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21. The Office of ___________________ was created as part of

21. The Office of ___________________ was created as part of the Open Government Act of 2007 to serve as an ombudsperson and to mediate FOIA disputes as a nonexclusive alternative to litigation. 22. Explain the general principle about newsgathering that is illustrated by the case of Lawrence Matthews and his investigation.
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21. The Office of ___________________ was created as part of
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11. In ACLU of Florida v. Miami-Dade County School Board,

11. In ACLU of Florida v. Miami-Dade County School Board, a federal appellate court in 2009 held that the school board violated the First Amendment when it removed from school libraries particular books about Cuba. 12. The Leonard Law applies only in California. 13. In 2008, the Supreme Court of South Dakota.
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11. In ACLU of Florida v. Miami-Dade County School Board,
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6. A person who libel proof will have difficulty winning

6. A person who is libel proof will have difficulty winning a libel suit because A. of the fault rule. B. there is insufficient identification. C. he or she resides outside the court's jurisdiction. D. his or her reputation was seriously damaged even before the publication of the libel. 7. With the growth of the.
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6. A person who libel proof will have difficulty winning
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11. The Brandenburg test for incitement also commonly used in A.

11. The Brandenburg test for incitement is also commonly used in A. libel cases. B. invasion of privacy cases that involve the intrusion tort. C. obscenity cases. D. wrongful death actions aimed at the mass media. 12. The case of United States v. Bell involved a prior restraint on A. national security secrets. B. fraudulent tax advice. C..
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11. The Brandenburg test for incitement also commonly used in A.
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6. The 2009 appellate court ruling in Plame Wilson v.

6. The 2009 appellate court ruling in Plame Wilson v. Central Intelligence Agency best illustrates the point that A. government employees who sign secrecy agreements may be subject to prior restraints. B. community censorship of the speech of government employees is unconstitutional. C. jury nullification is a key problem in cases involving the.
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6. The 2009 appellate court ruling in Plame Wilson v.
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  6. The Congress has the authority to abolish every federal

  6. The Congress has the authority to abolish every federal court in the land, except for the U.S. Supreme Court, because A. the Congress is the supreme government institution because it represents the people. B. the Congress controls the federal budget, including the budget for the courts. C. the Constitution specifically calls for.
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  6. The Congress has the authority to abolish every federal
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20. Explain what the concept of "narrowing construction" means and

20. Explain what the concept of "narrowing construction" means and the circumstances under which courts might use it. 21. List the four different options that courts have when offered a case as precedent by an attorney for one of the parties in a lawsuit. 22. List three typical forms of judicial decrees.
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20. Explain what the concept of "narrowing construction" means and
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22. Identify three things that the Clery Act requires of

22. Identify three things that the Clery Act requires of all colleges and universities that participate in federal student-aide programs. 23. As discussed in the textbook, what is a major problem that occurs each year on college campuses across the country affecting student newspapers that only a few states have laws.
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22. Identify three things that the Clery Act requires of
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21. Several decades prior to the community censorship involving the

21. Several decades prior to the community censorship involving the Dixie Chicks in 2003, country music stations refused to play the songs of another female country music performer. As described in the textbook, who was the performer and what were the songs in question about? 22. Set forth the four components.
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21. Several decades prior to the community censorship involving the
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19. Set forth completely and accurately the rule created by

19. Set forth completely and accurately the rule created by the United States Supreme Court for determining when public school administrators may permissibly censor speech that appears in a school-sponsored newspaper. 20. In 2009, what was the policy change at Dover Air Force Base that was described in the textbook? 21. According.
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19. Set forth completely and accurately the rule created by
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11. Journalists who trespass subject to: A. civil liability B. criminal prosecution C.

11. Journalists who trespass are subject to: A. civil liability B. criminal prosecution C. both civil liability and criminal prosecution D. neither civil liability nor criminal prosecution 12. Since taking office in January 2009, President Barack Obama A. vowed to make government transparency and access to government records a priority. B. eliminated the problems with FOIA that.
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11. Journalists who trespass subject to: A. civil liability B. criminal prosecution C.
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1. The idea that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) should treat

1. The idea that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) should treat all Internet traffic and content similarly is best reflected by the concept known as A. access reciprocity. B. online equality. C. non-discriminatory web proliferation. D. net neutrality. 2. In Flynt v. Rumsfeld, a federal appellate court concluded that A. there is a constitutional right for journalists.
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1. The idea that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) should treat
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16. Lower courts have consistently ruled that persons married to

16. Lower courts have consistently ruled that persons married to or closely associated with public persons are also public persons for the purposes of libel action. 17. In libel law, a public controversy is defined as a controversy in which the resolution of the issues will affect a larger group of.
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16. Lower courts have consistently ruled that persons married to
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24. Identify the four factors articulated by a federal judge

24. Identify the four factors articulated by a federal judge in 2009 for determining whether a government agency as sufficient "control" over a document to render it an "agency record" for purposes of the federal Freedom of Information Act. 25. In general, explain how the courts have responded to the argument.
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24. Identify the four factors articulated by a federal judge
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11. A libelous comment may be answered with a libelous

11. A libelous comment may be answered with a libelous comment under the defense of right of reply. 12. A court trial is one government proceeding excluded from the application of qualified privilege. 13. The statute of limitations for libelous matter on the Internet begins the day the matter is first accessed.
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11. A libelous comment may be answered with a libelous
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11. In a private facts invasion of privacy case, courts

11. In a private facts invasion of privacy case, courts will always consider how a story was reported, as well as what information was reported. 12. While most courts in libel actions have rejected the notion of the involuntary public figure, courts have generally recognized this concept in privacy cases. 13. While.
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11. In a private facts invasion of privacy case, courts
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15. Places like prisons, military bases and utility poles typically

15. Places like prisons, military bases and utility poles typically are treated by courts to be designated public forums. 16. In 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court in Davis v. Federal Elections Commission struck down as unconstitutional a portion of the BCRA known as the __________ Amendment. 17. The speech at issue in.
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15. Places like prisons, military bases and utility poles typically
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  16. Juries sit in appellate court proceedings. 17. A justice who

  16. Juries sit in appellate court proceedings. 17. A justice who writes a __________ opinion may agree with the outcome and result reached by the majority opinion but may do so for different reasons or may write separately to emphasize a specific point not addressed in the majority opinion. 18. Common law.
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  16. Juries sit in appellate court proceedings. 17. A justice who
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6. In 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court in Citizens United

6. In 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court in Citizens United v. Federal Elections Commission A. upheld a law restricting the speech rights of candidates for President. B. upheld a law restricting spending by corporations on political advertising. C. declared unconstitutional a law restricting the speech rights of candidates for President. D. declared unconstitutional a.
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6. In 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court in Citizens United
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