Question : Since social and behavioral research rarely puts subjects at risk, ethics : 2153827

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

1) Since social and behavioral research rarely puts subjects at risk, ethics is only of nominal concern.

2) The Lucifer Effect is a term coined by Zimbardo to refer to a transformation of human character that causes good people to engage in evil actions.

3) Research fraud occurs when the subjects being studied are dishonest in their behavior.

4) Plagiarism is a type of fraud in which the writer presents his or her own ideas or works without proper research documentation.

5) The role of researcher requires that one be objective and "value free" in approaching and reporting on the subject matter.

6) The targets or subject matter of research may include the criminal, the victim, the criminal justice system, and practitioners.

7) Professional ethics may be regulated by codes of ethics, institutional review boards, the courts, professions, and the government.

8) Historically, the most important source of guidance for ethical research in the United States was the DHHS.

9) Since 1980, the most important source of guidance for ethical research in the United States has been the DHEW.

10) IRBs are college/university research committees that oversee and ensure ethical research standards.

11) Informed consent is an agreement of subjects to participate in research after they have been briefed.

12) The Ofshe Report reviewed Health, Education, and Welfare guidelines, altered these guidelines and recommended looser standards for informed consent in field research.

13) NIJ's Regulation on Confidentiality protects individuals by forbidding the use of any research or statistical information that might identify them.

14) Shield laws protect researchers from being forced to reveal sources in a court of law.

15) As a general rule, in the name of science, researchers should not conduct studies that may be harmful to subjects, particularly if the potential harm has not been explained to the subjects and their informed consent elicited.

16) The protection of human subject guidelines uses reciprocity wherein the potential benefits must outweigh the possible hazards to respondents.

17) A system of mutual obligation between subjects and researchers is known as the risk-benefit ratio.

18) Honesty, integrity, and objectivity are essential expectations of ethical professional conduct.

19) The Belfast Project was a controversial research project that challenged the standard of confidentiality in research.

20) Much like priests, doctors, and other client-oriented practitioners, the independent criminal justice researcher has a legally recognized privilege of confidentiality.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

21) ________ is a term coined by Zimbardo to refer to a transformation of human character that causes good people to engage in evil actions.

22) ________ occurs when researchers purposely fabricate or misrepresent their findings.

23) The Piltdown Hoax and the ________ Hoax are two well known cases of research fraud in the social sciences.

24) ________ is a type of fraud in which a writer presents the ideas or work of someone else has his or her own.

25) The role of ________ requires that one be objective and "value free" in approaching and reporting on the subject matter.

26) Criminologists and criminal justice researchers as social scientists strive for acceptance as ________.

27) Professional ________ may be regulated by codes of ethics, institutional review boards, the courts, professions, and the government.

28) Historically, the most important source of guidance for ethical research in the United States was the ________.

29) Since 1980, the most important source of guidance for ethical research in the United States has been the ________.

30) ________ are research screening committees set up in colleges and universities to oversee the ethical propriety of research.

31) ________ is the agreement of subjects to participate in research after they have been briefed.

32) The ________ Report reviewed Health, Education, and Welfare guidelines, altered these guidelines and recommended looser standards for informed consent in field research.

33) NIJ's ________ protects individuals by forbidding the use of any research from identifying them.

34) ________ laws protect researchers from being forced to reveal sources in a court of law.

35) The protection of human subject guidelines uses ________ ratio wherein the potential benefits must outweigh the possible hazards to respondents.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

36) Discuss the three forms of regulation in which ethically acceptable research conduct may take.

37) Discuss the six elements for obtaining informed consent contained in the original 1971 DHEW guidelines. Are these six elements still relevant today?

38) Discuss the three basic principles identified by the Belmont Report and why they are important in the field of research.

39) Discuss the issue of confidentiality and the protection of subjects in criminal justice research.

40) How might ethical problems in criminal justice research be avoided?