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A crime in a larger sense denotes any activity that can harm or offend an individual. However, statutes of criminal code, declaring an act as offensive or criminal behaviour is within the jurisdiction of the governing body. There domain of criminal justice does not only deal with stipulating and identifying crime in a given society but devising punishments and prevention of the same as well.
These activities involving prevention of crime, enabling individuals to understand the law and its effects and rehabilitating offenders through an effective penal system are purposes of this domain. The regulations for allotting punishments for each crime on a common and specific basis is a continuous process susceptible to change due to social, technological and communal changes.
Punishment has transitioned from harm to prevention and correction along the history of criminal justice. Irrevocable punishments such as death and indelible marking are frowned upon by the modern world. The study of creating change in the individual offender through sentences and removal of the criminal tendencies through rehabilitation forms a major part of this domain today.
The effectiveness of a police force in any society largely depends upon how the common members of the society view the policing force. Efforts towards removing hostility towards law enforcement officials and removing the sense of martyrdom or veneration of criminals through humane treatment and cordial justice are the keywords for the success of community policing.
The concept of a trained group of individuals with authority to detain and product offenders in front of the law as against a punishing force defines the concept of modern policing. Activities such as prevention of crime, collection of intelligence and security for valuable goods and individuals are considered functions of the common modern police force.
Like any other domain in the modern world, criminal justice undergoes progressive changes as well with the goal of reducing prison population. These changes can be based on technological advancements, contradicting or unfair practices and public sentiment. Case by case reforms can happen as well due to special circumstances as appealed.
