Question : Nominal level variables represent the simplest level of measurement : 2153846

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

1) Nominal level variables represent the simplest level of measurement.

2) Internal level variables contain all the properties of nominal variables, but they also enable the placement of objects into ranks, that is, highest to lowest.

3) Ordinal level variables contain all the elements of nominal and ordinal data and also assume equal distance between objects on a scale.

4) Ratio level variables not only assume the interval quality of data, but they also have a fixed meaningful zero point.

5) The purpose of measurement is to make connections between concepts and numbers.

6) Scaling refers to attempts to decrease the complexity of the level of measurement of variables from ordinal to at least nominal.

7) Arbitrary scales are developed by the researcher and are based primarily on face validity (the scale appears to be measuring what one intends to measure) and professional judgment.

8) The UCR index offenses are those crimes that are considered serious and that the police feel are fairly accurately reported and uniformly measured.

9) The three major types of attitude scales that have been developed in the social sciences are used in criminology and criminal justice are Thurstone scales, Likert scales, and Guttman scales.

10) Of the three major types of attitude scales, Guttman was the first to be developed.

11) Thurstone scales consist of a simple summation of usually a five-point bipolar response ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree.

12) A major shortcoming of Likert scaling is that on the basis of the total scale score it is impossible to predict the exact endorsement of each individual item.

13) Guttman scales were developed as one outcome of a research series conducted by social scientists during World War II.

14) Q sort methodology is a newer variation of the Thurstone process; the respondents rather than the judges place a series of statements into previously predetermined categories.

15) The semantic differential is a five-point scale that evaluates the methodological rigor and type of research design of studies.

16) The Scientific Methods Scale usually consists of a seven- or nine-point bipolar rating scale in which individuals are asked to indicate their perception of a tag or description that is provided.

17) Crime seriousness scales attempt to assign weight to crimes in terms of their relative severity.

18) The Sellin-Wolfgang index tries to account for both the quality (seriousness) and the quantity of an act.

19) There are two basic types of crime seriousness (severity) scales: simple rating scales and magnitude scales.

20) Simple rating scales measure public rankings of the degrees of relative seriousness of various crimes.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

21) ________ represent the simplest level of measurement.

22) ________ contain all the properties of nominal variables, but they also enable the placement of objects into ranks, that is, highest to lowest.

23) ________ contain all the elements of nominal and ordinal data and also assume equal distance between objects on a scale.

24) ________ not only assume the interval quality of data, but they also have a fixed meaningful zero point.

25) ________ refers to attempts to increase the complexity of the level of measurement of variables from nominal to at least ordinal and hopefully interval/ratio.

26) ________ are developed by the researcher and are based primarily on face validity (the scale appears to be measuring what one intends to measure) and professional judgment.

27) The ________ are those crimes that are considered serious and that the police feel are fairly accurately reported and uniformly measured.

28) ________ are attitude scales that rely on ratings by judges of scale items.

29) ________ consist of a simple summation of usually a five-point bipolar response ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree.

30) ________ insists that an attitude scale should measure one and only one dimension (unidimensionality).

31) Guttman scaling insists that an attitudinal scale be based on ________; that is, it should measure one and only one dimension or concept.

32) ________ is a newer variation of the Thurstone process; the respondents rather than the judges place a series of statements into previously predetermined categories.

33) ________ is a five-point scale that evaluates the methodological rigor and type of research design of studies.

34) The ________ usually consists of a seven- or nine-point bipolar rating scale in which individuals are asked to indicate their perception of a tag or description that is provided.

35) The ________ tries to account for both the quality (seriousness) and the quantity of an act.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

36) Identify and discuss the four levels on which variables may be measured.

37) Identify and discuss the UCR index offenses.

38) Identify and discuss the three major types of attitude scales that have been developed in the social sciences are used in criminology and criminal justice.

39) Describe and discuss the Guttman scaling procedures.

40) Identify and discuss Likert's scaling procedures.