Anatomy & Physiology Expert Answers & Study Resources

41) Kendra has been a professional chef for 20 years. Instead of following recipes step by step, she uses her experience to guide her cooking, adding a pinch of salt here, or a little extra oil there. Kendra's approach to cooking is an example of a. functional fixedness. b. a heuristic. c. a.

5) Scientists agree that a general intelligence underlies the specific abilities and talents measured by intelligence tests. a. True b. False 6) There is little scientific support for the idea that individuals have distinct learning styles. a. True b. False 7) The birth order effect on intelligence test scores is likely due to genetic factors. a. True b..

1) Cognition is a synonym for __________. a. perception b. learning c. thinking d. intelligence 2) Problem-solving methods that guarantee solutions if appropriate and properly executed are called __________. a. prototypes b. algorithms c. heuristics d. noncompensatory models 3) A formula is an example of a(n) __________. a. logarithm b. algorithm c. response set d. heuristic 4) Rules of thumb that do not guarantee a.

101) For most people, brain regions specifically involved in language are located in the _____________. a. limbic system b. left hemisphere c. right hemisphere d. brainstem 102) One way to investigate the way language is processed in the brain is to study patients with ________________, language disorders caused by damage to the brain structures that.

1) Many non-biologists mistake salamanders, a type of amphibian, for lizards. This is likely because salamanders share many features with most people's _________ for the category lizard. 2) According to the idea known as _________, the vocabulary and grammar of the language you speak can affect the way you think about.

51) A loose screw on the visor causes it to drop down while Ben drives; however, he keeps forgetting to take a screwdriver out to the car to fix it. When he notices the visor drop again, he reaches into his pocket for a dime he then uses to tighten.

46) The tendency to solve problems using procedures or strategies that worked in the past on similar problems is called a. the availability heuristic. b. the anchoring effect. c. a mental set. d. the representativeness heuristic. 47) When Howie's old girlfriend used to get upset with him, he could smooth things over by buying flowers.

91) You are learning Russian in preparation for a trip next summer. You have gotten to the point where you can sound out the words written in the Cyrillic alphabet, but you do not understand what any of the words mean. What element of the Russian language will you need.

66) According to your textbook, which of the following is true regarding the population-level increases in intelligence test scores over time? a. The increase indicates that children today are actually smarter than their parents were. b. The increase is due to the fact that people are better test takers, not that they.

1) Alfred Binet designed his famous test to measure innate intelligence. a. True b. False 2) A 10-year-old child with a mental age of 9 would have an IQ of 90. a. True b. False 3) The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is the most commonly used intelligence test used on adolescents and adults. a. True b. False 4).

a. How much a person knows b. The ability to think, understand, reason, and cognitively adapt to and overcome obstacles c. The score on an intelligence test d. The ability to quickly learn new material 2. Using the original formula for the intelligence quotient, an 8-year-old child with a mental age of 10 would.

21) What is a dominant characteristic of culture-free IQ tests? a. Minimal verbal skills are required. b. They feature a large number of items pertaining to the test taker's culture. c. They offer a large percentage of math-based questions to reduce the strain on language. d. They are always administered orally. 22) The cousin of.

2) Some researchers have used factor analysis to support the idea that there are multiple types of intelligences. Explain why evidence from head injuries, the existence of savants, and most people's everyday experiences with those around them also support the theory of multiple intelligences.     .

61) When using the availability heuristic, people tend to judge the probability of an event based on a. the need to be right, which makes it hard to listen to the available information with an open mind. b. statistical consideration of the frequency with which the event occurs in everyday life. c. the.

81) People who hold an incremental theory of intelligence believe a. that a person's intelligence is fixed and very difficult to change. b. that a person's intelligence is shaped by experience and effort. c. that there is only one type of intelligence. d. that there are multiple types of intelligences. 82) People who hold an.

71) What term do psychologists use to describe our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore evidence that might disprove it? a. confirmation bias b. convergent thinking c. availability heuristic d. representativeness heuristic 72) Agatha Harkness-Smythe is determined to ban guns in the United States. This is a controversial topic.

76) Kyle is buying a new mattress for his bed. Instead of spending hours or days finding the perfect mattress, Kyle buys the first mattress that is in his price range, and feels "comfortable enough." Kyle's behaviour is typical of a(n) _______________. a. maximizer b. heuristic thinker c. algorithmic thinker d. satisficer 77) Jenny is.

26) Which of the following is true about the relationship between the brain and intelligence scores? a. Brain size, but not the degree of convolution, is correlated with intelligence scores. b. The degree of convolution, but not brain size, is correlated with intelligence scores. c. Both the size and degree of convolution of.

16) Jack is a 10-month old who smiles every time his mother says words such as Mommy, puppy, bottle, blankie, and teddy. He also has learned to point at the object that is associated with the words she speaks. However, he has not yet been able to say the words.

56) When people make the conjunction fallacy, it is most likely because a. they are using an algorithmic approach. b. their judgment is being affected by an anchor. c. they are using the representativeness heuristic. d. they are just guessing randomly. 57) Which decision-making strategy involves making judgments of likelihood based on how well an.

6. The smallest units of language that convey meaning are known as: a. semantics. b. morphemes. c. phonemes. d. syntaxes. 7. Seth tells his friend that he got two tickets to a big concert next week, to which his friend replies, “Get out of town!” Because of the context, Seth knows his friend is expressing.

46) According to Robert Sternberg, ____________ is the ability to come up with new ways of solving problems. a. analytical intelligence b. creative intelligence c. practical intelligence d. general intelligence 47) According to Robert Sternberg, _______________ is best described as the ability to use information to address real-world problems. a. analytical intelligence b. creative intelligence c. practical intelligence d..

1) Which of the following is the best psychological description for intelligence? a. how creative a person is b. how much a person knows c. how well a person can understand, reason, and cognitively adapt to obstacles d. how "street smart" a person is 2) The average score on most IQ tests is a. 15. b. 100. c..

85) When Dweck and her colleagues taught _____________ views to a group of junior high students, they found that the group's grades _____________. a. entity; improved b. entity; worsened c. incremental; improved d. incremental; worsened 86) Stereotype threat refers to a. poor performance on IQ tests by minorities. b. the fear that poor performance on an IQ.

96) Lex is in the second grade. As part of a homework assignment, he is asked to write a sentence to describe a picture of a dog playing fetch. Lex writes the sentence, "Ball the dog has." Lex is clearly having trouble with ___________. a. phonemes b. morphemes c. pragmatics d. syntax 97) One interesting.

1) Alfred Binet's insight regarding a method of measuring achievement had an international impact in the twentieth century. What was the original purpose of his test and how did he quantify (measure) achievement? What scoring system did later researchers base on Binet's method, and how was it originally calculated?     .

56) Corrie is well liked by all her classmates. She has lots of friends and is always one of the first people chosen whenever there are group projects. According to Gardner, at which type of intelligence does Corrie likely excel? a. interpersonal b. intrapersonal c. naturalistic d. visuospatial 57) Marcos, a geology professor, has always.

16) What is the most commonly used intelligence for testing adolescents and adults? a. Standford-Binet b. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) c. Binet-Simon d. Raven's Progressive Matrices 17) The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale provides a Full Scale IQ measurement, but also breaks intelligence into which two indices? a. General Ability and Cognitive Proficiency b. Emotional Intelligence and.

6) Binet and Simon measured children using what new concept? a. divergent thinking b. mental set c. mental age d. creativity 7) Binet and Simon originally developed their famous test to a. identify children who might have difficulty in school. b. identify gifted children. c. measure the intelligence of adults. d. measure the intelligence of normal children. 8) ________, a.

31) According to Spearman, it is one's ________ intelligence that produces the positive correlations found between math, reading scores, and visual perception tests. a. general b. emotional c. crystallized d. fluid 32) Ms. Bouvier is a first grade teacher. She has just given Chelsea a reading test. Chelsea scored very high in word recognition, so.

106) What is FOXP2? a. a computer program that is capable of understanding and producing natural human language b. a brain region involved in the comprehension of language c. a gene believed to be involved in language d. a brain region involved in the production of spoken language 107) Some members of the KE family.

81) Which of the following is a hypothesis discussed in your textbook to explain the relative satisfaction maximizers tend to get from their decisions compared to satisficers? a. Maximizers invest more in their decisions, so they expect more from the outcomes. b. Maximizers are natural optimists, so they always see the best.

36) Megan is very good at solving problems, even though she has had very little formal training. For example, Megan was able to solve the difficult Rubik's Cube puzzle the first time she tried. Megan clearly has a high degree of ____________ intelligence. a. semantic b. fluid c. crystallized d. static 37) ____________ intelligence allows.

61) According to your textbook, how should teachers tailor their instruction styles to maximize learning? a. Teachers should tailor their teaching to fit the material. b. Teachers should tailor their teaching to match each individual student's learning style. c. Teachers should tailor their teaching to match the modal (i.e., most frequent) learning style.

6) Ivan is a consultant who has been asked to solve a technical problem for an electronics firm. When he arrives at the firm, he finds that the problem is exactly like a problem he has solved before. The first time he solved the problem it took him 37 hours..

6. What does the Flynn effect refer to? a. The increase in average IQ test scores over decades b. The decrease in average IQ test scores over decades c. The higher IQ test average scores for Asian Americans compared to European Americans d. The lower IQ test average scores for African Americans compared to.

11) If Gemma first sees the word “rain,” which word would she most likely recognize next if that word were partly obscured? a. pain b. reign c. rein d. storm 12) Five-year-old Jordyn says “I falled down.” Which term best characterizes Jordan’s error in verbalization? a. an inflection b. an overextension c. an overproduction d. an overgeneralization 13) Dean experienced.

11) Who has the highest IQ? a. Clarissa, with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 9. b. Matt, with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 10. c. Cecilee, with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 7. d. Morgan, with a mental age.

3) One reason individuals from certain populations underperform on aptitude tests is stereotype threat. Explain what stereotype threat is and then describe three different ways it can lower test scores.     .

6) Sal is being evaluated as a possible candidate for the space program. On which of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences would we expect him to excel if he is a good candidate? a. spatial reasoning b. interpersonal c. naturalist d. intrapersonal 7) The ability to produce work that is both novel and appropriate is called a..

86) The ability to communicate information about the past, future, and other locations is a unique property of ___________. a. aphasia b. phonemes c. communication d. language 87) The most basic of units of spoken language are called _________. a. morphemes b. phonemes c. semantics d. syntax 88) The sounds t, th, and sh are ___________. a. morphemes b. phonemes c. semantics d. sound.

66) A real-estate agent is asked by her clients how much they should ask for their house. She just sold a house for $300 000, so she finds herself suggesting an amount within the same range. This is an example of _____________. a. belief perseverance b. confirmation bias c. the representativeness heuristic d. the.

1) Most intelligence tests are normed so that the average (mean) IQ is _________, with a standard deviation of _________. 2) Marcus is only 8 years old. However, his score on the Stanford-Binet test is the same as the average 10-year -ld. Therefore, Marcus' _________ is 10. 3) Charles Spearman used the.

41) Which of the following is a healthy older adult most likely to do as well—or even better than—a younger adult? a. pattern recognition b. a geometric puzzle c. a vocabulary test d. a timed problem-solving task 42) Which of the following is a younger adult most likely to do better than a healthy older.

6) One of the most important parts of a language is its _________, which provides the rules that allow words to be combined into almost infinite combinations to create entirely new meanings. 7) Damage to the region of the cortex known as _________ is most likely to produce difficulty speaking, but.

51) A theory of intelligence with eight components was postulated by a. Gardner. b. Spearman. c. Sternberg. d. Terman. 52) Gardner and his associates are known for proposing a. the generalized theory of intelligence. b. the triarchic theory of intelligence. c. the theory of multiple intelligences. d. the theory of emotional intelligence. 53) According to Gardner, there are ________ types.

111) A child's ability to map words onto concepts or objects after only a single exposure to them is called ____________. a. hyper learning b. pragmatics c. imitation d. fast mapping 112) A writer pitches a sitcom idea to a network executive called "Don't Tell Him He's Adopted!" about a chimpanzee raised from birth as.

1) Which of these might be an example of a performance item on the Wechsler tests of intelligence? a. repeating a series of digits b. defining a word such as lunch c. using blocks to make a design like one shown in a picture d. adding a series of orally presented numbers 2) The Binet.

76) What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend to parents about children watching television? a. Infants should only watch special educational videos that stimulate brain development prior to the age of 2. b. Children under the age of 2 should watch television for no more than 4 hours each day. c. Children.

71) Dr. Ming hypothesizes that a particular gene is involved in intelligence. He breeds a strain of mice that have had this particular gene removed to see if they show an impaired ability to solve problems compared to mice that have not had this gene removed. This is an example.