Question : Which of the following do critics of quantitative research argue that there : 2153837
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Which of the following do critics of quantitative research argue that there is little relationship between?
A) Attitude and behavior
B) Approach and outlook
C) Social science and criminal justice
D) Research and data
2) Which of the following, in either instrument or the analysis, can produce inaccurate results?
A) Design imperfections
B) Bias
C) Faulty data
D) All of the above
3) Which of the following refers to a variety of strategies in which the researcher studies a group in its natural setting by observing its activities and, to varying degrees, participating in its activities?
A) Staff observation
B) Participant observation
C) Researcher observation
D) Victim observation
4) Which of the following are considered target populations of criminal justice research and have been subject to a variety of methodological analyses?
A) The public
B) Criminals
C) Victims
D) All of the above
5) Which of the following refers to Weber's notion that researchers understand a group by immersing themselves in the world of the group?
A) Weber Maneuver
B) Verstehen Approach
C) Verstehen Maneuver
D) Weber Approach
6) Which of the following are types of participant observation?
A) Complete participation
B) Participant as observer
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
7) Which of the following takes place when the researcher not only joins in, but actually begins to manipulate the direction of, group activity?
A) Researcher dominance
B) Researcher participation
C) Complete participation
D) None of the above
8) What are the two most distinctive qualities of participant observation?
A) High turnover rate for researchers and research staff
B) High monetary costs and budget shortfalls
C) Demands on time and personal cost
D) None of the above
9) Which of the following refers to the basic canon of research; approach to subject matter from an unbiased, ethically neutral, or value-free perspective?
A) Fairness
B) Impartiality
C) Unbiased
D) Objectivity
10) Which of the following refers to the tendency of observers to over-identify with groups?
A) Going native
B) Assimilation
C) Integration
D) Merging
11) Which of the following refers to the keeping of a detailed and extensive diary during field research?
A) Memoires
B) Field notes
C) Scientific diary
D) Research documentation
12) Which of the following refers to simple memorizing devices that are particularly useful in field studies?
A) Stimulates
B) Cues
C) Mnemonics
D) Prompts
13) Which of the following refers to the use of photographs in field studies?
A) Photo criminology
B) Visual mnemonics
C) Visual criminology
D) Photo mnemonics
14) Which of the following refers to a form of photo interviewing in which taking photos gives people a photo voice by later discussion of particular needs or problems illustrated by these photos?
A) Photo illustrations
B) Photo novella
C) Photo journal
D) Photo voice
15) Which of the following involves a system of mutual obligations?
A) Reciprocity
B) Research trade
C) Research symbiosis
D) Research interchange
16) Which of the following as identified in the text, is of great importance in participant observation, particularly of criminals in the field?
A) Adequate funding
B) Many research assistants to help develop their research abilities
C) Protection of the identity of informants
D) None of the above
17) Which of the following is considered an advantage of participant observation?
A) Less disturbing to respondents
B) Less prejudgments
C) More flexible
D) All of the above
18) Which of the following is considered a disadvantage of participant observation?
A) Over-identification
B) Personally demanding technique
C) Very time consuming
D) All of the above
19) Which of the following refers to in-depth, qualitative studies of one or a few illustrative cases?
A) Depth interviews
B) Depth cases
C) Qualitative research
D) Case study methods
20) Which of the following refers to a methodology used in case studies?
A) Oral history
B) Life history
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
21) Which of the following refers to quantitative case studies that involve longitudinal measurement of a dependent variable on a single subject or case?
A) Single-subject designs
B) Solo-subject studies (SSS)
C) Quasi-subject designs
D) Mono-subject designs
22) Which of the following is often inapplicable to traditional social science research utilizing group designs (X's and O's)?
A) Case studies
B) Practitioner needs
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
23) Which of the following topics have been offered as suggestions for conducting field studies of criminals?
A) Acceptance
B) Gatekeepers
C) Gaining access
D) All of the above
24) Major advantages to participant observation include which of the following?
A) More natural settings
B) The sensitizing, qualitative nature of this type of study
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
25) Major disadvantages to participant observation include which of the following?
A) Facing ethical dilemmas
B) Gaining acceptance
C) Maintaining objectivity
D) All of the above
