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41)In experimental research, the variable that the cause of change

    41)In experimental research, the variable that is the cause of change (the independent variable) must precede that which is changed (the dependent variable). This condition is called ________. A)reliability B)rapport C)random selection D)temporal priority 42)There is a high correlation between the number of Americans who pay income tax in the month of April and the.
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41)In experimental research, the variable that the cause of change
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13)List three leadership styles and briefly describe the characteristics of

  13)List three leadership styles and briefly describe the characteristics of each. Which style is the best one to adopt? 14) How did Solomon Asch conduct his classic experiment on group conformity? Why did many of the subjects in Solomon Asch's experiment give answers that they knew to be incorrect? 15) Discuss groupthink..
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13)List three leadership styles and briefly describe the characteristics of
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7)Discuss the consequences of dividing our world into in-groups and

  7)Discuss the consequences of dividing our world into in-groups and out-groups. 8)Identify an example of a small group. Explain how the size of this group effects its members’ attitudes and behaviors and what role leadership plays. 9)What is the "small world phenomenon"? How does this phenomenon relate to social networks?   .
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7)Discuss the consequences of dividing our world into in-groups and
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21)Patti Sue having difficulty adjusting to George, the new office

  21)Patti Sue is having difficulty adjusting to George, the new office supervisor. George is quite a "bean counter" and has shown a great deal of insensitivity toward everyone in the office. In view of this, what is the most likely course of action Patti Sue and the other office workers.
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21)Patti Sue having difficulty adjusting to George, the new office
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1)Human sexuality illustrates how a group's definitions of an act,

1)Human sexuality illustrates how a group's definitions of an act, and not the act itself, determines whether or not it is considered deviant. 2)Stigma, characteristics that discredit people, includes violations of norms of ability and violations of norms of appearance. 3)Sociologically, an act cannot be classified as deviance if it does not.
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1)Human sexuality illustrates how a group's definitions of an act,
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21)In which of the following settings would shaming be LEAST

  21)In which of the following settings would shaming be LEAST effective? A)the family B)a close knit society, such as the Amish C)a small religious cult D)a large inner-city neighborhood 22)Ritualistic procedures intended to humiliate norm violators and mark them as being moral outcasts of the group to which they once belonged are called ________. A)sanctions B)profiling C)degradation ceremonies D)stereotyping 23)The.
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21)In which of the following settings would shaming be LEAST
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6)What the advantage of using a stratified random sample over

  6)What is the advantage of using a stratified random sample over a sample gathered by selecting volunteers? 7)What is interviewer bias? 8)Why is it important to ask neutral questions while conducting sociological research? 9)Asking interview questions that direct the respondents’ answers is asking __________. 10)Why is participant observation also called fieldwork? 11)What does the term.
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6)What the advantage of using a stratified random sample over
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10)What an "oligarchy"?  According to Robert Michels, why do oligarchies

  10)What is an "oligarchy"?  According to Robert Michels, why do oligarchies develop in organizations? 11)What does it mean to humanize the work setting? How would functionalists, symbolic interactionists, and conflict theorists view the humanizing of a work setting? 12)What is worker empowerment? Provide an example. 13)Briefly summarize how fads in the corporate culture.
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10)What an "oligarchy"?  According to Robert Michels, why do oligarchies
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1)In Professor Jones' social problems course, the students interact freely

  1)In Professor Jones' social problems course, the students interact freely with one another, think of themselves as "Dr. J's class," and feel they are significant because of their mutual interest in social reform. Which concept best describes Dr. Jones' class? A)aggregate B)category C)social frame D)group 2)What term best applies to people who share a culture.
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1)In Professor Jones' social problems course, the students interact freely
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12)Why do bureaucracies practice goal displacement? 13)What three qualities that permanent

  12)Why do bureaucracies practice goal displacement? 13)What are three qualities that permanent voluntary associations (e.g., Boy Scouts, Kiwanis Club, the Democratic Party) share? 14)What characteristics would individuals who make up an organization's inner circle likely possess? 15)Why are organizations that are classified as oligarchies less likely to embrace change? 16)What did Rosabeth Moss Kanter.
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12)Why do bureaucracies practice goal displacement? 13)What three qualities that permanent
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41)The crime with the highest increase among women between 1992

  41)The crime with the highest increase among women between 1992 and 2008 was ________.  A) drug offenses B)car theft C)bank robbery D)murder 42)Based on the 2011 edition of the Statistical Abstract in the United States, the state with the lowest rate of violent crime in America is ________, while the state with the highest.
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41)The crime with the highest increase among women between 1992
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1)Compare and contrast the traditional society with the nontraditional society

  1)Compare and contrast the traditional society with the nontraditional society in reference to production, relationships, and evaluations of each system. 2)Discuss Weber's explanation of why capitalism thrived in Protestant countries but was rejected in countries dominated by Roman Catholics. 3)What do formal organizations and bureaucracies have in common? How are they different?   .
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1)Compare and contrast the traditional society with the nontraditional society
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21)There New York Yankee fans in every state in America,

  21)There are New York Yankee fans in every state in America, throughout Canada, and in nations all over the world. Sociologically, which concept best describes these fans?  A) They are a group. B)They are a social group. C)They are an aggregate. D)They are a category. 22)Nancy and Don took their children to the zoo while.
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21)There New York Yankee fans in every state in America,
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12)What the difference between a social network and a clique? 13)How

  12)What is the difference between a social network and a clique? 13)How did recent internet studies on social networking compare to Milgram’s 1967 conclusions? 14)How do social networks perpetuate inequality? 15)In what group is a coalition impossible? 16)What is the relationship between group size, intimacy, and stability? 17)What are the two types of leaders? 18)What are.
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12)What the difference between a social network and a clique? 13)How
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10)What secondary analysis? In terms of research, what documents? How

  10)What is secondary analysis? In terms of research, what are documents? How are these two methods different from the other research methods discussed in the chapter? 11)Identify and define the three conditions necessary for a change in one variable to be caused by another variable. 12)How is gender significant in sociological research?     .
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10)What secondary analysis? In terms of research, what documents? How
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1)What topics qualify as appropriate for sociological research? 2)What the eight

  1)What topics qualify as appropriate for sociological research? 2)What are the eight basic steps followed in scientific research? 3)In research, what is meant by replication? 4)What is the difference between a "sample" and a "random sample"? 5)What are the three ways to measure the "average" of a set of scores?     .
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1)What topics qualify as appropriate for sociological research? 2)What the eight
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7)List the six practices that can distort data, misrepresent answers,

  7)List the six practices that can distort data, misrepresent answers, or lead to fraudulent research. Briefly explain what each practice is. 8)How can interviewer bias create skewed results in sociological research? 9)How is participant observation research different from unobtrusive measures?     .
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7)List the six practices that can distort data, misrepresent answers,
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1)What the two qualities that members of a society must

  1)What are the two qualities that members of a society must share? 2)In the hunting and gathering society, what were the major social divisions on which social stratification was based? 3)In order of their historical occurrence, what are the seven types of societies? 4)What is the major difference in technology between the horticultural.
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1)What the two qualities that members of a society must
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1)hypothesis 2)operational definition 3)survey 4)population 5)random sample 6)sample 7)median 8)mean

  1)hypothesis 2)operational definition 3)survey 4)population 5)random sample 6)sample 7)median 8)mean 9)stratified random sample 10)fieldwork 11)rapport 12)generalizability 13)experimental group 14)control group 15)unobtrusive measures A)in a series of scores, the score that falls halfway between the top and bottom scores B)the collection of data by having people answer a series of questions C)a sample from selected subgroups of the target population in which everyone in those subgroups has an.
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1)hypothesis 2)operational definition 3)survey 4)population 5)random sample 6)sample 7)median 8)mean

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1)The idea that efficiency and practical results should dominate human

1)The idea that efficiency and practical results should dominate human affairs is referred to as "rationality." 2)According to Karl Marx, capitalism was responsible for breaking the bonds of tradition. 3)Weber discovered that countries dominated by the Roman Catholic faith were more likely to rely on the traditional orientation to life and less.
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1)The idea that efficiency and practical results should dominate human
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4)What the characteristics of bureaucracies? How does a university reflect

  4)What are the characteristics of bureaucracies? How does a university reflect these characteristics? 5)What is "McDonaldization"?  Describe some of its positive as well as negative consequences for social life. 6)Discuss the "ideal" versus the "real" bureaucracy. Does the ideal bureaucracy exist? Defend your answer.   .
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4)What the characteristics of bureaucracies? How does a university reflect
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31)Which phrase became synonymous with the research Stanley Milgram conducted

  31)Which phrase became synonymous with the research Stanley Milgram conducted on "the small world phenomenon"?  A) the world is a stage B)six degrees of separation C)society as the sum of its parts D)situations defined as real are real in their consequences 32)Milgram's experiment involving the "small world phenomenon" utilized two groups. He referred to.
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31)Which phrase became synonymous with the research Stanley Milgram conducted
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1)An approach to life in which there an emphasis rules,

  1)An approach to life in which there is an emphasis on rules, efficiency, and practical results is ________.  A) traditional orientation B)rationality C)utilitarianism D)empiricism 2)Which of the following communities would be most aligned with the rational approach to life? A)a twentieth-century tribal village in the Amazon River Basin B)a sixteenth-century community of peasants in Sherwood Forest C)a.
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1)An approach to life in which there an emphasis rules,
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4) Define a group and explain the differences between primary

  4) Define a group and explain the differences between primary and secondary groups. 5)Describe the social changes that resulted from the invention of the plow. 6)Did equality among the masses increase or decrease following the Industrial Revolution? Provide evidence to support your answer.     .
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4) Define a group and explain the differences between primary
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41)It believed by some sociologists that attempts to humanize the

  41)It is believed by some sociologists that attempts to humanize the workplace are simply ways to manipulate workers into cooperating in their own exploitation. This belief is most aligned with the ________ perspective.  A) functionalist B)symbolic interactionist C)conflict D)structuralist 42)One of the latest fads to build corporate teamwork and solidarity is the "cook-off." Which.
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41)It believed by some sociologists that attempts to humanize the
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16)What the four primary factors that affect how sociologists choose

  16)What are the four primary factors that affect how sociologists choose a research method? 17)What are unobtrusive measures? 18)Jim would like to conduct interviews with women who have been victims of rape. What could we suppose about the kind of responses he will get? 19)As dictated by the American Sociological Association, what are.
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16)What the four primary factors that affect how sociologists choose
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31)All of the following theories follow the principles of symbolic

  31)All of the following theories follow the principles of symbolic interactionism EXCEPT for which one?  A) differential association theory B)control theory C)labeling theory D)strain theory 32)The  ________ theory developed by Robert Merton is based on the idea that most people want to attain cultural goals, but not everyone has the legitimate means of achieving.
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31)All of the following theories follow the principles of symbolic
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11)Which distinguishing feature of Calvinism contributed to the rise of

  11)Which distinguishing feature of Calvinism contributed to the rise of capitalism?  A) the belief that money is the root of all evil B)the belief that man was naturally sinful C)the belief that heaven was a myth and there was no hereafter D)the belief that people were destined before birth for either heaven or.
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11)Which distinguishing feature of Calvinism contributed to the rise of
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11)Reference groups reserved for members of professional networks and utilized

  11)Reference groups are reserved for members of professional networks and are utilized almost exclusively by people with career aspirations. 12)Social networking, by definition, breaks down social inequality and leads to a more egalitarian society, regardless of the culture or the nature of the network. 13)The Internet is providing new opportunities through Facebook.
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11)Reference groups reserved for members of professional networks and utilized
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1)Why the relativity of deviance most aligned with the symbolic

  1)Why is the relativity of deviance most aligned with the symbolic interactionist perspective? 2)What is the relativity of deviance? 3)What is the relationship between norms and social order? 4)What is the major difference between psychological and sociological theories in explaining deviance? 5)In control theory, what is the difference between inner and outer controls?   .
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1)Why the relativity of deviance most aligned with the symbolic
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10) What was the conclusion reached by Stanley Milgram following

  10) What was the conclusion reached by Stanley Milgram following his small group phenomenon experiment involving "starters" and "targets"? What is the major criticism of the results reached by Milgram? 11)Stanley Milgram's small world experiment came to the remarkable conclusion that people in the United States are linked to all other.
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10) What was the conclusion reached by Stanley Milgram following
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31)The domination of organizations by a small, self-perpetuating elite called

  31)The domination of organizations by a small, self-perpetuating elite is called ________. A)the Thomas theorem B)the Protestant ethic C)the iron law of oligarchy D)the spirit of capitalism 32)By a narrow margin, Dr. Moreau was elected chair of the largest academic department at Faber College. She appointed faculty members who support her views to the most.
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31)The domination of organizations by a small, self-perpetuating elite called
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1)Napoleon Chagnon's visit to the Yanomamö tribe, where he observed

  1)Napoleon Chagnon's visit to the Yanomamö tribe, where he observed tribe members appearing naked in public, using hallucinogenic drugs, and letting mucus hang from their noses, is a good example of ________. A)nonconforming behavior B)the need for social sanctions C)the cultural relativity of deviance D)the need for absolute standards in defining deviance 2)Violations of norms.
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1)Napoleon Chagnon's visit to the Yanomamö tribe, where he observed
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11)The "dawn of civilization" most associated with which social revolution? A)domestication B)agricultural C)industrial D)information 1

  11)The "dawn of civilization" is most associated with which social revolution? A)domestication B)agricultural C)industrial D)information 12)Which of the following set the stage for the emergence of the earliest form of social inequality? A)the domestication revolution B)the horticultural society C)the Industrial Revolution D)the postindustrial society 13)Which sociologist suggested that gender inequality became more pronounced with the development of the plow, as.
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11)The "dawn of civilization" most associated with which social revolution? A)domestication B)agricultural C)industrial D)information 1
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11)Bureaucracies tend to perpetuate their existence, even after their initial

  11)Bureaucracies tend to perpetuate their existence, even after their initial purpose has been fulfilled, through a process called bureaucratic ritualism. 12)A classic example of goal displacement is the shift in NATO's mission from protecting Europe from a Soviet invasion to being a rapid deployment force to fight terrorism. 13)The common thread that.
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11)Bureaucracies tend to perpetuate their existence, even after their initial
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11)Which of the following theories of deviance LEAST associated with

  11)Which of the following theories of deviance is LEAST associated with sociobiology? A)intelligence theory: low intelligence leads to deviant and criminal behavior B)social learning theory: we learn deviance from our peers C)XYY" theory: the extra Y chromosome in males causes criminal behavior D)body type theory: people with muscular bodies are prone to be criminals 12)The.
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11)Which of the following theories of deviance LEAST associated with
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6)Why the postindustrial society also called the information society? 7)What the

  6)Why is the postindustrial society also called the information society? 7)What is the earliest explanation for the advent of the biotech society? 8)Why don't aggregates and categories qualify as social groups? 9)Why are secondary groups essential to the functioning of society? 10)What is the difference between a primary and secondary group? 11)What are some of.
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6)Why the postindustrial society also called the information society? 7)What the
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7)What an "ideal type" of bureaucracy, based Weber's interpretation of

  7)What is an "ideal type" of bureaucracy, based on Weber's interpretation of the term? 8)What are the dysfunctions of bureaucracies? 9)How do workers resist alienation? 10)What is the Peter principle? 11)Why does your author believe that a new form of social organization will soon replace the dominance of the burearcray?   .
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7)What an "ideal type" of bureaucracy, based Weber's interpretation of
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7) How do bureaucracies perpetuate themselves through goal displacement? Provide

  7) How do bureaucracies perpetuate themselves through goal displacement? Provide an example of goal displacement. 8)Discuss the history of voluntary associations and what motivates people to join this type of organization. 9)Discuss the seven functions of voluntary associations.     .
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7) How do bureaucracies perpetuate themselves through goal displacement? Provide
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Match the term with the definition. 1)traditional society 2)the rationalization of society 3)capitalism 4)formal

  Match the term with the definition. 1)traditional society 2)the rationalization of society 3)capitalism 4)formal organization 5)bureaucracy 6)"McDonaldization" of society 7)alienation 8)Peter principle 9)goal displacement 10)voluntary association 11)iron law of oligarchy 12)worker empowerment 13)humanizing a work setting 14)hidden corporate culture 15)cyberslacking A)a secondary group designed to achieve explicit objectives B)the adoption of new goals by an organization C)Robert Michel's term for the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated.
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Match the term with the definition. 1)traditional society 2)the rationalization of society 3)capitalism 4)formal
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1)In hunting and gathering societies, men routinely contributed the most

1)In hunting and gathering societies, men routinely contributed the most food to the group. 2)The domestication revolution was the immediate stimulus for the advent of the agricultural society. 3)The advent of the biotech society can be traced to the invention of the microchip in 1953. 4)The dawn of civilization is most associated with.
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1)In hunting and gathering societies, men routinely contributed the most
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1)What the four types of societies that would be most

  1)What are the four types of societies that would be most appropriately classified as traditional societies? 2)What are the three societies that would be most appropriately classified as nontraditional societies? 3)As it pertains to salvation, what was the philosophical view held by Calvinists? 4)What are formal organizations? 5)What are the five characteristics of bureaucracies.
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1)What the four types of societies that would be most
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41)In which group would there be the greatest number of

  41)In which group would there be the greatest number of relationships? A)a traditional marriage B)a panel of three C)the starting five on a basketball team D)the starting nine on a baseball team 42)A phenomenon of group dynamics that results in a decrease in one's willingness to help others as the size of the group increases.
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41)In which group would there be the greatest number of
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4)List the seven research methods used to gather data, and

  4)List the seven research methods used to gather data, and identify the major strengths and weaknesses of each approach. 5)Describe the difference between a "population" and a "sample." What is a "representative sample"? What is the best way to achieve representativeness in a sample? 6)What are the two ways researchers use to.
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4)List the seven research methods used to gather data, and
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1)group 2)pastoral society 3)horticultural society 4)agricultural society 5)primary group 6)secondary group 7)social network

  1)group 2)pastoral society 3)horticultural society 4)agricultural society 5)primary group 6)secondary group 7)social network 8)clique 9)group dynamics 10)coalition 11)instrumental leader 12)expressive leader 13)authoritarian leader 14)laissez-faire leader 15)groupthink   A)the social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together B)the alignment of some members of a group against others C)a society based on large-scale food production using plows drawn by animals D)a narrowing of thought by several people leading.
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1)group 2)pastoral society 3)horticultural society 4)agricultural society 5)primary group 6)secondary group 7)social network
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11)The text points out a number of high-profile examples of

  11)The text points out a number of high-profile examples of white-collar crime by large corporations for which violators never went to jail. 12)Crime "in the suites" (white collar crime) actually costs the American taxpayer more in terms of dollars lost than "crime in the streets." 13)Violent crime in America is rather consistent.
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11)The text points out a number of high-profile examples of
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