Test Bank for Structure And Function Of The Body, 16th Edition

Chapter 02: Chemistry of Life MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is not a subatomic particle that makes up the atom? a. Ion b. Proton c. Neutron d. Electron ANS: A OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 2. The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of a. electrons b. neutrons c. protons d. both b and c above ANS: C OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 3. The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of a. electrons b. neutrons c. protons d. both b and c above ANS: D OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 4. This subatomic particle is found in the nucleus of the atom. a. Electron b. Neutron c. Proton d. Both b and c above ANS: D OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 5. This subatomic particle is found in orbitals around the nucleus of the atom. a. Electron b. Neutron c. Proton d. Both b and c above ANS: A OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms 6. This is not a characteristic of a proton: a. contributes to the atom’s atomic number b. contributes to the atom’s atomic mass REF: p. 24 c. is located in the nucleus of the atom d. carries a negative electrical charge ANS: D OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 7. This is not a characteristic of a neutron: a. contributes to the atom’s atomic number b. contributes to the atom’s atomic mass c. is located in the nucleus of the atom d. has no electrical charge ANS: A OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 8. This is not a characteristic of an electron: a. is in an orbital around the nucleus of the atom b. has a negative electrical charge c. contributes to the atom’s atomic number d. all of the above are characteristics of an electron ANS: C OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 9. A particular atom has 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons. The atomic number of this atom is a. 49 b. 32 c. 33 d. 16 ANS: D TOP: Atoms DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 10. A particular atom has 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons. The atomic mass of this atom is a. b. c. d. 49 32 33 16 ANS: C TOP: Atoms DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 11. The second energy level of an atom a. has four orbitals b. can hold eight electrons c. is a lower energy level then the first energy level d. both a and b above ANS: B TOP: Atoms DIF: Application REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 12. Compounds are a. pure substances b. made up of only one type of atom c. made up of two or more different types of atoms d. both a and b above ANS: C OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 13. The formula for oxygen gas is O2; this means it is a. made up of two atoms of oxygen b. a molecule c. a compound d. both a and b above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 24 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds OBJ: 1 14. If an atom had 20 protons and 18 electrons, it would a. have a negative 2 charge b. have a plus 2 charge c. be attracted to a positively charged ion d. both a and c above ANS: B TOP: Ionic bonds DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 15. Ionic bonds: a. usually dissolve easily in water b. produced ions when dissolved in water c. are formed by atoms of opposite charge d. all of the above ANS: D OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Ionic bonds REF: p. 25 16. Covalent bonds a. dissociate in water b. are formed when electrons are shared between atoms c. are formed by atoms of opposite charge d. both a and c above ANS: B OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Covalent bonds REF: pp. 25-26 17. Organic compounds must contain a. oxygen b. carbon–oxygen bonds c. hydrogen–oxygen bonds d. none of the above ANS: D OBJ: 4 DIF: Memorization TOP: Inorganic chemistry REF: p. 27 18. Which of the following is not true of water? a. Water is the most abundant organic compound in the body. b. Water is found both in and around the cells of the body. c. Water is the solvent in which most other compounds are dissolved. d. All of the above are true of water. ANS: A OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 19. In a dehydration synthesis reaction: a. water is a reactant b. water is a product c. a large molecule is broken down into a smaller one d. both a and c above ANS: B OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 20. In a dehydration synthesis reaction: a. hydrogen and oxygen are removed from the reactants b. water is added to the reactants c. water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen d. both a and c above ANS: A OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 21. In a hydrolysis reaction: a. water is a product b. water is a reactant c. water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen d. the product is larger than either reactant ANS: B OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 22. Which of the following statements is true? a. The process of hydrolysis is used to build a larger molecule from smaller molecules. b. Water is an end product of a hydrolysis reaction. c. The process of dehydration synthesis is used to build a larger molecule from smaller molecules. d. Water is a reactant in a dehydration synthesis reaction. ANS: C OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 23. Which is not true of the following chemical equation? K+ + Cl– → KCl a. The equation indicates that there are two reactants. b. The equation indicates that there is one product. c. The equation indicates that the reaction occurs in both directions equally. d. All of the above are true. ANS: C OBJ: 4 DIF: Memorization TOP: Inorganic chemistry REF: p. 28 24. An acid a. has a pH greater than 7 b. has a pH less than 7 c. has more OH– ions than H+ ions in solution d. both a and c above ANS: B OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 28 25. A base a. has a pH greater than 7 b. has a pH less than 7 c. has more OH– ions than H+ ions in solution d. both a and c above ANS: D OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 28 26. A solution with a pH of 6 a. is an acid b. is a base c. has 10 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 5 d. both a and c above ANS: A OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 28 27. A solution with a pH of 11 a. is an acid b. is a base c. has 10 times more OH– ions than a solution with a pH of 10 d. both b and c above ANS: D OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 28 28. When the body removes CO2 by way of the respiratory system a. it lowers the pH of the blood b. it raises the pH of the blood c. it has no effect on pH because CO2 is neither an acid nor a base d. it is acting as a buffer ANS: B OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 29 29. If a strong acid were added to one container of pure water and an equal amount of a weak acid were added to a second container of pure water: a. the pH of both containers would go up equally b. the pH of both containers would go down equally c. the pH of the container with the strong acid would go up more than the container with the weak acid d. none of the above ANS: D DIF: Application TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 30. Which of the following is a monosaccharide? a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Lactose d. Glucagon ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 30 31. Which of the following is a disaccharide? a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Starch d. Glycogen ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 30 32. Which of the following is a polysaccharide? a. Glucose b. Lactose c. Sucrose d. Glycogen ANS: D OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 30 33. Liver cells and muscle cells are able to store chains of glucose in a molecule called a. glycogen b. polyglucose c. sucrose d. lactose ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 30 34. Which of the following is not true of triglycerides? a. A part of the molecule attracts water. b. The molecule contains three fatty acids. c. The molecule contains glycerol. d. Triglycerides are used by the body to store energy. ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 30 35. Which of the following is not true of phospholipids? a. The molecule contains three fatty acids. b. The molecule has a water-attracting part. c. The molecule has a water-repelling part. d. It is important in the structure of the cell membrane. ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 30 36. Which of the following is not true of cholesterol? a. It is a steroid lipid. b. It helps stabilize the cell membrane. c. It contains only two fatty acids. d. It is the starting point for making the hormone estrogen. ANS: C OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 31 37. This lipid can be found in the cell membrane a. triglycerides b. phospholipids c. cholesterol d. both b and c above ANS: D OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 31 38. Which of the following is a structural protein? a. Hormones b. Collagen c. Growth factor d. Enzymes ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins REF: p. 32 39. The “lock and key” model is use to describe the functioning of a. enzymes b. collagen molecules c. keratin molecules d. both a and c above ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins REF: p. 32 40. Which of the following is not true of enzymes? a. They function on the lock and key model. b. They are functional proteins. c. They are catalysts. d. All of the above are true of enzymes. ANS: D OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins REF: p. 32 41. This molecule is found in DNA but not RNA a. guanine b. thymine c. uracil d. adenine ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 32 42. This molecule is found in DNA but not RNA a. adenine b. ribose sugar c. deoxyribose sugar d. phosphate ANS: C OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 32 43. This molecule is found in RNA but not DNA a. guanine b. thymine c. uracil d. adenine ANS: C OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 32 44. This molecule is found in RNA but not DNA a. ribose sugar b. deoxyribose sugar c. adenine d. cytosine ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 32 45. This subatomic particle does not contribute to the mass of an atom a. proton b. neutron c. electron d. all of the above particles contribute to the mass of an atom ANS: C OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 46. The magnesium atom has two electrons in its outer energy level and is willing to donate both of them. The sodium atom has seven electrons in its outer energy level and will accept one electron. The chemical formula for the compound formed by magnesium and sodium would be a. Mg2Na b. MgNa2 c. Mg2S d. MgS2 ANS: B TOP: Ionic bonds DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 25-26 OBJ: 3 47. Which of the following organs help maintain the proper pH of body fluids? a. Kidneys by forming urine b. Lungs by exhaling carbon dioxide c. Spleen by filtering the blood d. Both a and b above ANS: D OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 29 48. Which of the following lipids do not contain fatty acids? a. Phospholipids b. Cholesterol c. Triglycerides d. Both a and b above ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: pp. 30-31 49. Which of the following lipids are used as starting points in the making of hormones? a. Phospholipids b. Cholesterol c. Triglycerides d. Both b and c above ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 31 50. In an atom, each orbital can hold a. one electron b. two electrons c. eight electrons d. hydrogen can hold two and the rest of the atoms can hold eight ANS: B OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 24 51. An isotope is an atom with a. more protons than electrons b. more electrons than protons c. the same number of protons but different number of neutrons d. either a or b above ANS: C OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 25 TOP: Clinical Application: Radioactive Isotopes 52. Which of the following carries a positive electrical charge? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: A OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 53. Which of the following is found in the nucleus of the atom? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: D OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 54. Which of the following is found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus of the atom? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: C OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 55. Which of the following carries no electrical charge? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: B OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 56. Which of the following contributes to the atom’s atomic mass? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: D OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 57. Which of the following contributes to the atom’s atomic number? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: A OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms 58. Which of the following carries a negative electrical charge? REF: p. 23 a. b. c. d. Proton Neutron Electron Both proton and neutron ANS: C OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 59. Which of the following contain three fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol? a. Enzymes b. Triglycerides c. Phospholipids d. All of the above ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 29 60. Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide? a. Glucose b. Lactose c. Glycogen d. Starch ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 30 61. Which of the following has thymine as one of its nucleotides? a. DNA b. RNA c. Both a and b above d. Neither a nor b above ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 32 62. Which of the following is a lipid with a water-attracting and water-repelling part of its molecule? a. Triglycerides b. Cholesterol c. Phospholipids d. None of the above ANS: C OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 30 63. Which of the following is an example of a structural protein? a. Enzymes b. Collagen c. Glycogen d. None of the above ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins REF: p. 32 64. Which of the following is an example of a functional protein? a. Collagen b. Glycogen c. Enzymes d. None of the above ANS: C OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins REF: p. 32 65. Which of the following is a lipid that can be found along with cholesterol in the cell membrane? a. Triglycerides b. Phospholipids c. Both a and b above d. Neither a nor b above ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 30 66. Which of the following is a nucleic acid with a double helix structure? a. DNA b. RNA c. Both a and b above d. Neither a nor b above ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 32 67. Which of the following is a protein whose function is explained by the lock and key model? a. Collagen b. Glycogen c. Enzymes d. None of the above ANS: C OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins REF: p. 32 68. Which of the following has uracil as one of its nucleotides? a. DNA b. RNA c. Both a and b above d. Neither a nor b above ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids 69. Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide? a. Glucose b. Dextrose c. Glycogen d. Lactose REF: p. 32 ANS: D OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 30 70. Which of the following is a starting substance for making the hormones estrogen and testosterone? a. Lactose b. Collagen c. DNA d. Cholesterol ANS: D OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 31 71. Which of the following acts as a chemical catalyst? a. DNA b. RNA c. Enzymes d. Phospholipids ANS: C OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins REF: p. 32 72. Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide? a. Glucose b. Glycogen c. Dextrose d. Lactose ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 30 73. Which of the following is the steroid lipid? a. Cholesterol b. Triglycerides c. Enzymes d. Phospholipids ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 31 74. This element is not one of the elements that make up 96% of the body. a. Nitrogen b. Hydrogen c. Oxygen d. Sodium ANS: D OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 75. This is a way the body can remove excess H+ ions from the body a. excreting them in the urine b. exhaling CO2 from the lungs c. using a buffer d. all of the above can remove H+ ions from the blood ANS: D OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 29 76. This modified nucleotide plays an important role in energy-transfer in the body a. adenosine triphosphate b. enzymes c. mRNA d. glycoproteins ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 33 77. Low blood pH results in a condition called a. alkalosis b. acidosis c. atherosclerosis d. hydrolysis ANS: B OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 29 TRUE/FALSE 1. Matter can be defined as anything that occupies space and has mass. ANS: T OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Levels of chemical organization REF: p. 23 2. Atoms have never been seen by scientists, but their presence is strongly supported by the atomic theory. ANS: F OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 3. The proton of the atom carries a positive electrical charge. ANS: T OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 4. The proton of the atom is found in orbitals around the nucleus. ANS: F OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 5. The proton of an atom is found in the nucleus. ANS: T OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms 6. An atom with 15 protons would have an atomic mass of 15. REF: p. 23 ANS: F TOP: Atoms DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 7. An atom with 15 protons would have an atomic number of 15. ANS: T TOP: Atoms DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 8. An atom with 15 protons and 15 electrons would have an atomic mass of 30. ANS: F TOP: Atoms DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 9. An atom with 15 protons and 15 neutrons would have an atomic mass of 30. ANS: T TOP: Atoms DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 10. Neutrons have no electrical charge. ANS: T OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 11. Neutrons and electrons are found in the nucleus of the atom. ANS: F OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 12. Neutrons contribute to the atomic number of an atom. ANS: F OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 13. Neutrons contribute to the atomic mass of the atom. ANS: T OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 14. Electrons carry a negative electrical charge. ANS: T OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 15. The number of electrons plus the number of protons is equal to the atomic number of an atom. ANS: F OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 16. All orbitals of an atom can hold two electrons. ANS: T OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 17. All energy levels of an atom can hold four orbitals. ANS: F OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 24 18. All energy levels can hold eight electrons. ANS: F OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 24 19. The first energy level of an atom can hold only two orbitals. ANS: F OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 24 20. The first energy level of an atom is closest to the nucleus and is the lowest energy level. ANS: T OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 24 21. The terms energy level and electron orbital are interchangeable. ANS: F OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 24 22. Elements are pure substances. ANS: T OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 23. The terms molecule and compound are interchangeable. ANS: F OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 24. A formula of a compound tells you the number and types of elements that make up that compound. ANS: T OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 25. The elements sodium, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen make up 96% of the human body. ANS: F OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 26. An atom is said to be chemically stable when its outer energy level is full. ANS: T OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Chemical bonding REF: p. 24 27. An atom with one more electron than proton would have a plus one charge. ANS: F TOP: Ionic bonds DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 28. In order for an atom to be an ion, the number of electrons cannot equal the number of protons. ANS: T TOP: Ionic bonds DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 29. When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they tend to dissociate into ions. ANS: T OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Ionic bonds REF: p. 25 30. The ions that are dissolved in water are called electrolytes. ANS: T OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Ionic bonds REF: p. 25 31. The symbol for a sodium atom that has lost one electron would be Na. ANS: F TOP: Ionic bonds DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 32. The symbol for a sodium atom that has lost one electron would be Na+. ANS: T TOP: Ionic bonds DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 33. Atom X has eight electrons, two in its first energy level and six in its second energy level. It would most likely form an ion with a plus two charge. ANS: F TOP: Ionic bonds DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 34. Covalent bonds do not usually dissociate in water. ANS: T OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Covalent bonds REF: p. 26 35. Covalent bonds dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. ANS: F OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Covalent bonds REF: p. 26 36. All compounds in the human body are, by definition, organic compounds. ANS: F OBJ: 4 DIF: Memorization TOP: Inorganic chemistry 37. Organic compounds must have either a C–C or C–H bond. REF: p. 27 ANS: T OBJ: 4 DIF: Memorization TOP: Inorganic chemistry REF: p. 27 38. Water is an inorganic compound. ANS: T OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 39. Aqueous solutions have water as the solvent. ANS: T OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 40. In a dehydration synthesis reaction, water is always a reactant. ANS: F OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 41. In a dehydration synthesis reaction, water is always a product. ANS: T OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 42. In dehydration synthesis reaction, smaller reactants are joined to form a larger product. ANS: T OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 43. In the process of hydrolysis, a molecule of water is broken down to hydrogen and oxygen. ANS: F OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 44. In hydrolysis, water is used to break the bonds of a larger molecule and convert it to smaller molecules. ANS: T OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 45. In a hydrolysis reaction, water is always an end product. ANS: F OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 46. Hydrolysis is virtually the reverse of a dehydration synthesis reaction. ANS: T OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 47. Acids produce an excess of H+ ions. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 48. Bases produce an excess of OH– ions. ANS: T OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 28 49. An increase in H+ ions will cause an increase in the pH value. ANS: F OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 28 50. An increase in pH value would mean more H+ ions are in solution. ANS: F DIF: Application TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 51. A solution with a pH of 4 has 100 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2. ANS: F DIF: Application TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 52. A solution with a pH of 3 has 10 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 4. ANS: T DIF: Application TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 53. A solution that has a greater concentration of OH– ions than H+ ions would be called a base. ANS: T OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 28 54. A strong acid added to a solution would raise the pH more than the same amount of a weak acid added to the solution. ANS: F DIF: Application TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 55. When a neutralization reaction occurs between a strong acid and base, one of the end products is water. ANS: T OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 29 56. A buffer is a chemical that helps prevent a sudden change in pH. ANS: T OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 29 57. The word carbohydrate literally means “sugar.” ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 58. Both sucrose and lactose are monosaccharides. ANS: F OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 30 59. Glucose is used by the body as a source of energy. ANS: T OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 29 60. Both sucrose and lactose are disaccharides. ANS: T OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 30 61. A molecule of glycogen contains more saccharide units than a molecule of sucrose. ANS: T DIF: TOP: Carbohydrates Application REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 62. A molecule of glucose has more saccharide units than a molecule of lactose. ANS: F DIF: TOP: Carbohydrates Application REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 63. Muscles store chains of glucose in a molecule called dextrose. ANS: F OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 30 64. Glycogen and starch are both polysaccharides. ANS: T OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 30 65. Cholesterol is an important source of energy for the body. ANS: F OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 30 66. Phospholipids and triglycerides both contain fatty acids. ANS: T OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 30 67. Phospholipids and triglycerides both have parts of their molecules that attract water. ANS: F OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 30 68. Phospholipids are the starting substance for several steroid hormones in the body. ANS: F OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 31 69. Both phospholipids and cholesterol are structural components of the cell membrane. ANS: T OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: pp. 30-31 70. Both phospholipids and cholesterol are steroid lipids. ANS: F OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 31 71. The bonds that join amino acids together to form a protein are called peptide bonds. ANS: T OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins REF: p. 31 72. The functional proteins in the body include hormones, collagen, and cell membrane receptors. ANS: F OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins REF: p. 32 73. The shape of proteins determines their role in body chemistry. ANS: T OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins REF: p. 32 74. The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides. ANS: T OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 32 75. Both DNA and RNA contain uracil. ANS: F OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 32 76. Both DNA and RNA contain a sugar molecule as part of their structure. ANS: T DIF: TOP: Nucleic acids Application REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 77. Both DNA and RNA have a double helix structure. ANS: F OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 32 78. DNA is the “master code” for making proteins. ANS: T OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 32 79. LDLs have a high concentration of protein and low concentration of lipid. ANS: F OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins 80. HDL is sometimes called the “bad” cholesterol. ANS: F OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins 81. LDL is sometimes called the “bad” cholesterol. ANS: T OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins 82. High levels of LDL are associated with the development of atherosclerosis. ANS: T OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins 83. An atom’s mass number is usually greater than its atomic number. ANS: T TOP: Atoms DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 84. An atom’s atomic number is usually greater than its mass number. ANS: F TOP: Atoms DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 85. Electrons move in an elliptical orbit rather than a circular orbit around the nucleus. ANS: F OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: pp. 23-24 86. An electron in the third energy level is closer to the nucleus than an electron in the second energy level. ANS: F OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 24 87. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 24 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds OBJ: 1 88. The bond between carbon and hydrogen in an organic compound is an example of a covalent bond. ANS: T OBJ: 4 DIF: Memorization TOP: Inorganic chemistry REF: p. 26 89. Water is the most abundant solute in the body. ANS: F OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 90. Chemical bonds can store potential chemical energy. ANS: T OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: pp. 27-28 91. The primary source of energy used by the body is a carbohydrate. ANS: T OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 30 92. The only group of organic compounds that contains sugar is the carbohydrates. ANS: F DIF: Application TOP: Carbohydrates | Nucleic acids REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 93. Adenosine triphosphate is a modified nucleotide that is important in energy transfer in the body. ANS: T OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 30 94. If blood pH tests indicate that your blood pH is high, you are suffering from alkalosis. ANS: T DIF: Application TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 29 MATCHING Match the name of the element with the correct symbol. a. Potassium b. Phosphorus c. Sodium d. Calcium e. Carbon f. Hydrogen g. Chlorine h. Nitrogen 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. C Ca Cl H Na P K OBJ: 6 8. N 1. ANS: E OBJ: 1 2. ANS: D OBJ: 1 3. ANS: G OBJ: 1 4. ANS: F OBJ: 1 5. ANS: C OBJ: 1 6. ANS: B OBJ: 1 7. ANS: A OBJ: 1 8. ANS: H OBJ: 1 DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds p. 26 p. 26 p. 26 p. 26 p. 26 p. 26 p. 26 p. 26 Match the term with its definition or explanation. a. Proton b. Electron c. Neutron d. Atomic mass e. Atomic number f. Element g. Compound h. Hydrolysis i. Acid j. Base k. Covalent bond l. Ionic bond m. Water n. Buffer o. Electrolytes p. Dehydration synthesis 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. A process where a molecule of water is used to make large compounds smaller A substance composed of more than one type of element When an ionic compound dissociates in water it forms these Bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges A subatomic particle with a positive charge The most important inorganic compound in the body A substance that resists a change in pH A subatomic particle with a negative charge The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom The number of protons in an atom A pure substance made up of only one kind of atom A subatomic particle with no charge 21. 22. 23. 24. A substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions in a solution A bond formed when electrons are shared A substance that increases the concentration of OH– ions in a solution A process where a molecule of water is removed to make two small molecules into one larger molecule 9. ANS: H OBJ: 5 10. ANS: G OBJ: 1 11. ANS: O OBJ: 3 12. ANS: L OBJ: 3 13. ANS: A OBJ: 2 14. ANS: M OBJ: 5 15. ANS: N OBJ: 6 16. ANS: B OBJ: 2 17. ANS: D OBJ: 2 18. ANS: E OBJ: 2 19. ANS: F OBJ: 1 20. ANS: C OBJ: 2 21. ANS: I OBJ: 6 22. ANS: K OBJ: 3 23. ANS: J OBJ: 6 24. ANS: P OBJ: 5 DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: Memorization REF: Water Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds Memorization REF: Ionic bonds Memorization REF: Ionic bonds Memorization REF: Atoms Memorization REF: Water Memorization REF: Acids, bases, and salts Memorization REF: Atoms Memorization REF: Atoms Memorization REF: Atoms Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds Memorization REF: Atoms Memorization REF: Acids, bases, and salts Memorization REF: Covalent bonds Memorization REF: Acids, bases, and salts Memorization REF: Water Match the term with the definition or explanation. a. Glucose b. Enzyme c. Triglyceride d. Glycogen e. Cholesterol f. Adenosine triphosphate g. RNA h. Phospholipids i. Collagen j. DNA p. 27 p. 24 p. 25 p. 26 p. 23 p. 27 p. 29 p. 23 p. 23 p. 23 p. 24 p. 23 p. 28 p. 25 p. 28 p. 27 25. This is an example of a functional protein. 26. This nucleic acid has thymine as one of its nitrogen bases. 27. This lipid has a side that attracts water and another side that repels water and is important in 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. formation of cell membranes. This is the monosaccharide that the body prefers for its source of energy. This is an example of a structural protein. This nucleic acid has uracil as one of its nitrogen bases. This lipid is made up of a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids. This is a special type of nucleotide that is used to transfer energy in the body. This is a lipid that is used in the making of a number of hormones in the body. This is the polysaccharide that the human body stores for energy. 25. ANS: B OBJ: 7 26. ANS: J OBJ: 7 27. ANS: H OBJ: 7 28. ANS: A OBJ: 7 29. ANS: I OBJ: 7 30. ANS: G OBJ: 7 31. ANS: C OBJ: 7 32. ANS: F OBJ: 7 33. ANS: E OBJ: 7 34. ANS: D OBJ: 7 DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: Memorization Proteins Memorization Nucleic acids Memorization Lipids Memorization Carbohydrates Memorization Protein Memorization Nucleic acids Memorization Lipids Memorization Nucleic acids Memorization Lipids Memorization Carbohydrates REF: p. 32 REF: p. 32 REF: p. 30 REF: p. 30 REF: p. 32 REF: p. 32 REF: p. 30 REF: p. 33 REF: p. 31 REF: p. 29 ESSAY 1. Briefly describe the structure of the atom. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 2. A particular atom contains 28 protons, 28 electrons, and 31 neutrons. What is its atomic mass? What is its atomic number? ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 3. Distinguish among an element, a molecule, and a compound. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds OBJ: 1 4. Write the correct chemical formula for a substance containing four atoms of chlorine and one atom of carbon. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 5. Assume an atom of element X has two electrons in its outermost energy level. Two atoms of element Y each have seven electrons in their outermost energy level (eight is stable). Explain how an ionic bond would form among these three atoms and give the formula for the compound. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Atoms, Ionic bonds 6. Explain the relationship between the number of H+ ions in solution and the pH value. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 7. Describe the three ways in which the body can regulate the removal of H+ ions or a sudden change in pH. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 29 OBJ: 6 8. List the three types of lipids in the body and describe the structure and function of each. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: pp. 30-31 OBJ: 7 9. Differentiate between DNA and RNA in terms of structure and function. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: p. 29 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 10. Describe the two different types of lipoproteins in the blood. Explain their possible impact on health. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins OBJ: 7 11. Explain the difference between structural and functional proteins. Give an example of each. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 12. Describe the types of carbohydrates. What are the two large molecules that can store carbohydrates? ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: pp. 29-30 OBJ: 7