Test Bank for Theories of Personality: Understanding Persons, 7th Edition

Theories of Personality, 7e (Cloninger) Chapter 2 Multiple Choice 1) Before he became a psychoanalyst, Freud was a A) business executive. B) neurologist. C) rabbi. D) singer. Answer: B Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.1 Topic: Freud’s biography p. 21 2) Freud explained neurotic symptoms according to the principle of A) psychic determinism. B) mesmerism. C) hypnosis. D) catharsis. Answer: A Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It Learning Objective 2.2 Topic: Psychic Determinism p. 22 3) Freud’s “iceberg metaphor” illustrates that A) most people are “cold. ” B) repression requires energy. C) most of the mind’s processes are unconscious. D) the same substance can appear in quite different forms. Answer: C Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Iceberg Metaphor p. 22 4) Material that is not in awareness at a particular time, but that can readily be recalled if we try, is A) unconscious. B) preconscious. C) conscious. D) postconscious. Answer: B Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Preconscious 26 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved p. 22 5) Mental processes of which we are chronically unaware are called A) preconscious. B) conscious. C) sublimated. D) unconscious. Answer: D Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Unconscious pp. 22 and 23 6) According to Freud, a child who has been sexually abused and who cannot remember the experience A) is psychotic. B) is lucky, since the event cannot have produced any psychological damage. C) has suppressed the experience into the preconscious. D) has repressed the experience into the unconscious. Answer: D Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Repression of trauma pp. 22 and 23 7) Freud praised __________ as “the royal road to the unconscious. ” A) hallucinations B) dreams C) hypnosis D) free association Answer: B Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Dreams p. 23 8) The unconscious is least likely to be revealed through A) the interpretation of dreams. B) humor. C) objective tests. D) free association. Answer: C Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Accessing unconscious content p. 25 27 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 9) The most primitive structure of personality is the A) id. B) ego. C) superego. D) Oedipus conflict. Answer: A Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Id as a primitive structure pp. 25 and 26 10) The energy of personality is called A) libido. B) cathexis. C) homeostasis. D) sublimation. Answer: A Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Libido p. 26 11) The two kinds of psychic energy are A) conscious and unconscious. B) neurotic and normal. C) Eros and Thanatos. D) primary process and secondary process. Answer: C Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Psychic Energy pp. 26 and 27 12) The aim of instincts is A) mental health. B) sublimation. C) tension reduction. D) unknown. Answer: C Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Tension reduction aim of instincts p. 27 28 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 13) The four characteristics of instincts do not include A) object. B) resource. C) aim. D) pressure. Answer: B Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Instincts p. 27 14) The person or thing in the real world that permits an instinct to be satisfied is termed a(n) A) aim. B) object. C) pressure. D) source. Answer: B Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective 2.3 Topic: Object and instinct p. 27 15) The id functions according to A) primary process. B) secondary process. C) tertiary process. D) the reality principle. Answer: A Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Primary process of id p. 27 16) Which structure of personality is responsible for conscious adaptation to reality? A) Id B) Ego C) Superego D) Preconscious Answer: B Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Ego p. 28 29 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 17) Primary process A) is based on past experiences. B) is focused on future needs. C) demands immediate gratification. D characterizes ego functioning. Answer: C Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Primary process p. 27 18) The ego functions according to the __________ principle. A) hedonic B) reality C) libidinal D) homeostatic Answer: B Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Ego and reality principle p. 28 19) Which structure of personality corresponds to the “voice of conscience, ” warning us to avoid evil? A) Ego B) Id C) Superego D) Hallucination Answer: C Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Superego and conscience p. 38 20) The superego corresponds to A) reality. B) mature ethics. C) highly developed personal qualities. D) childish understandings of morality. Answer: D Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Superego p. 28 30 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 21) Secondary process A) seeks immediate gratification. B) operates according to the pleasure principle. C) characterizes the id. D) adapts to the constraints of the real world. Answer: D Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Secondary process p. 28 22) __________ signals that id impulses may break through (overcome repression) and be expressed. A) Moral anxiety B) Neurotic anxiety C) Reality anxiety D) Hedonic anxiety Answer: B Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Neurotic anxiety p. 29 23) Conflict between the ego and the superego results in A) neurotic anxiety. B) moral anxiety. C) reality anxiety. D) psychotic anxiety. Answer: B Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate it Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Moral anxiety p. 29 24) The purpose of defense mechanisms is to A) resolve intrapsychic conflict. B) preserve life. C) preserve sleep. D) signal that the id may take over the personality. Answer: A Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Defense Mechanisms p. 29 31 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 25) Which of the defense mechanisms listed below is the most primitive? A) Projection B) Denial C) Identification D) Rationalization Answer: B Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Primitive defense mechanisms p. 29 26) In the defense mechanism of __________, the person ’s own unacceptable impulse is instead thought to belong to someone else. A) projection B) isolation C) identification D) reaction formation Answer: A Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Projection p. 30 27) A child who is really angry with his or her mother yells at the babysitter instead. Which defense mechanism is this? A) Projection B) Reaction formation C) Isolation D) Displacement Answer: D Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Displacement p. 30 32 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 28) A person who borrows or merges his or her identity with someone else, such as a powerful parent, is using the defense mechanism of A) identification. B) projection. C) reaction formation. D) rationalization. Answer: A Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Identification p. 30 29) A parent who punishes a child because of unconscious aggression, but who gives plausible reasons (“It will teach the child obedience, ” and so forth) is using the defense mechanism of A) identification. B) rationalization. C) projection. D) denial. Answer: B Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Rationalization p. 30 30) Which kind of person is most likely to deal with impulses through sublimation? A) A child B) A psychotic C) A neurotic D) A creative artist Answer: D Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Sublimation p. 29 33 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 31) George has been diagnosed as having a sexual identity disorder and, he is seeking genderreassignment surgery. How would psychoanalytic theorists explain George’s desire to voluntarily castrate himself? A) George is projecting his sexual perversions onto others. B) George has identified too closely with his mother, and therefore, he must castrate himself. C) George is upset with his father and is displacing that anger onto his own sexuality. D) George’s biology matches that of a woman and that is why he desires the surgery. Answer: B Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Identification, and sexual identity disorder pp. 29–31 32) What has cross-cultural research examining defense mechanisms found? A) Although there were some slight differences, samples in the United States and Thailand were quite similar in their use of defense mechanisms. B) People in Thailand do not display any of the defense mechanisms. C) Women in both countries used the defense mechanisms, but the men did not. D) Defense mechanisms vary widely across cultures. Answer: A Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Defense mechanisms across cultures p. 31 33) In order of their occurrence, the first three psychosexual stages are A) anal, oral, and phallic. B) phallic, anal, and oral. C) oral, anal, and phallic. D) oral, phallic, and anal. Answer: C Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective 2.5 Topic: Psychosexual Stages pp. 31 and 32 34) By age __________, the personality has been formed, according to Freud. A) two B) five C) ten D) eighteen Answer: B Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Sequence of psychosexual stages p. 32 34 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 35) Fixation during the oral period typically results in certain oral character traits. Which of the following is not an oral trait? A) Dependency B) Obstinacy C) Optimism D) Passivity Answer: B Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Oral fixation and traits p. 32 36) Orderliness, parsimony, and obstinacy are characteristic of the A) oral character. B) anal character. C) phallic character. D) genital character. Answer: B Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective 2.5 Topic: Anal character traits pp. 32 and 33 37) During the Oedipal stage, boys are afraid of A) all women. B) their mothers. C) castration. D) failure in school. Answer: C Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Oedipal stage p. 32 38) Research has indicated that people who score high on anal traits, A) find jokes with anal themes particularly funny. B) do not find jokes with anal themes funny, due to reaction formation. C) demonstrate optimism, passivity, and dependence. D) use defense mechanism more effectively than people fixated at other psychosexual stages. Answer: A Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Anal traits and humor pp. 32-33 35 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 39) Sex roles, according to Freud, are learned at about age A) two. B) four. C) ten. D) fourteen. Answer: B Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Sex roles p. 32 40) Normal feminine development, according to Freud, results in the traits of A) nurturance and warmth. B) happiness and enthusiasm. C) optimism and generosity. D) passivity and masochism. Answer: D Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Freud’s take on normal feminine development p. 33 41) Psychoanalytic theory says that fixation during the phallic period results in problems with all of the following except A) sexual promiscuity. B) homosexuality. C) superego formation. D) trust. Answer: D Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Fixation at the phallic period p. 33 42) Freud described middle childhood as a time of A) important psychosexual development. B) conflict with the parents. C) peer group interaction. D) relative calm for the sexual instincts. Answer: D Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Latency Stage p. 34 36 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 43) The most healthy, developed personality is called a(n) __________ in Freudian theory. A) anal character B) genital character C) oral character D) phallic character Answer: B Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Healthy personality and genital character p. 34 44) Freud’s criterion of mental health is A) love and work. B) frequency of dreaming. C) willingness to undergo psychoanalysis. D) wealth. Answer: A Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.6 Topic: Love and work as indicators of mental health p. 34 45) __________ refers to awareness of one’s true motivations and is achieved in psychoanalytic treatment. A) Insight B) Intellectualization C) Rationalization D) Interpretation Answer: A Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.6 Topic: Insight p. 35 46) If a patient falls in love with her (or his) psychoanalyst, she (or he) is probably experiencing A) sublimation. B) countertransference. C) transference. D) catharsis. Answer: C Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know Learning Objective: 2.6 Topic: Transference p. 35 37 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 47) According to your text, what does research say about the effectiveness of psychoanalytic treatment? A) It is not effective. B) It is less effective than other therapies, but better than no treatment. C) Results are mixed compared to other treatment but is shown to be more effective for psychosomatic disorders. D) It is generally as effective as other treatments and probably more effective for phobias. Answer: C Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.6 Topic: Psychoanalytic treatment effectiveness p. 35 48) As a scientific theory, psychoanalysis A) has been well supported by many experimental studies. B) has been supported in its statements about development but not about therapy. C) fails to make clear, verifiable predictions. D) uses highly reliable measurement, such as projective tests. Answer: C Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.6 Topic: Testing psychoanalytic theory p. 36 49) Silverman tested psychoanalytic research using the technique of A) dream interpretation. B) Rorschach inkblot tests. C) hypnosis. D) subliminal psychodynamic activation. Answer: D Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.6 Topic: Subliminal Psychodynamic Activation p. 37 50) Which statement best describes the current cognitive interpretation of the unconscious? A) Some material is not conscious because it was never the focus of attention. B) Material is unconscious if conscious awareness would be too anxiety provoking. C) Material is unconscious if it is dynamically related to fixations. D) Material becomes unconscious if a person was tired when events occurred. Answer: A Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It Learning Objective: 2.6 Topic: Current cognitive interpretation of the unconscious p. 37 38 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved True/False 1) Material that has been repressed is said to be “unconscious.” Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Repression and unconscious pp. 22 and 23 2) People generally identify with their unconscious mental processes. Answer: FALSE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Identity pp. 22 and 23 3) According to Freud, in cases of “conversion hysteria,” physical symptoms (paralysis, deafness, tics, and so forth) are caused by unconscious forces. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Conversion hysteria p. 23 4) Freud considered psychosis to be the experiencing of the unconscious in the raw. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Psychosis p. 25 5) The hidden meaning underlying dream symbols is called the “manifest content” of a dream. Answer: FALSE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Manifest vs. latent content p. 24 6) Freud did not believe that further information apart from the dream itself was necessary for the dreams interpretation. Answer: FALSE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Interpretation of dreams p. 24 39 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 7) The id functions according to the pleasure principle. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Id and the pleasure principle p. 26 8) Thanatos is “the death instinct.” Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Thanatos p. 27 9) Source, pressure, aim, and object are the four characteristics of instincts. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Characteristics of Instincts p. 27 10) The ego operates according to the pleasure principle. Answer: FALSE Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Ego p. 28 11) The superego functions according to primary process. Answer: FALSE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Superego p. 28 12) The “ego ideal” is an image of what a person would like to be. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Ego ideal p. 28 40 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 13) The id, ego, and superego coexist peacefully. Answer: FALSE Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Intrapsychic Conflict p. 28 14) The superego develops during the adolescent years. Answer: FALSE Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Analyze It Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Superego development p. 28 15) Repression of unacceptable thoughts or impulses requires psychic energy. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Repression and psychic energy p. 28 16) A person who uses projection as a defense mechanism perceives other people as having characteristics (such as dishonesty) that are actually the person ’s own unconscious wishes. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Projection p. 30 17) Cultural scapegoats can be unfairly accused of immoral acts because of the defense mechanism of projection. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Projection and scapegoats p. 30 18) Freud claimed that creative artists were able to access the unconscious through “regression in the service of the ego.” Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Creative artists and the unconscious p. 29 41 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 19) The maturity of defense mechanisms is unrelated to intelligence, education, and social class. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Correlates of defense mechanism maturity p. 30 20) The most desirable and healthy way of dealing with unacceptable impulses is intellectualization. Answer: FALSE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Most healthy defense mechanism pp. 29 and 30 21) Defense mechanisms cannot be measured by psychological tests. Answer: FALSE Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Measuring Defense Mechanisms p. 31 22) Psychoanalytic theory suggests that people desiring sexual reassignment surgery are displacing childhood sexual trauma. Answer: FALSE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know Leaning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Freud and sexual reassignment surgery pp. 29 and 31 23) Cross-cultural research suggests that the defense mechanisms are largely universal. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Universality of defense mechanisms p. 31 24) Fixation can result from a child’s early experience of psychic trauma. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective 2.5 Topic: Fixation p. 32 42 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 25) The first psychosexual stage is the anal stage. Answer: FALSE Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Order of psychosexual stages—Anal pp. 31–33 26) As the infant develops from the oral erotic to the oral sadistic phase, he or she becomes increasingly passive. Answer: FALSE Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Oral erotic vs. sadistic phase p. 32 27) Fixation in the oral period often results in the character trait of dependency. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Fixation at the oral stage p. 32 28) Fixation at the anal phase may result in conflicts over issues of control. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Fixation at the anal stage pp. 32 and 33 29) Psychoanalysis refers to both the scientific theory, based on discovering the unconscious content of personality, and a treatment technique. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Psychoanalysis p. 34 30) Neurologists now suggest that some of the clinical symptoms Freud observed, such as memory loss due to traumatic events, do have a neurological basis. Answer: TRUE Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.6 Topic: Current perspectives on psychoanalysis predictions p. 38 43 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Essay 1) Discuss why the time in which Freud practiced and theorized should be considered when evaluating his ideas. Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.1 Topic: Influence of time on Freud’s theory p. 21 2) Explain Freud’s concept of psychic determinism. Give two hypothetical examples and explain them in terms of psychic determinism. Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It and Apply What You Know Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Psychic Determinism p. 22 3) Alex dreams that he has a brand new baseball bat, bigger than any he has had before. Discuss this dream from a Freudian’s perspective. In your answer, include the manifest content of the dream and the latent content of the dream. Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Interpreting dreams pp. 24 and 25 4) Discuss the role of humor in the expression of the unconscious. Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Humor and the unconscious p. 25 5) List and discuss the four basic aspects of instincts. Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Basic aspects of instincts p. 27 6) Explain the functions of the id, the superego, and the ego. Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Functions served by id, superego, and ego pp. 25–28 44 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 7) What is intrapsychic conflict? Describe the roles of the id, the ego, and the superego in this conflict. Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Intrapsychic Conflict pp. 28–31 8) What is the purpose of defense mechanisms? List three defense mechanisms and give an example of each. Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Defense Mechanisms pp. 29–31 9) List the five psychosexual stages of development. What development occurs in each of the first three stages? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Psychosexual stages pp. 31–34 10) Compare and contrast access to the unconscious by a creative artist vs. a psychotic. Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Artist vs. psychotic access to unconscious p. 29 11) Summarize and discuss Freud’s theory of the personality differences between males and females. Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Personality differences between males and females pp. 33 and 34 12) Describe psychoanalytic treatment. Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It Learning Objective: 2.6 Topic: Psychoanalysis p. 35 13) Describe empirical evidence that tests Freud’s theory. Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It Learning Objective: 2.6 Topic: Empirical tests of Psychoanalysis pp. 36–38 45 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 14) Discuss Silverman’s experiments on subliminal psychodynamic activation. Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It Learning Objective: 2.6 Topic: Silverman’s Experiments pp. 36 and 37 15) Discuss the concept of nonconscious cognition and how it differs from Freud’s idea of the unconscious. Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It Learning Objective: 2.6 Topic: Nonconscious vs. unconscious pp. 36–38 46 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Name:________________________________ Chapter 2 – Quick Quiz 1) Mental processes which we are chronically unaware are called A) preconscious. B) conscious. C) sublimated. D) unconscious. 2) The most primitive structure of personality is the A) id. B) ego. C) superego. D) Oedipus conflict. 3) Which structure of personality is responsible for conscious adaptation to reality? A) Id B) Ego C) Superego D) Preconscious 4) Which structure of personality corresponds to the “voice of conscience,” warning us to avoid evil? A) Ego B) Id C) Superego D) Hallucination 5) The purpose of defense mechanisms is to A) resolve intrapsychic conflict. B) preserve life. C) preserve sleep. D) signal that the id may take over the personality. 6) In order of their occurrence, the first three psychosexual stages are: A) anal, oral, and phallic. B) phallic, anal, and oral. C) oral, anal, and phallic. D) oral, phallic, and anal. 7) During the Oedipal stage, boys are afraid of A) all women. B) their mothers. C) castration. D) failure in school. 8) Freud’s “iceberg metaphor” illustrates that A) most people are “cold.” B) repression requires energy. C) most of the mind’s processes are unconscious. D) the same substance can appear in quite different forms. 47 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 9) Freud’s criterion of mental health is A) love and work. B) frequency of dreaming. C) willingness to undergo psychoanalysis. D) wealth. 10) During psychoanalytic treatment, buried feelings may emerge from the unconscious. This is called A) cathexis. B) catharsis. C) free association. D) transference. 48 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Answer Key Chapter 2 – Quick Quiz 1. Answer: D Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Unconscious pp. 22 and 23 2. Answer: A Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Id as a primitive structure pp. 25 and 26 3. Answer: B Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Ego p. 28 4. Answer: C Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.3 Topic: Superego and conscience p. 38 5. Answer: A Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.4 Topic: Defense Mechanisms p. 29 6. Answer: C Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective 2.5 Topic: Psychosexual Stages pp. 31 and 32 7. Answer: C Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Learning Objective: 2.5 Topic: Oedipal stage p. 32 49 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 8. Answer: C Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.2 Topic: Iceberg metaphor p. 22 9. Answer: A Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.6 Topic: Love and work as indicators of mental health p. 34 10. Answer: B Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Evaluate It Learning Objective: 2.6 Topic: Catharsis p. 35 50 Copyright © 2019, 2013, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved