Question : Error is another term for invalidity, and sources of potential error or invalidity : 2153844

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

1) Error is another term for invalidity, and sources of potential error or invalidity are ever present, even in some of the best research.

2) Reliability asks, "Does my measuring instrument in fact measure what it claims to measure?" "Is it an accurate or true measure of the phenomenon under study?"

3) One of the reasons for the lack of validation studies in criminal justice include inadequate funding.

4) Design fault in original studies, often called attention to by the researcher to bring about improvements in future studies, make exact replication of studies unlikely.

5) The unfavorable climate for validation research is due to the human nature of organizational findings.

6) Validity concerns the stability and consistency of measurement.

7) Face validity, the simplest measurement, asks, "Does the measuring instrument appear, at face value, to be measuring what I am attempting to measure?"

8) Construct validity entails examining each item—the content of an instrument—to judge whether each element measures the concept in question.

9) Content validity (sometimes called concept validity) is perhaps the most theoretical and philosophically basic question.

10) There are two types of pragmatic validity: concurrent validity and predictive validity.

11) Convergent-discriminant validation involves the use of multiple methods to measure multiple traits.

12) The use of multiple methods to measure the same phenomenon is also referred to as triangulation.

13) Consistency of measurement is determined by whether, assuming that conditions (rival causal factors) have not changed, a respondent will give the same answer to the same question on second testing.

14) Stability of measurement is determined by whether the set of items used to measure some phenomenon are highly related (associated with each other) and measuring the same concept.

15) In the bilateral test method of determining reliability the same instrument is administered twice to the same population and, if the results are the same, stability of measurement is assumed.

16) Multiple forms involve the administration of alternate forms of the instrument to the same group.

17) Split-half reliability does not involve retesting and substitutes the assessment of internal consistency for temporal consistency; each half of a scale is analyzed as if it were a separate scale.

18) Drug Use Forecasting (DUF), a research program sponsored by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), asked volunteers from a population of arrestees in various cities to provide urine specimens that are then tested for drugs.

19) Triangulated strategies for examining crime in public housing include mortality and morbidity data for intentional injuries.

20) Issues of validity and reliability in criminal justice research are not limited to quantitative studies, but are also applicable to more qualitative findings.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

21) ________ asks, "Does my measuring instrument in fact measure what it claims to measure?" "Is it an accurate or true measure of the phenomenon under study?"

22) ________ concerns the stability and consistency of measurement.

23) ________ in original studies, often called attention to by the researcher to bring about improvements in future studies, make exact replication of studies unlikely.

24) The ________ for validation research is due to the human nature of organizational findings.

25) ________, the simplest measurement, asks, "Does the measuring instrument appear, at face value, to be measuring what I am attempting to measure?"

26) ________ entails examining each item–the content of an instrument–to judge whether each element measures the concept in question.

27) ________ (sometimes called concept validity) is perhaps the most theoretical and philosophically basic question.

28) ________ refers to the accuracy of the measuring instrument in predicting current status (concurrent validity) or future status (predictive validity).

29) ________ validation involves the use of multiple methods to measure multiple traits

30) ________ is use of multiple measures of the same concept.

31) ________ is demonstrated through stable and consistent replication of findings on repeated measurement.

32) ________ of measurement is determined by whether, assuming that conditions (rival causal factors) have not changed, a respondent will give the same answer to the same question on second testing.

33) ________ of measurement is determined by whether the set of items used to measure some phenomenon are highly related (associated with each other) and measuring the same concept.

34) In the ________ method of determining reliability the same instrument is administered twice to the same population and, if the results are the same, stability of measurement is assumed.

35) ________ involve the administration of alternate forms of the instrument to the same group.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

36) Identify and discuss the reasons for the lack of validation studies in criminal justice.

37) Identify and discuss the various ways of determining validity. Provide examples of how this can be accomplished.

38) Define triangulation and provide examples of how triangulation strategies have been used in examining crime in public housing.

39) Identify and discuss the three primary methods of attempting to demonstrate reliability.

40) Discuss research validation in criminal justice research through cases and examples.