Test Bank For Urinalysis and Body Fluids, 6th Edition

Chapter 2: Introduction to Urinalysis Multiple Choice 1. All of the following are components of normal urine except: A. Urea B. Chloride C. Amino acids D. Creatinine ANS: C DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 1 TOP: Urinalysis composition 2. To determine if a specimen is urine, measure the concentrations of: A. Glucose and protein B. Urea and creatinine C. Uric acid and amino acids D. Protein and amino acids ANS: B DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 2 TOP: Urinalysis composition 3. The average daily volume of urine produced by a normal adult is approximately: A. 200 mL B. 500 mL C. 1200 mL D. 2500 mL ANS: C DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 3 TOP: Urine volume 4. A person exhibiting oliguria would have a urine volume of: A. 200 to 500 mL B. 600 to 1000 mL C. 1000 to 1500 mL D. more than 1500 mL ANS: A DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 3 TOP: Urine volume 5. Which of the following terms is correctly matched with urine output? A. Anuria: 400 mL in 24 hours B. Oliguria: 1000 mL in 24 hours C. Polyuria: 3000 mL in 24 hours D. Nocturia: no urine output ANS: C DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 3 TOP: Urine volume 6. The polyuria associated with diabetes mellitus is caused by: A. The presence of excess glucose in the urine B. A defect in the production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) C. The diuretic effect of insulin D. Failure of the collecting duct to respond to ADH ANS: A DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 3 TOP: Urine volume 7. Urine from a patient with diabetes insipidus has: A. Decreased volume and decreased specific gravity B. Decreased volume and increased specific gravity C. Increased volume and increased specific gravity D. Increased volume and decreased specific gravity ANS: D DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 3 TOP: Urine volume 8. A patient with polyuria shows a high specific gravity in the urine. The patient should be evaluated for: A. Renal tubular acidosis B. Diabetes mellitus C. Diabetes insipidus D. Prostatic infection ANS: B DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 3 TOP: Urine volume 9. Persons taking diuretics can be expected to produce: A. Anuria B. Polyuria C. Nocturia D. Oliguria ANS: B DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 3 TOP: Urine volume 10. A urine specimen may be rejected by the laboratory for all of the following reasons except: A. Nonmatching label and requisition form B. Specimen contaminated with feces C. Contamination on the exterior of the container D. The container uses a screw-top lid ANS: D DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 4 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 11. An unpreserved urine specimen left at room temperature overnight will have decreased: A. Bacteria B. Specific gravity and pH C. Glucose and ketones D. Color and specific gravity ANS: C DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 6 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 12. Which of the following will be least affected in an unpreserved specimen left at room temperature overnight? A. Bilirubin B. Urobilinogen C. Red blood cells D. Protein ANS: D DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 7 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 13. Red blood cells will disintegrate more rapidly in urine that is: A. Concentrated and acidic B. Concentrated and alkaline C. Dilute and acidic D. Dilute and alkaline ANS: D DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 7 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 14. The primary cause of the changes that take place in unpreserved urine is: A. Bacterial growth B. Excessive exposure to light C. Oxidation of chemical constituents D. Precipitation of crystals ANS: A DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 8 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 15. Which of the following urine chemicals will deteriorate when exposed to light? A. pH B. Leukocytes esterase C. Bilirubin D. Specific gravity ANS: C DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 7 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 16. Which of the following is least likely to occur if a urine specimen stands at room temperature for more than 2 hours? A. Deterioration of formed elements B. Increased bacteria C. Decreased pH D. Decreased glucose ANS: C DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 7 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 17. A urine specimen for reagent strip glucose analysis can be preserved using all of the following methods except: A. Refrigeration B. Boric acid C. Sodium fluoride D. Commercial tablets ANS: C DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 8 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 18. A urine specimen containing a large amount of precipitated amorphous material may have been preserved using: A. Refrigeration B. Phenol C. Formalin D. Toluene ANS: A DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 7 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 19. In the laboratory, the preferred method of urine preservation is: A. Refrigeration B. Boric acid C. Sodium fluoride D. Commercial tablets ANS: A DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 9 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 20. A specimen for routine urinalysis and culture can be preserved using: A. Sodium fluoride B. Boric acid C. Formalin D. Toluene ANS: B DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 9 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 21. All of the following are good preservatives of urinary cellular elements except: A. Boric acid B. Formalin C. Sodium fluoride D. Thymol ANS: C DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 9 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 22. Before analysis, a refrigerated urine specimen must be: A. Warmed to 37oC B. Examined for crystal formation C. Examined for changes in color D. Returned to room temperature ANS: D DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 9 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 23. The recommended specimen for routine urinalysis testing is the: A. Random specimen B. Timed specimen C. First morning specimen D. Catheterized specimen ANS: C DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 11 TOP: Types of specimens 24. The required specimen for quantitative analysis of urinary constituents is the: A. Midstream clean-catch specimen B. First morning specimen C. Random specimen D. Timed specimen ANS: D DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 11 TOP: Types of specimens 25. A first morning specimen is frequently requested to confirm: A. Orthostatic proteinuria B. Fanconi’s syndrome C. Urinary tract infection D. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficiency ANS: A DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 11 TOP: Types of specimens 26. The first morning specimen from a patient with no history of symptoms for diabetes is positive for glucose. The patient should: A. Be given a glucose tolerance test B. Be asked to collect the second morning specimen C. Be asked to collect a timed specimen D. Be tested for renal tubular damage ANS: B DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 11 TOP: Types of specimens 27. The specimen of choice for routine urinalysis is the first morning urine because it: A. Has a high volume B. Is produced while the body is in a resting state C. Is more dilute to prevent false-positive reactions D. Is more concentrated to better detect abnormalities ANS: D DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 11 TOP: Types of specimens 28. All of the following specimens are acceptable for a urine culture except: A. Catheterized specimen B. Timed specimen C. Suprapubic aspiration D. Midstream clean-catch specimen ANS: B DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 11 TOP: Types of specimens 29. Quantitation of a substance that varies with daily activities should be performed on a: A. Timed overnight specimen B. First morning specimen C. 24-hour specimen D. 2-hour postprandial specimen ANS: C DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 11 TOP: Types of specimens 30. Failure to empty the bladder before beginning the collection of a timed urine specimen will: A. Cause falsely increased results B. Affect the preservation of glucose C. Cause falsely decreased results D. Adversely affect culture results ANS: A DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 10 TOP: Types of specimens 31. An alternative to the catheterized specimen is the: A. Fasting specimen B. First morning specimen C. Midstream clean-catch specimen D. Three glass collection ANS: C DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 11 TOP: Types of specimens 32. The least contaminated specimen for bacterial culture is the: A. Catheterized specimen B. Suprapubic aspiration C. Three glass collection D. Midstream clean-catch specimen ANS: B DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 11 TOP: Types of specimens 33. The three glass collection is used for the diagnosis of: A. Bladder cancer B. Urinary tract infection C. Diabetes mellitus D. Prostate infection ANS: D DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 11 TOP: Types of specimens 34. Documentation of appropriate handling of specimens for drug analysis is provided by the: A. Urinalysis supervisor B. Physician C. Temperature readings D. Chain of custody form ANS: D DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 11 TOP: Types of specimens 35. The liver breaks down protein to form what waste product? A. Urea B. Amino acids C. Sodium D. Chloride ANS: A DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 1 TOP: Urinalysis composition 36. An increase in urine production during the night is described as: A. Anuria B. Oliguria C. Polyuria D. Nocturia ANS: D DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 3 TOP: Urine volume 37. Where should labels on urine specimen containers be placed? A. Container B. Lid C. Bottom D. Placement does not matter ANS: A DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 6 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 38. Increased turbidity in urine stored at room temperature is usually caused by: A. Evaporation B. White blood cells C. Bacterial growth D. Protein precipitation ANS: C DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 7 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 39. What is the maximum length of time a urine specimen can remain unpreserved at room temperature before testing? A. 30 minutes B. 2 hours C. 3 hours D. 6 hours ANS: B DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 8 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 40. Which specimen(s) from a three glass collection do(es) not have to be examined microscopically? A. #1 B. #2 C. #3 D. All should be examined ANS: B DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 11 TOP: Types of specimens Matching State whether the following actions will cause false-positive or false-negative test results: A. False-positive B. False-negative 41. The temperature of a specimen for drug testing is 25oC when measured within 4 minutes of collection. 42. The second sample of a three glass collection has a positive urine culture. 43. A patient is deprived of fluids during a 6-hour timed urine collection. 44. Aliquots from 24-hour specimens are being obtained before measuring and mixing the sample. 41. ANS: B DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 11 TOP: Types of 42. ANS: A DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 11 43. ANS: B DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 11 44. ANS: B DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 11 specimens case study TOP: Types of specimens case study TOP: Types of specimens case study TOP: Types of specimens case study True/False 45. Urine contains organic and inorganic chemicals that can vary with body metabolic functions. ANS: True DIF: Level 1 OBJ:1 TOP: Urinalysis composition 46. Physicians performing urinalysis can determine whether a specimen is urine from the presence of formed elements. ANS: False DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 2 TOP: Urinalysis composition 47. Dietary intake does not influence urine volume. ANS: False DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 3 TOP: Urinalysis volume 48. Polydipsia is a symptom of both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. ANS: True DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 3 TOP: Urine volume 49. A urine specimen label should include the date and time of collection. ANS: True DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 5 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 50. Urine that remains unpreserved at room temperature will show an increase in the concentrations of nitrate, glucose, and white blood cells. ANS: False DIF: Level 1 OBJ: 7 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 51. A specimen delivered to the laboratory in a gray-top Vacutainer is acceptable for urinalysis. ANS: False DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 9 TOP: Specimen collection/handling 52. A urine bacterial culture should not be performed on a catheterized specimen. ANS: False DIF: Level 2 OBJ: 10 TOP: Types of specimens