Question : Some researchers feel that social science and criminal justice research : 2153838

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

1) Some researchers feel that social science and criminal justice research have been over-dependent on the artificial elements of questionnaires, interviews, and experimental settings.

2) Critics of quantitative research suggest that little relationship exists between attitude and behavior and that more "sensitizing" strategies involving field studies contain greater accuracy.

3) Design imperfections, in either the instrument or the analysis, can produce inaccurate results.

4) Participant observation refers to a variety of strategies in which the researcher studies a group in its natural setting by observing its activities and, to varying degrees, participating in its activities.

5) The Weber Approach was Weber's notion that researchers understand a group by immersing themselves in the world of the group.

6) The types of researcher observation include complete participation, participant as observer, observer as participant, and complete observation.

7) Complete participation takes place when the researcher not only joins in, but actually begins to manipulate the direction of, group activity.

8) Mnemonics is a basic cannon of research.

9) Going native is the tendency of observers to under-identify with groups.

10) A practice that has been deemed of only nominal importance by most researchers is that of keeping of extensive and detailed field notes or diaries.

11) Memory stimulation refers to simple memorizing devices that are particularly useful in field studies.

12) Photo criminology refers to the use of photographs in field studies.

13) Photo novella is another form of photo interviewing in which taking photos gives people a photo voice by later discussion of particular needs or problems illustrated by these photos.

14) Reflexive photography involves giving respondents cameras and asking them to take pictures that are then explored in subsequent interviews.

15) According to most criminal justice researchers, an introduction to a gatekeeper, leader, or person who is willing to accept the purpose of the study and vouch for the researcher's presence is of only nominal importance.

16) Reciprocity involves a system of mutual obligations.

17) A principal advantage of participant observation is its very time-consuming nature.

18) Case study methods are in-depth, qualitative studies of one or a few illustrative cases.

19) Life histories and oral histories are some methodologies employed in case studies.

20) Critics of experiments and surveys point to a myriad of shortcomings, including artificiality, assumption of a connection between attitude and behavior, and the tendency of the findings to be a result of the method used rather than real findings.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

21) ________ refers to a variety of strategies in which the researcher studies a group in its natural setting by observing its activities and, to varying degrees, participating in its activities.

22) The ________ was Weber's notion that researchers understand a group by immersing themselves in the world of the group.

23) The types of ________ include complete participation, participant as observer, observer as participant, and complete observation.

24) ________ is the basic cannon of research; approach to subject matter from an unbiased, ethically neutral, or value-free perspective.

25) ________ is the tendency of observers to over-identify with groups.

26) One important practice that is essential in field studies is the keeping of extensive and detailed ________ or diaries.

27) ________ are simple memorizing devices that are particularly useful in field studies.

28) ________ is the use of photographs in field studies.

29) ________ involves giving respondents cameras and asking them to take pictures that are then explored in subsequent interviews.

30) ________ are another form of photo interviewing in which taking photos gives people a photo voice by later discussion of particular needs or problems illustrated by these photos.

31) ________ involves a system of mutual obligations.

32) ________ represents a commitment to a sensitizing or verstehen strategy in which the researcher attempts to actually experience the life conditions of the study group.

33) ________ are sometimes raised by this technique, particularly if uncaught criminals are the subject of study.

34) ________ are in-depth, qualitative studies of one or a few illustrative cases.

35) ________ are quantitative case studies that involve longitudinal measurement of a dependent variable on a single subject or case.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

36) Identify and discuss the tips for "breaking into prison" and other criminal justice organizations as provided by Trulson, Marquart, and Mullings.

37) Identify and discuss methods in which participant observers may validate research findings.

38) Identify and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of participant observation.

39) Identify and discuss the primary arguments that have been presented against quantitative studies such as surveys and experiments in criminal justice.

40) Identify and discuss the guidance provided to participant observers studying criminals in their natural environment.