Test Bank for Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9th Edition

Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Chapter 2: The Organization and Graphic Presentation of Data Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. The sum of all proportions in a frequency distribution should sum to ______. A. 0 B. 1 C. 100 D. N. Ans: B Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Easy 2. What is the major difference between frequency distributions for nominal and ordinal variables? A. number of actual events or occurrences B. number of possible events or occurrence C. difference of number of actual events or occurrences from number of possible events or occurrence D. the order in which the categories are listed Ans: D Learning Objective: 2-3: Compare and contrast frequency and percentage distributions for nominal, ordinal, and interval–ratio variables. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Frequency Distributions for Ordinal Variables Difficulty Level: Easy Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 3. In a sample of 250 respondents, females account for three fifths of all observations in the sample. What is the total number of males in the sample? A. 100 B. 150 C. two fifths D. three fifths Ans: A Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Easy 4. A table showing the frequency at or below each category for a variable of interest is referred to as a ______. A. frequency distribution B. difference distribution C. cumulative frequency distribution D. cumulative difference distribution Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-1: Construct and analyze frequency, percentage, and cumulative distributions. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Cumulative Distributions Difficulty Level: Easy 5. Which of the following is not a proportion? A. 0.0 B. 0.5 C. 1.0 D. 1.5 Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Ans: D Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Medium 6. In a sample of 310 people, 186 completed only high school, 24 completed only some college, 93 completed a two-year or four-year college, and 7 attended graduate school. What proportion of the sample does not have a two-year or four-year college degree? A. 0.27 B. 0.15 C. 0.32 D. 0.81 Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Medium 7. What is the formula for a proportion? A. p = f/N B. p = N/f C. p = (f/N)  100 D. p = (f/100)  N Ans: A Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Easy Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 8. A relative frequency obtained by dividing the frequency in each category by the total number of cases and multiplying by 100 is a ______. A. count B. frequency C. proportion D. percentage Ans: D Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Easy 9. A rate based on the total population is referred to as a(n) ______ rate. A. actual B. determinant C. whole D. crude Ans: D Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Rates Difficulty Level: Easy 10. A rate is usually expressed as a ______. A. count B. frequency C. multiple of the sample size D. multiple of some power of 10 Ans: D Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Rates Difficulty Level: Easy 11. Which of the following is not a rate? A. the number of female births per 1,000 women in ages from 25 to 29 B. the number of deaths to infants between the ages of 0 and 1 per 100,000 population C. the number of violent crimes committed in U.S. cities between 2005 and 2007 D. the number of second marriages per 100,000 adults of marriageable age Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Rates Difficulty Level: Medium 12. About 13% of survey respondents in a sample reported that they do not attend religious services regularly. About what proportion of respondents did not attend religious services regularly? A. 13 B. 0.13 C. 87 D. 0.87 Ans: B Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Easy 13. The sum of all frequencies in a frequency distribution should sum to ______. A. 0 B. 1 Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 C. 100 D. N. Ans: D Learning Objective: 2-3: Compare and contrast frequency and percentage distributions for nominal, ordinal, and interval–ratio variables. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Construction of Frequency Distributions Difficulty Level: Easy 14. In a sample of 6,000 respondents, men account for 35% of all observations in the sample. What is the total number of females in the sample? A. 1,500 B. 200 C. 3,900 D. 4,000 Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Medium 15. A proportion is a ______. A. relative frequency obtained by dividing the total number of cases by the frequency in each category B. relative frequency obtained by dividing the frequency in each category by the total number of cases C. number representing the total number of cases in a population D. distribution showing the frequency at or below each category of the variable Ans: B Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Easy 16. A cumulative percentage distribution shows the ______. A. percentage at or above each category of the variable B. total number of cases in a population C. percentage at or below each category of the variable D. total frequency of all variables Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-1: Construct and analyze frequency, percentage, and cumulative distributions. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Cumulative Distributions Difficulty Level: Easy 17. Inspecting the title and checking the sources are basic principles of ______. A. studying for an exam B. reading a statistical table C. determining research question D. calculating a rate Ans: B Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Reading the Research Literature: Access to Public Benefits Difficulty Level: Easy 18. What is the formula for a percentage? A. p = f/N B. p = N/f C. p = (f/N)100 Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 D. p = (N/f)100 Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Easy 19. A graph showing the differences in frequencies or percentages among the categories of a nominal or an ordinal variable, and for which the “pieces” sum to 100% of the total frequencies, is referred to as a ______. A. bar graph B. pie chart C. frequency polygon D. histogram Ans: B Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Pie Chart Difficulty Level: Easy 20. A graph showing the difference in frequencies or percentages among the categories of a nominal or an ordinal variable, and in which the categories are displayed as rectangles of equal width with their height proportional to the frequency or percentage of the category, is referred to as a ______. A. bar graph B. pie chart C. frequency polygon D. histogram Ans: A Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Bar Graph Difficulty Level: Easy 21. A graph showing the differences in frequencies or percentages among the categories of an interval–ratio variable, and in which the categories are displayed as contiguous bars with width proportional to the width of the category and height proportional to the frequency or percentage of that category, is called a ______. A. bar graph B. pie chart C. frequency polygon D. histogram Ans: D Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Histogram Difficulty Level: Easy 22. A graph showing the differences in the frequencies or percentages among the categories of an interval–ratio variable, and in which the points are used to represent the frequencies of each category and placed above the midpoint of the category and then joined by a straight line, is referred to as a ______. A. bar graph B. pie chart C. line graph D. histogram Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Line Graph Difficulty Level: Easy Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 23. Which of the following is NOT true about time-series charts? A. Time, usually measured in months or years, is placed on the horizontal axis. B. The height of the bars is proportional to the frequency or percentage of observations. C. Frequencies or percentages are usually placed along the vertical axis. D. The values across the various time points are joined by a line. Ans: B Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Time-series Chart Difficulty Level: Easy 24. Which of the following graphic devices is most appropriate for displaying nominal or ordinal data? A. a histogram B. a frequency polygon C. a bar graph D. a pie chart Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Bar Graph Difficulty Level: Easy 25. Which graphic device is best suited for comparing how an interval–ratio variable is distributed across two or more groups or time periods? A. a histogram B. a pie chart C. a line graph Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 D. a time-series chart Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Line Graph Difficulty Level: Easy 26. The most common distortions in graphical representations occur when the ______. A. data are wrong B. sources are not cited properly C. distance along one of the axes is altered D. device is inappropriately used Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: A Closer Look 2.2: A Cautionary Note: Distortions in Graphs Difficulty Level: Medium 27. In a ______, the bars that represent the categories of a variable are spaced so that one bar is not directly next to another; whereas in a ______, the bars actually touch one another. A. bar graph; histogram B. histogram; bar graph C. frequency polygon; bar graph D. bar graph; frequency polygon Ans: A Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Bar Graph | The Histogram Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Difficulty Level: Easy 28. A survey of 3,055 respondents asked whether or not anyone had been widowed. Eighty persons responded “yes.” What percentage of respondents have never been widowed? A. 2.69 B. 80.00 C. 97.31 D. 2,975 Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Easy 29. A survey of 8,100 respondents asked whether or not the respondent was married between the years of 2013 and 2018. Eighty percent responded “yes.” Which of the following graphic devices would best display this information? A. time-series chart B. frequency distribution C. bar graph D. histogram Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: The Bar Graph Difficulty Level: Medium 30. Imagine one of your colleagues is constructing a histogram to graph results of the survey question “Which state do you live in?” What is the concern with your colleague’s approach? A. It is unlikely that the slices of the pie sum to 100%. B. The colleague has used an inappropriate graphic device. Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 C. The colleague has not ensured that the frequencies at each time point sum to N. D. The bars representing the categories are likely not as contiguous as they should be. Ans: B Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Histogram Difficulty Level: Medium 31. Imagine one of your colleagues is constructing a pie chart to graph results of the survey question “What kind of pet do you have?” What should be your first response upon reviewing their work? A. to note whether the “slices” of the pie sum to 100% B. to suggest that he or she has in fact used an inappropriate graphic device C. to ensure that the frequencies at each time point sum to N D. to check whether the bars representing the categories are contiguous as they should be Ans: A Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Pie Chart Difficulty Level: Medium 32. Imagine one of your colleagues is constructing a histogram to graph results of data collected on respondents’ occupational prestige score, a score that can take on any nonzero value. What should be your first response upon reviewing the work? A. to note whether the “slices” of the pie sum to 100% B. to suggest that he or she has in fact used an inappropriate graphic device C. to ensure that the frequencies at each time point sum to N D. to check whether the bars representing the categories are contiguous as they should be Ans: D Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Histogram Difficulty Level: Medium 33. Imagine one of your colleagues is constructing a pie chart to graph results of data collected on respondent’s occupational prestige score, a score that can take on any nonzero value. What should be your first response upon reviewing the work? A. to note whether the “slices” of the pie sum to 100% B. to suggest that your colleague has used an inappropriate graphic device C. to ensure that the frequencies at each time point sum to N D. to check whether the bars representing the categories are contiguous as they should be Ans: A Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Pie Chart Difficulty Level: Medium 34. Which of the following statements is TRUE about bar charts? A. Time, usually measured in months or years, is placed on the vertical axis. B. The height of the bars is proportional to the frequency or percentage of observations. C. Frequencies or percentages are usually placed along the vertical axis. D. The changes in the variable must always increase over time. Ans: B Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Bar Graph Difficulty Level: Medium Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 35. Which of the following graphic devices is NOT appropriate for interval–ratio level data? A. histogram B. frequency polygon C. time-series chart D. pie chart Ans: D Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Graphic Presentation of Data Difficulty Level: Easy Short Answer 1. Fill in the empty cells in the following table. Education Level f Completed high school 187 Completed college 119 p % Completed graduate school 62 Ans: Education Level f p % Completed high school 187 .508 50.8 Completed college 119 .323 32.3 Completed graduate school 62 .168 16.8 Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Easy Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 2. Fill in the empty cells in the following table. Income Level f p % 100,000 7 .10 Income Level f p % 100,000 7 .10 10 Ans: Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Medium 3. Fill in the empty cells in the following table. Language Proficiency f 1 Language 129 2 Languages Cf p % 50.0 214 3+ Languages Ans: Language Proficiency f Cf p % 1 Language 129 129 .500 50.0 2 Languages 85 214 .329 32.9 3+ Languages 44 258 .171 17.1 Learning Objective: 2-1: Construct and analyze frequency, percentage, and cumulative distributions. | 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages | Cumulative Distributions Difficulty Level: Medium 4. Fill in the empty cells in the following table. Social Capital f Cf Low 188 Medium 234 High 298 p % Ans: Social Capital f Cf p % Low 188 188 .631 63.1 Medium 66 254 .221 22.1 High 44 298 .148 14.8 Learning Objective: 2-1: Construct and analyze frequency, percentage, and cumulative distributions. | 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages | Cumulative Distributions Difficulty Level: Medium 5. Fill in the empty cells in the following table. Number of Marriages f 0 1 Cf p % 165 60 2+ 250 10.0 Ans: Number of Marriages f Cf p % 0 165 165 .660 66.0 Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 1 60 225 .240 24.0 2+ 25 250 .100 10.0 Learning Objective: 2-1: Construct and analyze frequency, percentage, and cumulative distributions. | 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages | Cumulative Distributions Difficulty Level: Medium 6. Consider the table below obtained from the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2003. If the total number of military reserve personnel is 129,047, how many Blacks and Latinos are in the military reserve? Military Reserve Personnel by Race, 2002 White 73.2% Black 15.9% Latino 7.9% Asian 2.3% Native American 0.7% Ans: 30,713 Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Medium 7. Using the following information from the U.S. Census Bureau, calculate both the number and percentage of non-White military reserve personnel. Military Reserve Personnel by Race, 2002 White 73.2% Black 15.9% Latino 7.9% Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Asian 2.3% Native American 0.7% The total number of military reserve personnel is 129,047. Ans: 34,585; 26.8% Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Medium 8. Using the following information from the U.S. Census Bureau, calculate both the number and percentage of non-Asian military reserve personnel. Military Reserve Personnel by Race, 2002 White 73.2% Black 15.9% Latino 7.9% Asian 2.3% Native American 0.7% The total number of military reserve personnel is 129,047. Ans: 126,079; 97.7% Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Medium 9. Construct a cumulative frequency distribution using the following information. Begin with Whites and work through the table in the order of the racial categories listed. Military Reserve Personnel by Race, 2002 White 73.2% Black 15.9% Latino 7.9% Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Asian 2.3% Native American 0.7% The total number of military reserve personnel is 129,047. Ans: Military Reserve Personnel by Race, 2002 Race f Cf White 94,642 94,462 Black 20,519 114,981 Latino 10,195 125,176 Asian 2,968 128,144 Native American 903 129,047 Learning Objective: 2-1: Construct and analyze frequency, percentage, and cumulative distributions. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Cumulative Distributions Difficulty Level: Medium 10. Using the following information from the U.S. Census Bureau, how many military reserve personnel are White, Black, or Latino? Military Reserve Personnel by Race, 2002 White 73.2% Black 15.9% Latino 7.9% Asian 2.3% Native American 0.7% The total number of military reserve personnel is 129,047. Ans: 125,716 Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Difficulty Level: Medium 11. Fill in the empty cells in the following table. Homosexuals Should Have the Right to Marry, 2006 f cum % Strongly agree 307 15.5 Agree 391 Neither agree nor disagree 260 48.3 Disagree Strongly disagree 695 Ans: Homosexuals Should Have the Right to Marry, 2006 f cum % Strongly agree 307 15.5 Agree 391 35.2 Neither agree nor disagree 260 48.3 Disagree 329 64.9 Strongly disagree 695 100.0 Learning Objective: 2-1: Construct and analyze frequency, percentage, and cumulative distributions. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Cumulative Distributions Difficulty Level: Hard 12. According to this table, what proportion of respondents neither agree nor disagree? Homosexuals Should Have the Right to Marry, 2006 Strongly agree f cum % 307 15.5 Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Agree 391 35.2 Neither agree nor disagree 260 48.3 Disagree 329 64.9 Strongly disagree 695 100.0 Ans: 0.131 Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Easy 13. According to this table, how many respondents stongly agree or strongly disagree? Homosexuals Should Have the Right to Marry, 2006 f cum % Strongly agree 307 15.5 Agree 391 35.2 Neither agree nor disagree 260 48.3 Disagree 329 64.9 Strongly disagree 695 100.0 Ans: 1,002 Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Easy 14. Refer to the table below and construct a cumulative frequency distribution. Start with those who strongly disagree and work your way down through the remaining categories. Homosexuals Should Have the Right to Marry, 2006 f cum % Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Strongly agree 307 15.5 Agree 391 35.2 Neither agree nor disagree 260 48.3 Disagree 329 64.9 Strongly disagree 695 100.0 Ans: Homosexuals Should Have the Right to Marry, 2006 cf Strongly agree 307 Agree 698 Neither agree nor disagree 958 Disagree 1287 Strongly disagree 1982 Learning Objective: 2-1: Construct and analyze frequency, percentage, and cumulative distributions. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Cumulative Distributions Difficulty Level: Easy 15. According to the table below, what percentage of people do not disagree in some capacity or another? Homosexuals Should Have the Right to Marry, 2006 f cum % Strongly agree 307 15.5 Agree 391 35.2 Neither agree nor disagree 260 48.3 Disagree 329 64.9 Strongly disagree 695 100.0 Ans: 48% Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Learning Objective: 2-1: Construct and analyze frequency, percentage, and cumulative distributions. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Easy 16. Explain how cumulative frequency distributions are obtained. What do they allow us to do? Ans: They are obtained by adding to the frequency in each category the frequencies of all the categories below it. They allow us to locate the relative position of a given score in a distribution. Learning Objective: 2-1: Construct and analyze frequency, percentage, and cumulative distributions. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Cumulative Distributions Difficulty Level: Easy 17. Consider the information in the table below. Construct a pie chart for Blacks in the sample. Number of Whites Children Blacks 0 903 151 1 513 126 2 872 136 3 531 105 4 282 45 5 83 25 6 51 18 7 25 13 8+ 16 11 Ans: Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Pie Chart Difficulty Level: Easy 18. Considering the information provided in the table below, do a greater percentage of Whites or Blacks have five or more children? Number of Whites Children Blacks 0 903 151 1 513 126 2 872 136 3 531 105 4 282 45 5 83 25 6 51 18 7 25 13 8+ 16 11 Ans: Blacks at 10.6% Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Difficulty Level: Medium 19. Would a bar chart or a histogram be more appropriate for displaying the data presented in the table below? Why? Number of Whites Children Blacks 0 903 151 1 513 126 2 872 136 3 531 105 4 282 45 5 83 25 6 51 18 7 25 13 8+ 16 11 Ans: The number of children can be considered an interval–ratio-level variable, therefore a histogram would be more appropriate. Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: The Histogram Difficulty Level: Medium 20. Construct either a bar chart or a histogram, depending on which is more appropriate in this case, for displaying the data presented in the table below. Number of Whites Children Blacks 0 903 151 1 513 126 2 872 136 3 531 105 Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 4 282 45 5 83 25 6 51 18 7 25 13 8+ 16 11 Ans: Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Bar Graph Difficulty Level: Medium 21. What other type of graph could be used to display the information in the chart below? Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Ans: Histogram Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: The Histogram Difficulty Level: Medium 22. Presented below is a chart and a portion of the data for 550 respondents that were used to construct it. What is another type of graph that you can use to display this information? Construct this graph using the data below with the frequencies placed along the vertical axis. Age at First Percent Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Marriage 20 16.0 21 22.4 22 12.9 23 12.7 24 10.2 25 10.4 26 7.8 27 7.6 Ans: Bar graph Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: The Bar Graph Difficulty Level: Medium 23. Considering the information in the table below, what would happen to the percentage of respondents age 20 if we removed the data for all respondents who were first married at age 21 from the sample? Age at First Marriage Percent 20 16.0 Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 21 22.4 22 12.9 23 12.7 24 10.2 25 10.4 26 7.8 27 7.6 Ans: The percentage would increase. Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Easy 24. Considering the information in the table below, what proportion of respondents were first married at the ages of 24 and 25? Age at First Marriage Percent 20 16.0 21 22.4 22 12.9 23 12.7 24 10.2 25 10.4 26 7.8 27 7.6 Ans: 0.21 Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Difficulty Level: Hard 25. Which graphic device would be most appropriate to display information about the following statement? “The increase of unplanned Cesarean Deliveries in the United states has increased to 34% since 2005.” Ans: A time-series chart Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: The Time-Series Chart Difficulty Level: Medium 26. Which graphic device would be most appropriate to display information about “The sex ratio at birth–that is, the ratio of the number of males to the number of females–is 1.05 in the United States”? Ans: A bar graph or pie chart Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: The Bar Graph | The Pie Chart Difficulty Level: Medium 27. Which graphic device would be most appropriate to display information about “Adults that live in the northeast have greater sense of job satisfaction than those in the southwest”? Ans: Histogram Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: The Histogram Difficulty Level: Medium 28. Explain why the following statement is true: “When constructing a pie chart, the frequencies associated with each category must sum to N. Likewise, if working with proportions or percentages, these must sum to 1.0 or 100% respectively.” Frankfort-Nachmias, Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Ans: Students should discuss the calculation of relative frequencies and show why these must sum to 1.0 and 100% respectively. Learning Objective: 2-2: Calculate proportions and percentages. | 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Pie Chart | Proportions and Percentages Difficulty Level: Medium 29. The following graph depicts the number of respondents by racial group, where 1 = White, 2 = Black, and 3 = other. Explain why this choice of graphic is or is not appropriate for these data. Ans: A histogram is not appropriate for nominal data. Learning Objective: 2-4: Construct and interpret a pie chart, bar graph, histogram, the statistical map, line graph, and time-series chart. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Histogram Difficulty Level: Medium