Astronomy Expert Answers & Study Resources : Page 3

61.Sunspots are dark becauseA.regions of the photosphere are obscured by material in the chromosphere.B.shock waves move through the photosphere.C.the sun rotates differentially.D.the strong magnetic field inhibits the currents of hot gas rising from below.E.they radiate their energy into space faster than the rest of the photosphere. 62.The centers of granulesA.are hot.

21.Jupiter and Saturn emit ____ heat than absorbed from the Sun due to _____ is the result of____A.excess; nuclear reactions in their liquid metallic hydrogen cores.B.less; nuclear fusion of hydrogen to helium in their liquid metallic hydrogen cores.C.excess; heat left over from their formationD.less; heat left over from their formation 22.The.

11.____ in Saturn's rings is/are produced by the gravitational interaction of Mimas with the particles in the rings and appears as a large ____ in the rings.A.Cassini’s division; gapB.Cassini’s division; clumpC.Moons; gapD.Moons; clump 12.The fresh newly created surfaces of icy satellites of Jovian planetsA.appear dark in color with few impact craters.B.appear.

11.The ____ of a star is a measure of the total energy radiated by the star in one second.A.colorB.apparent visual magnitudeC.luminosity classD.spectral typeE.luminosity 12.The star named Sheat is of M2 II spectral type and luminosity class. Based on this information, which of the following are true? I. Sheat has a surface temperature less.

41.Europa has few craters becauseA.it is protected from impacts by Jupiter's gravity.B.it does not have a solid surface.C.it has erased craters nearly as fast as they have formed.D.its surface is not strong enough to support craters.E.it keeps one face always pointed toward Jupiter which screens it from incoming meteorites. 42.Saturn's atmosphere.

53.The oldest objects found so far in our solar system are Earth rocks that are 3.9 billion years old. 54.The Jovian planets have lower average densities than the terrestrial planets. 55.The original cloud from which the sun and planets formed had a composition rich in hydrogen and helium. 56.The present motions of the.

21.The absorption lines in the visible portion of the spectrum of a star that are produced by hydrogen are from theA.Lyman series.B.Balmer series.C.Paschen series.D.isotopes of hydrogen.E.ions of hydrogen. 22. Star Name Spectral Type a For F8 o Cet M7 35 Ari B3 g Tri A0 x Per O7 The table lists the spectral types for each of five stars. Which star in this.

21.The presence of vesicular basalts among the lunar rock samples shows thatA.the lunar surface was fragmented by meteorite impacts.B.volcanism did not occur on the moon.C.the crust must have been made of anorthosite.D.molten lava once flowed over the lunar surface.E.the moon was once hit by a very large meteorite. 22.Compared to the.

31.We can be sure the particles in the rings of Neptune are very small becauseA.the rings are faint in forward scattered light.B.the rings are bright in forward scattered light.C.only small particles are produced in comet impacts with larger moons.D.the magnetic field of Neptune would quickly force large particles out of.

47.The ____________________ planets have larger radii than the ____________________ planets. 48.The adding of material an atom at a time to create a solid grain or flake is the process of ____________________. 49.The description large somewhat dirty snowball model fits the physical structure of ____________________. 50.The diagram below shows the radioactive decay of cesium.

56.The parallax of the star 75 Leo is 0.10 and its apparent visual magnitude is +5.18. The absolute visual magnitude of 75 Leo is ____________________. 57.A G2 I star is ____________________ in diameter and ____________________ luminous than the sun. 58.____________________ can be used to determine the distance to a star when the.

1.Which of the following is NOT one of the four stages in the development of a terrestrial planet?A.floodingB.crateringC.slow surface evolutionD.fusion of hydrogen to heliumE.differentiation 2.That Earth ____ , evidence that Earth differentiated.A.rotates slowlyB.has an average density that is higher than the density of the crustC.has a no magnetic fieldD.has a surface.

96.Blue stars are hotter than red stars.97.Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons.98.Hydrogen alpha is the longest wavelength Balmer line.99.An absorption spectrum is also called a bright line spectrum.100.The Doppler effect is sensitive only to motion along the line of sight.101.An atom that has lost an.

95.Outgassing produces gas rich in carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor. 96.Radar maps of Venus show impact craters. 97.Valles Marineris is a long valley on Mars believed to resemble the rift valleys of eastern Africa. 98.The canals of Mars were eventually found to be crustal faults. 99.The size of Olympus Mons suggests that the.

31.Segmented mirrors sag under their own weight. Their optical shape must be controlled by computer-driven thrusters under the mirrors in what is calledA.an achromatic lens.B.active optics.C.a Schmidt-Cassegrain design.D.a Newtonian design.E.interferometry. 32.The pupil of the human eye is approximately 0.8 cm in diameter when adapted to the dark. The ratio of the.

71.SunspotsA.are cooler than their surroundings.B.are regions where material is rising from below the photosphere.C.are the result of convection.D.produce spicules.E.are generally found near the poles of the sun during sunspot maximum. 72.The ____ is (are) the hot gases that are the moving extension of the sun's corona.A.spiculesB.prominencesC.flaresD.supergranulesE.solar wind 73.The corona of the sun.

51.Most terrestrial planets have portions of their surface that appear to be significantly older than other portions of their surface. What evidence suggests that the surface of Venus is all of the same age?A.Photos taken by probes that landed on Venus showed that all of the rocks were of the.

31.Based on current observations, ____ has a heavy element core, and a very compressed liquid layer and atmosphere both made mostly of hydrogen.A.JupiterB.PlutoC.VenusD.an asteroidE.a meteor 32.If a star is found with five planets orbiting it, and a process like that described in the solar nebula theory formed the planets, which of.

21.If we can solve the orbital motion of an eclipsing binary, we can findA.the mass of each star.B.the diameter of each star.C.the distance to the binary.D.all of the aboveE.both a and b 22.Which of the following kinds of stars best obey the mass-luminosity relation?A.main sequence starsB.giant starsC.supergiant starsD.white dwarfsE.all of the.

61.Jupiter radiates less heat than it absorbs from the sun. 62.Jupiter's interior is mostly liquid helium. 63.Jupiter's intense magnetic field traps high-energy particles from the solar wind and forms a radiation belt around the planet. 64.Both Jupiter and Saturn contain liquid metallic hydrogen. 65.Jupiter's ring is composed of particles of frozen ice. 66.Saturn's belts and.

41.What is the order of star colors with increasing temperature?A.Red, Yellow, BlueB.Blue, Red, YellowC.Red, Blue, YellowD.Yellow, Red, BlueE.Blue, Yellow, Red 42.The energy of a photon is proportional to the light'sA.wavelength.B.speed.C.frequency.D.intensity.E.two of the above. 43.The bluer the light, the ____ each photon contains.A.more energyB.less energyC.less speedD.more speedE.none of the above 44.Each element has its.

1.Absolute zero isA.zero degrees Celsius.B.the temperature at which atoms have no remaining energy from which we can extract heat.C.the temperature at which water freezes.D.both a and cE.none of the above 2.The neutral hydrogen atom consists ofA.one proton and one neutron.B.one proton.C.one proton, one neutron, and one electron.D.one proton and one electron.E.an.

1.Both Jupiter and SaturnA.have liquid metallic hydrogen in their interiors.B.have rings.C.emit more energy than they absorb from the sun.D.have belt and zone circulation.E.all of the above 2.At Jupiter's very center is a core of A.heavy element (molten rock and iron) coreB.heliumC.hydrogenD.Both A and B 3.In terms of mass, Jupiter is made mostly.

93.The ____________________ shows that sunspots are associated with magnetic activity. 94.The study of the oscillations of the surface and interior of the sun is known as ____________________. 95.The dynamo effect is believed to produce the ____________________ of the sun. .

54.The largest satellites of Jupiter are known as the ____________________ satellites. 55.Volcanism is apparent on many objects in the solar system. However, volcanic activity is known to be currently occurring only on Earth and Jupiter’s satellite____________________. 56.The one object in the solar system besides Earth suspected of currently having a liquid on.

106.Most of the visible light from the sun originates in the photosphere.107.In the sun, rising currents of hot gas below the photosphere cause granulation.108.Helioseismology is the study of the differential rotation and magnetic field of the sun.109.A filtergram is used to study layers below the photosphere.110.The chromosphere of the sun.

11.____ is the separation of material in a newly formed planet or asteroid according to density. This happens when the object becomes molten.A.AccretionB.DifferentiationC.CondensationD.OutgassingE.Sublimation 12.A newly formed planet or large asteroid becomes molten due to ______.A.the last infalling objectsB.decay of radioactive element isotopesC.Both of the aboveD.None of the above. Newly formed planets.

21.The age of the solar system is believed to be approximately 4.6 billion years based on the data fromA.samples of lunar rocks.B.samples of Earth rocks.C.samples of meteorites.D.all of the aboveE.none of the above 22.Once a terrestrial planet had formed from a large number of planetesimals, heat could have melted it and.

85.The first Apollo missions to the moon found the maria to be plains of solid lava. 86.Fragmenting during meteorite impacts caused the vesicular basalts found among the lunar samples. 87.Fragmenting during meteorite impacts caused the breccias found among the lunar samples. 88.The moon stopped evolving because it is too small to have kept.

11.An atom that is excitedA.is also ionized.B.is an isotope.C.has had its electron moved to the lowest energy level.D.can emit a photon when the electron moves to a lower energy level.E.can emit a photon when the electron moves to a higher energy level. 12.The lowest energy level in an atom isA.the absolute.

41.Use the chart below to answer the following question(s). Star d (pc) Parallax (sec of arc) SpectralType d Cen 0.026 B2 IV HR 4607 0.039 G8 III HR 4758 20 G0 V HD 39801 0.005 M2 I 9 CMa 2.5 A1 V Which star in the table is the closest to Earth?A.d CenB.HR 4607C.HR 4758D.HD 39801E.9 CMa 42.Use the chart below to answer the following question(s). Star d (pc) Parallax (sec of arc) SpectralType d.

70.The atmosphere of ____________________ contains acid compounds including sulfuric and hydrochloric acid. 71.The largest satellite orbiting a terrestrial planet is ____________________. 72.The terrestrial planet with the oldest surface is ____________________. 73.The terrestrial planet with the most moons is ____________________. 74.The terrestrial planet with the most effective greenhouse effect is ____________________. .

11.Far infrared astronomy must be done from high-flying aircraft becauseA.far infrared radiation is absorbed low in Earth's atmosphere.B.far infrared photons are quite energetic.C.far infrared telescopes are not very heavy.D.far infrared sources are very bright.E.none of the above 12.A ____ is a piece of glass with many small parallel lines etched on.

55.A(n) ____________________ telescope has an objective that is a lens. 56.Refracting telescopes suffer from ____________________ aberration. 57.The diagram below illustrates the layout and light path of a reflecting telescope of the ____________________ design. 58.A(n) ____________________ is used to measure the brightness and color of stars. 59.A wave on a lake is found to have.

75.The Earth never passed through the cratering stage in planetary development. 76.The central part of Earth's core is solid. 77.The oldest parts of Earth's crust are located along the midocean rifts. 78.Earth's magnetic field is generated in the iron rich mantle. 79.Volcanism can occur in a midocean rift, above a hot spot in the.

31.That the moon has no magnetic field implies thatA.the moon is spinning too slowly to produce a magnetic field.B.the interior of the moon is too hot to produce a magnetic field.C.the crust of the moon is so thick that the magnetic field can not get out of the interior.D.the moon's.

51.Much of the solar wind comes from ____ where the magnetic field does not loop back into the sun.A.prominencesB.coronal holesC.spiculesD.granulationE.auroras 52.____ about 130 km above Earth's surface near the polar regions when energy in the solar wind guided by Earth's magnetic field excites gases in the upper atmosphere.A.Coronas occurB.Flares occurC.Auroras occurD.Coronal.

31.An eclipsing binary has been analyzed and it has been determined that the ratio of the mass of star A to the mass of star B is 6 and the total mass of the two stars is 26 solar masses. What are the masses of star A and star B?A.Star.

68.300 nm light has a lower frequency than 500 nm light. 69.The largest optical telescope ever constructed was a refracting telescope. 70.X-rays easily penetrate Earth's atmosphere and reach the ground from space. 71.Light can behave as a particle or as a wave. 72.The amount of energy a photon carries depends on its wavelength. 73.Reflecting telescopes.

60.____________________ is responsible for absorbing ultraviolet radiation in Earth's upper atmosphere. 61.In the diagram below label each of the major divisions of Earth's interior. 62.____________________ waves are seismic waves that do not travel through Earth's liquid core.or 63.The separation between Africa and Arabia is a(n) ____________________ valley. 64.The ____________________ hypothesis for the formation of.

21.Photons of blue lightA.have a greater energy than photons of red light.B.have a greater energy than photons of ultraviolet light.C.have a lower frequency than photons of red light.D.have a longer wavelength than photons of red light.E.travel at a greater speed than photons of red light. 22.Which of the following types of.

1.The iron in our solar system was created from smaller mass atomic nuclei in ______.A.the EarthB.our sunC.JupiterD.the Big BangE.supernovas 2.The hydrogen in our solar system was created from subatomic particles in ______.A.the EarthB.our sunC.JupiterD.the Big BangE.supernovas 3.The oldest rocks found on Earth are about ____ years old.A.14 billionB.10.5 billionC.7.0 billionD.3.9 billion 4.An extrasolar.

31.The radiation emitted from a star has a maximum intensity at a wavelength of 300 nm. What is the temperature of this star?A.300 KB.100 KC.900,000,000 KD.90,000 KE.10,000 K 32.At what wavelength would a star radiate the greatest amount of energy if the star has a surface temperature of 60,000 K?A.50 nmB.500.

41.The graph below plots the escape velocity of each planet along the vertical axis and its surface temperature along the horizontal. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the gases plotted in the.

1.The hydrogen lines in spectral type A starsA.are most narrow for supergiants.B.are most narrow for main sequence stars.C.can not be used to estimate the luminosity of the star.D.are very weak and difficult to see.E.are useful in determining the apparent magnitude of the star. 2.Parallax would be easier to measure ifA.Earth's orbit.

67.A star whose parallax is 0.01 seconds arc is at a distance of 1000 pc. 68.The absolute magnitude of a star is the apparent magnitude it would have if it were 10 pc from Earth. 69.The location of a star in the HR diagram indicates its temperature and intrinsic brightness. 70.Absorption lines in.

41.The solar nebula theory is NOT able to explain which of the following observed characteristics of the solar system? Another theory would be needed.A.Common direction of rotation of the planets.B.Common direction of revolution of the planets.C.The formation of hydrogen atoms in the solar system from subatomic particles.D.The density of the.

41.What is the relationship between color and wavelength for light?A.Wavelength increases from blue light to red lightB.Wavelength decreases from blue light to red lightC.All colors of light have the same wavelength.D.Wavelength depends on intensity not color. 42.In which way does a photon of blue light NOT differ from a photon of.

11.Earth possesses few visible craters and the moon possesses many. This is becauseA.Earth formed later than the moon and, therefore hasn't encountered as many meteoroids.B.the moon doesn't have an atmosphere that could burn up many of the meteorites before impacting.C.erosion and plate tectonics have slowly removed evidence of past cratering.

83.In the diagram below, draw the transition that would emit a photon with the smallest wavelength. 84.The ____________________ of a star can be determined from its color. 85.The process of removing an electron from a stable nucleus is known as ____________________. 86.____________________ is a measure of the amount of energy due to the.