Question : Recently, many states have been considering legalizing the use of marijuana : 2146841

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

58) Recently, many states have been considering legalizing the use of marijuana. A survey was taken in 2014 where adults in one state were asked if they favored legalizing the use of marijuana. The following table displays the percentage of adults in the state who favor and who do not favor the legalization of marijuana for both males and females. Can a chi-square test be done with these data? Explain why or why not.

	Male	Female
Favor legalizing marijuana	38.60%	35.50%
legalizing marijuana	61.40%	64.50%

 

Suppose that you are a researcher and that you want to research whether a home remedy that recommends applying a salve of tobacco and saliva to cuts or scrapes to absorb toxins really works. You decide to conduct a study to see whether there is an association between the treatment and the outcome. A positive outcome means that the patient reported lower pain levels and the wound had healed without infection in less than 14 days. The table below shows the results from your study. Assume all conditions for testing have been met.

	Home remedy	Placbo
Positive outcome	52	23
Not positive outcome	35	33

x2 – Test X2 = 4.776341 P = 0.0288534 Df=1

 

 

 

 

 

60) From a purely scientific point-of-view, would you suggest the tobacco and saliva salve to a co-worker who expressed an interest in home remedies? Explain why or why not.

Solve the problem.

61) A study of middle school and high school students was conducted to examine the ethnic/racial self-classification of adolescents. A group of 500 students in the eighth grade were randomly selected and followed for 4 years. At the beginning of each year, the students were asked among many questions to classify themselves as White, Black, Hispanic, or Multiracial (additional classifications were eliminated because of small frequencies). At the end of the study, the number of times each student changed his/her classification was recorded. The table below shows the results from the study. Assume all conditions for testing have been met.

	Number of changes
Racial Classification in 8th grade	0	1	2+
White	402	25	17
Black	44	12	6
Hispanic	83	17	10
Multiracial	111	36	42

x2 – Test X2 = 94.208413 P = 0.000000 Df=6

 

 

 

 

 

Test the hypothesis that the number of changes in racial classification is not associated to students' racial classification in eighth grade, using a significance level of 0.05. State the correct decision regarding the null hypothesis and write a conclusion using a full sentence. Refer to the output above.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Use the following information to answer the question. A researcher wonders whether receiving a job offer is effected by whether an interviewee wears a red tie. The researcher used the following study design to collect data: The researcher chose five large companies in a large city and observed the tie color of all interviewees during a two week period. He also records whether the person was hired by the company. He finds that interviewees who wear red ties are more likely to be hired than interviewees who do not wear red ties.

62) Choose the statement that correctly explains why we can or cannot generalize these results to a larger population.

A) The interviewees were randomly selected to participate in the study so the results can be generalized to the larger population.

B) This was an observational study so results can be generalized to a larger population.

C) The interviewees (and companies where they interviewed) were not selected from a larger population, so the results cannot be generalized beyond the sample.

D) The interviewees were not randomly assigned to wear a red tie to the interview so the results cannot be generalized to beyond the sample.

63) Choose the statement that correctly explains why we can or cannot make a cause-and-effect conclusion.

A) Since this was a controlled observational study we can conclude that there was a cause-and-effect relationship.

B) The interviewees (and companies where they were interviewed) were not selected from a larger population, so we cannot conclude that there was a cause-and-effect relationship.

C) This was an experimental study so we conclude that wearing a red tie caused an interviewee to be hired.

D) This was an observational study. Since random assignment was not used, we cannot conclude that getting hired was caused by wearing a red tie.

Often college students taking an introductory course in psychology are required to participate in research experiments. One experiment was performed to see if using colored paper increased reading comprehension. One hundred students enrolled in an introductory college psychology course volunteered to participate in the study. Fifty of the students were randomly chosen to read a chapter in a psychology test that was printed on yellow paper and the remaining fifty students were given the same chapter to read printed on white paper. After reading the chapter, each student was asked to answer a series of questions to test his/her comprehension. The results indicated that those students reading the chapter printed on yellow paper tended to have higher comprehension scores than those students reading the chapter printed on white paper.

64) Choose the statement that correctly explains why we can or cannot generalize these results to a larger population.

A) The participants were not selected from a larger population so the results cannot be generalized beyond the sample.

B) The participants were randomly assigned to a paper color, so the results can be generalized to a larger population.

C) This was an observational study so the results can be generalized to a larger population.

D) The participants were randomly selected, so the results can be generalized to a large population.

65) Choose the statement that correctly explains why we can or cannot make a cause-and-effect conclusion.

A) Since this was a controlled observational study, we can conclude there was a cause-and-effect relationship.

B) This was an experimental study so we conclude that reading comprehension increases when reading from text printed on yellow paper, but the results cannot be generalized beyond the sample.

C) The participants were not selected from a larger population so we cannot conclude a cause-and effect relationship.

D) This was an observational study so we cannot conclude that reading comprehension increases when reading text printed on yellow paper.

A researcher wonders whether speed of service at a diner is affected by whether a male customer is wearing a suit jacket. The researcher used the following study design to collect data: The researcher chose five diners in a large city and recorded the number of male customers who wore a suit jacket during a two week period. He also records how long it took a waiter or waitress to address the customer. He finds that male customers who wear suit jackets were addressed by the wait staff faster than male customers who did not wear a suit jacket.

66) Choose the statement that correctly explains why we can or cannot generalize these results to a larger population.

A) The male customers (and diners) were not selected from a larger population, so the results cannot be generalized beyond the sample.

B) The male customers were randomly assigned to wear a suit jacket so the results cannot be generalized to beyond the sample.

C) The male customers were randomly selected to participate in the study so the results can be generalized to the larger population.

D) This was an observational study so results can be generalized to a larger population.

67) Choose the statement that correctly explains why we can or cannot make a cause-and-effect conclusion.

A) This was an experimental study so we conclude that wearing a suit jacket caused a male customer to be addressed faster.

B) The male customers (and diners) were not selected from a larger population, so we cannot conclude that there was a cause-and-effect relationship.

C) Since this was a controlled observational study we can conclude that there was a cause-and-effect relationship.

D) This was an observational study. Since random assignment was not used, we cannot conclude that getting addressed faster was caused by wearing a suit jacket.