limited immunity d. Gives police.
3. Explain the Fourth Amendment’s provisions, focusing on the exclusionary rule and its protections, as well as arguments for and against its repeal. Include a discussion of the current trend regarding the illegal seizure of evidence. .
Chapter 7 Matching 1. Match the protection with the Amendment that provides it. 1. Protection against double jeopardy a. Fourth 2. The right to counsel at trial b. Fifth 3. Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures c. Sixth 4. The right to a speedy and public trial 5. The right to privacy 6. Protection against self-incrimination .
Civil Liability: Failing the Public Trust Chapter 9 Multiple-choice 1. Which of the following statements about civil litigation against the police is false? A. The cost of civil suits can be extremely high. B. Litigation can have beneficial effects. C. The majority of lawsuits against the police are frivolous in nature. D. Municipalities can purchase liability.
Chapter 9 Essay 1. Explain the costs and benefits of lawsuits against the police. 2. Define what is meant by a “frivolous” lawsuit. .
16. Under Brady, an officer’s prior misconduct must be disclosed to the accused if it is favorable to the accused, even if the misconduct did not occur during the officer’s involvement with the accused. 17. Police departments may develop policies limiting what officers may post on social networking sites even when.
26. How do police policies deal with the issue of social networking site usage by officers? A. Social networking policies generally prohibit officers from using social networking sites. B. Social networking policies generally limit what content officers are permitted to post on social networking sites. C. Social networking policies generally require officers to.
11. The literal meaning of police brutality refers to: A. physical abuse of citizens B. verbal abuse of citizens C. representing the Establishment’s law D. the police symbolizing brutality to the downtrodden 12. In 2007 the U.S. Supreme Court held that an officer’s attempt to end a high-speed car chase that threatens the lives of.
11. In the case of ____________, the Supreme Court applied Section 1983 to the police. A. Monroe v. Pape B. Gilliam v. Falbo C. Carmelo v. Miller D. Gideon v. Wainwright 12. In which case did the Supreme Court hold that a local unit of government could be held liable for the negligence by its.
2. Match the court case to its ruling 1. Terry v. Ohio a. Poor and illiterate defendants are entitled to the assistance of counsel in a capital case 2. Katz v. U.S. b. Automobiles may be searched if the police have probable cause for a search warrant and there are urgent circumstances requiring an.
22. Which of the following does not fall under the Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination? A. A witness is testifying in a civil case. B. A suspect is required to provide a blood sample that may help prove his guilt. C. A criminal defendant is questioned under oath in court. D. An individual is.
11. Union protections contributed to a reduction in police corruption, probably because the union does not condone corruption among members. 12. The environmental theory explains police corruption by suggesting it is the result of a small number of corrupt officers who probably had character defects prior to being hired. 13. Internal corruption.
6. Negligence arises when a police officer’s conduct: A. creates a danger to others B. fails to provide a service to the public C. damages municipal property D. violates a citizen’s constitutional rights 7. A police officer attacks and physically injures a citizen without provocation. Which of the following statements regarding this act is false? A..
6. Shouting slurs and epithets at citizens is an example of ___________ police brutality. 7. With respect to bias-based policing, the best defense for the police may be ____________. 8. According to the model of circumstantial corruptibility, the level of corruptibility is determined by the role of the ______. 9. ________ drug corruption.
26. Failure to protect claims against police most frequently involve: A. victims of natural disasters B. battered women C. abused children D. victims of white collar crimes 27. During routine nonemergency vehicle patrol activities, the police: A. are governed by the state statutes covering emergency vehicles B. have limited immunity for violations of traffic laws C. are held.
Chapter 9 Matching 1. Match the action to the type of tort. 1. An officer illegally searches a home, violating the homeowner’s Fourth Amendment protections against unreasonable searches and seizures a. Negligence 2. An officer drives a police car while under the influence of alcohol and is involved in a car crash b. Intentional tort 3..
Chapter 9 True-false 1. Civil lawsuits against the police can have beneficial effects. 2. In legal terms, a frivolous lawsuit is one that lacks legal merit. 3. Frivolous lawsuits against the police are quite common because people are trying to get revenue from the officer or department. 4 A Bivens tort allows plaintiffs to.
16. Police supervisors can be held liable for the actions of their employees only if they were actively involved in the misconduct engaged in by the employees. 17. Police supervisors can be sued by the officers they supervise. 18. Police can be liable for damages to computer data seized during the investigation.
16. Unlike Section 1983, U.S. Code Title 18, Section 242 provides for ____________ actions against police officers. A. civil B. criminal C. negligence D. tort 17. A departmental failure to develop adequate policies and guidelines for officers is an example of negligent: A. supervision B. training C. retention D. performance 18. Which of the following is not an area in.
26. In , the Supreme Court said a suspect should have counsel present during interrogation. A. Schneckloth v. Bustamonte B. Miranda v. Arizona C. Massiah v. U.S. D. Escobedo v. Illinois 27. The Supreme Court has held that the __________ Amendment protection against double jeopardy does apply to juveniles. A. Fourth B. Fifth C. Sixth D. Eighth 28. The doctrine.
Chapter 8 Matching 1. Match the actions an officer may take against a suspect with the level of suspect resistance, according to the DRRM. 1. The officer may use verbal commands a. Dynamic resistance 2. The officer may use pressure points b. No resistance 3. The officer may use a firearm c. Passive resistance 4. The officer may.
4. Identify the five main types of searches that may be conducted without a warrant. Explain what is required for each type of search and discuss the pros and cons of conducting each type of search. Why do the police conduct so many searches without a warrant? 5. Explain the major.
6. Section ______________ lawsuits provide civil rights protection to citizens whose constitutional rights are violated by police officers. 7. Off-duty police officers can be sued in civil court if they are acting ___________. 8. Title 18, Section 242 of the U.S. Code allows officers to be held ________ liable for misconduct. 9. A.
6. Title 42, Section 1983 of the U.S. Code was originally designed to provide a way to appeal to the federal courts in cases of alleged violations of civil rights. 7. Section 1983 suits cannot be filed against judges and prosecutors. 8. Because they cannot act under color of law when off.
16. The most important factor influencing how much graft police officers receive is: A. the character of the individual officer B. the type of assignment the officer is given C. the rank of the individual officer D. the branch of the department to which the individual officer is assigned 17. Which of the following is.
Chapter 8 True-false 1. Accountability can include police officers treating all persons with dignity and respect, and in a lawful manner. 2. Absolute ethics is a concept wherein an issue only has two sides: Something is good or bad, black or white. 3. Packer’s due process model of law enforcement holds that repression.
21. Proximate cause is established by: A. determining whether there was a special relationship creating a duty of care on the part of the officer B. asking the suspect to write out a formal statement of his or her involvement in the crime C. the level of supervision provided by the department to.
6. Describe the U.S. Supreme Court’s rulings on drug testing for law enforcement personnel. 7. Explain the process that a police agency should have in place for receiving and investigating citizen complaints. .
Chapter 7 Essay 1. List and explain the three principles that establish the rule of law. .
Chapter 7 True-false 1. Under the rule of law in the United States, the ends are more important than the means. 2. The Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. 3. “Probable cause” is more than actual knowledge, but is less than a mere hunch that a crime occurred. 4. The exclusionary rule.
2. Define duty of care, special relationship, and proximate cause in the context of police liability. 3. Explain how police facilities may bring about police liability. .
6. Based on the dynamic resistance response model, a police officer is justified in using deadly force against a suspect who is aggressively resistant. 7. Police brutality is a racial matter that primarily involves white police officers and black victims. 8. Bias-based policing involves unequal treatment based on race. 9. African Americans are.
