Test Bank for Revel Abnormal Psychology, 18th Edition

Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Chapter 2: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Total Assessment Guide (TAG) Remember the Facts Understand the Concepts Multiple Choice 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 10, 11, 12, 13, 6, 7, 9 17, 18 Short Answer 65 Learning Objective Question Type Introduction Multiple Choice Apply What You Know Analyze It Short Answer Essay 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. 66 Essay 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Multiple Choice 8, 14, 15, 16 77 19, 20, 23, 24 Short Answer 21 22 67 Essay 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Multiple Choice 25, 28, 29, 30, 27, 31, 32, 33 34 Short Answer 68, 69 Essay 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. 26 70 78 Multiple Choice 35, 41, 43, 44, 36, 39, 40, 42 45, 46 Short Answer 71 37 72 Essay 1 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 38, 47, 48, 49 Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher 2.5 Identify developments Multiple Choice that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Short Answer 53, 54, 55, 56, 50, 58, 59, 60, 52 57, 61, 63, 64 62 51 74, 75, 76 73 Essay 2 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 79 Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Chapter 2: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Archaeology and early writings indicate that the first people to think of the brain as the site of mental functions were the __________. a. ancient Egyptians b. ancient Greeks c. Chinese d. Hebrews Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: The First Views of Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. Early writings show that the Chinese, Egyptians, Hebrews, and Greeks often attributed abnormal behavior to __________. a. poor parenting b. physical disease c. demonic possession d. chemical imbalance in the brain Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Demonology, Gods, and Magic Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3. In ancient societies, if a person’s abnormal conduct consisted of speech that appeared to have a religious or mystical significance, then the person was __________. a. shunned from society and thought to be possessed by an evil spirit b. considered a witch c. treated with awe and respect d. assumed to have a heart defect Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Demonology, Gods, and Magic Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 3 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher 4. Prayer, incantations, and noise-making were all techniques for __________. a. altering a person’s brain functioning b. improving a person’s dreams c. helping a person internalize good spirits d. conducting an exorcism Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Demonology, Gods, and Magic Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 5. Who is considered the father of modern medicine, and shifted the view of the origins of mental disorder from supernatural forces to problems in the human body? a. Aristotle b. Hippocrates c. Plato d. Alexander Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Hippocrates’ Early Medical Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 6. Basil often appears agitated. His brother, Homer, notes his chronic state of irritability. According to the doctrine of the four humors, which humor might explain Basil’s behavior? a. Blood b. Phlegm c. Black bile d. Bile Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Hippocrates’ Early Medical Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 7. According to early beliefs, what would characterize an individual with an excess of phlegm? a. Calmness b. Schizophrenia c. Irritability d. Cheerfulness Answer: a 4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Hippocrates’ Early Medical Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 8. Which of the following statements describes how the four humors were used to explain the concept of temperament? a. Fluids were tested by drawing blood and using a system of weights and balances to determine the most dominant humor. b. A person’s natural physical response (hot, cold, sweat, dry) after exposure to earth, air, fire, or water revealed the dominant humor. c. The four fluids combined in different proportions within individuals, and temperament was determined by the most dominant humor. d. This system of measurement was the first indication that ancient people recognized the significance of the brain in determining behavior. Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Hippocrates’ Early Medical Concepts Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 9. Cleades was feeling depressed and sought help from Hippocrates. Hippocrates would probably have __________. a. prescribed the roots of certain plants and unusual elixirs b. recommended a high-protein diet, rich in animal meat c. prescribed exercise, tranquility, and celibacy d. performed an exorcism Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Hippocrates’ Early Medical Concepts Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 10. Plato was one of the first to argue for __________. a. institutionalization of the mentally ill b. demonic possession in mental illness c. hospital care for those with beliefs counter to societal norms d. the use of bleeding as a treatment for mental illness Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. 5 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Topic: Early Philosophical Conceptualizations of Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 11. One of Aristotle’s major contributions to psychology was __________. a. his belief that dreams explained most mental disorders b. his theory that psychological disorders were due to psychological rather than physical factors c. his description of personality traits d. his description of consciousness Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Early Philosophical Conceptualizations of Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 12. The Greek physician Galen is credited with __________. a. providing the first biological explanation for mental disorders b. performing the first human autopsies c. arguing against the validity of the doctrine of the four humors d. separating the causes of psychological disorders into physical and mental categories Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Early Philosophical Conceptualizations of Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 13. Chung Ching wrote two well-known medical works around A.D. 200 and has been referred to as the __________ of China. a. Aristotle b. Galen c. Plato d. Hippocrates Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Early Chinese Conceptualizations of Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher 14. Compared to views of mental illness in the West, those in China during the “Dark Ages” __________. a. reached a sophisticated level; but they regressed to a belief in evil-spirit possession, although not for as long as in the West, and with less severe treatment for patients b. began at a less sophisticated level; and they regressed to a belief in supernatural forces, as in the West, although this occurred earlier and with a more negative reaction to patients c. were always that mental illness was due to supernatural forces, a belief still prevalent in modern-day China d. were always more sophisticated, with the focus on medical causes and humane treatment Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Early Chinese Conceptualizations of Abnormal Behavior Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 15. Which of the following statements about the treatment of abnormal behavior in the Middle Ages is accurate? a. Although the Hippocratic tradition was continued in most of Europe, Islamic countries emphasized demonology. b. Scientific reasoning and humane treatments were valued in both European and Islamic societies. c. Islamic forms of treatment were more humane than European approaches. d. The Chinese emphasized prayer, the Europeans emphasized exercise, and the Islamic peoples emphasized balancing the four bodily humors. Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 16. The ancient physician __________ was the author of __________, the most widely studied medical work ever written. a. Hippocrates; First, Do No Harm b. Galen; Mental Illness and the Brain c. Chung Ching; Balancing the Yin and Yang d. Avicenna; The Canon of Medicine Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 17. A common treatment for mental illness during the Middle Ages in Europe was administered by a __________ and consisted of __________. a. priest; prayer, holy water, and the laying on of hands b. scientist; fresh air and supportive surroundings c. surgeon; brain surgery and banishment to an asylum for the mentally ill d. physician; psychoanalytic dream interpretation Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 18. Recent historical reviews of the literature indicate that the typical accused witch in the Middle Ages in Europe was __________. a. a person we would now diagnose with a severe mental illness b. a priest who was a rival of a more powerful clergyman c. an ill-tempered, impoverished woman d. a person who today would be viewed as cognitively challenged Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 19. __________ was a Swiss physician from the early 1500s who criticized the idea that mental illness was due to demonic possession and instead insisted that it was a treatable disease. a. Paracelsus b. Galen c. Weyer d. Hippocrates Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Topic: The Resurgence of Scientific Questioning in Europe Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 20. In the late 1500s, Johann Weyer, considered the founder of modern psychopathology, __________. a. was a popular writer who argued that mental illness was due to demonic possession 8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher b. was a popular writer and physician who argued that mental illness was due to imbalances in the four humors c. wrote a book that was condemned by many, arguing that those accused of engaging in witchcraft were mentally ill d. wrote a book that was scorned by many, arguing that mental illness was due to bodily magnetism Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Topic: The Resurgence of Scientific Questioning in Europe Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 21. Which of the following statements describes the original purpose for placing individuals in asylums? a. to remove troublesome individuals from society who could not care for themselves b. to protect society from the dangerous nature of the mentally ill c. to offer humanitarian treatment to those afflicted with mental illnesses d. to offer scientifically sound approaches to the treatment of mental disorders Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Topic: The Establishment of Early Asylums Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 22. You are completing a research project on the history of mental illness for your psychology course. Based on your reading, if you visited an asylum in sixteenth-century Europe, you would likely find __________. a. a place that mixed together the mentally ill, the poor, criminals, and the physically ill b. exorcisms being done by priests c. a place where people were given good food, work, and rest, so that they could recover d. a warehouse of mentally ill people living and dying in conditions of filth and cruelty Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Topic: The Establishment of Early Asylums Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 23. “Bedlam” in London was one of several hospitals for the mentally ill that __________. a. administered physiological treatments to the mentally ill 9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher b. exhibited its violent patients on public display for a profit c. viewed itself as a religious house for the demonically possessed d. allowed patients a lot of freedom Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Topic: The Establishment of Early Asylums Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 24. The Public Hospital in Williamsburg, Virginia, was the first hospital in the United States devoted exclusively to the mentally ill, and held to a treatment philosophy that __________. a. patients needed to choose rationality over insanity, with aggressive treatment techniques designed to intimidate patients b. patients were demonically possessed and needed to be made uncomfortable in order to force the demons to leave c. patients were medically ill and needed physiological treatments d. patients were basically animals and should be treated as such Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Topic: The Establishment of Early Asylums Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 25. Shackling and chaining a patient to a wall with little food or heat would be most typical of __________, while humanitarian treatment would be most typical of __________. a. the early asylums in Europe; the hospitals run by Philippe Pinel b. the sanatoriums of Alexandria, Egypt; Bedlam in London c. the hospitals run by Philippe Pinel; the early asylums in Europe d. the treatment advocated by Hippocrates; the early asylums in the United States Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Pinel’s Experiment and Tuke’s Work in England Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 26. Which of the following statements exemplifies the beliefs of French physician Philippe Pinel? a. Mental illness was due to possession by demons, and exorcism was the only useful treatment. b. Mentally ill patients needed to choose rationality over insanity, so treatment was aimed at making their lives as patients uncomfortable. 10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher c. Mental patients were ill and needed to be treated as such—with kindness and caring. d. Mental illness was purely a physiological phenomenon and could only be treated by physical means such as bloodletting. Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Pinel’s Experiment and Tuke’s Work in England Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 27. Regarding the contributions of William Tuke to the treatment of the mentally ill, which of the following is true? a. He established the York Retreat, a residential house for the mentally ill that battled against brutality and ignorance, and incorporated the religious beliefs of the Quakers. b. Tuke’s York Retreat was fashioned after the Christian belief that all people are creatures of God and must be treated with care. c. He introduced trained nurses to head mental health nursing staffs. d. He decried the practice of chaining mental patients in dark dungeons, instead favoring the use of straightjackets and placing them in brightly lit rooms. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Pinel’s Experiment and Tuke’s Work in England Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 28. Who is considered the founder of American psychiatry? a. William Tuke b. Dorothea Dix c. Benjamin Rush d. Clifford Beers Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Rush and Moral Management in America Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 29. Benjamin Rush, who encouraged more humane treatment of the mentally ill in the United States, used as his principal remedies __________. a. rest and talk b. bloodletting and the tranquilizing chair c. exorcism and purging d. the tranquilizer chair and relaxation Answer: b 11 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Rush and Moral Management in America Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 30. Stemming from the work of Pinel and Tuke, moral management treatment __________. a. focused on the physiological problems that mental patients supposedly had, rather than their mental state b. focused on the symptoms that mental patients had, rather than on their moral character c. focused on warehousing and punishing mental patients, so that they would choose to become well d. focused on the moral and spiritual development of mental patients, rather than on their disorder Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Rush and Moral Management in America Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 31. Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the moral management approach to treating the physical and mental disorders of mentally ill patients? a. Patients would be given the choice between two different types of medications. b. Patients could select the frequency and duration of rehabilitative treatment. c. Patients attended spiritual discussions and engaged in manual labor tasks. d. Patients were required to attend weekly group therapy sessions. Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Rush and Moral Management in America Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 32. Which of the following individuals increased the availability of treatment for the mentally ill in the United States, particularly those consigned to prisons and mental institutions. a. Dorothea Dix b. Benjamin Rush c. Emil Kraepelin d. Philippe Pinel Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Dix and the Mental Hygiene Movement 12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 33. Which of the following approaches to treatment focuses almost exclusively on the physical well-being of hospitalized patients? a. Moral management b. Mental hygiene c. Humanitarian d. Deinstitutionalization Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Dix and the Mental Hygiene Movement Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 34. Dorothea Dix __________. a. urged that religious conversion should be a primary means of treatment for the mentally disturbed b. was a major impediment to the mental hygiene movement in the United States c. was a leading force in the emphasis on finding biological cures for mental disorders d. is credited with establishing numerous humane mental hospitals in at least 20 states Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Dix and the Mental Hygiene Movement Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 35. In the early nineteenth century, psychiatrists were referred to as __________ and held a relatively inconsequential role in the care of the insane and the management of asylums. a. alienists b. lunatics c. soothsayers d. purgatists Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Nineteenth Century Views of Mental Disorders and the Increasing Role of Psychiatrists Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 13 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 36. What did psychiatrists in the mid to late nineteenth century believe was the primary cause of emotional problems? a. An imbalance of the four humors b. The depletion of bodily energies as a result of excesses in living c. Untreated brain damage during birth d. The rejection of religious values Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Nineteenth Century Views of Mental Disorders and the Increasing Role of Psychiatrists Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 37. Imagine that it is 1885. Patrick complains of “shattered nerves.” He is lacking in energy and shows low mood. Physicians specializing in mental conditions (alienists) would likely view Patrick as __________. a. a morally deficient individual b. suffering from neurasthenia c. suffering from hysteria d. untreatable, because the condition is biological Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Nineteenth Century Views of Mental Disorders and the Increasing Role of Psychiatrists Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 38. The “neurasthenia” recognized in the 1800s resembles today’s diagnosis of __________. a. anxiety b. schizophrenia c. bipolar disorder d. depression Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Nineteenth Century Views of Mental Disorders and the Increasing Role of Psychiatrists Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena. 14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher 39. By the end of the nineteenth century, __________. a. effective treatments had been developed for many forms of mental illness b. alienists had taken control of insane asylums and incorporated moral management therapy c. asylums were recognized as humanitarian institutions that served an important function d. most mental hospitals effectively addressed the physical needs of patients but ignored other needs Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Nineteenth Century Views of Mental Disorders and the Increasing Role of Psychiatrists Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 40. At the start of the twentieth century in America, the fate of patients with mental illness __________. a. was filled with hope and enlightened humanity b. was fraught with labels suggesting “tainted genes” and divine retribution c. inspired a belief that the mentally ill were incurable and should be executed or jailed for the rest of their lives d. was neither uniform nor entirely positive Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 41. Clifford Beers is best known for __________. a. developing the first effective antidepressant b. his tireless efforts leading to the establishment of over thirty mental hospitals c. his vigorous rejection of the Victorian idea that sexual fantasies caused mental disorders d. publicizing the brutality that many mental patients experienced from being restrained in straitjackets Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 42. During the first half of the twentieth century, __________. 15 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher a. a substantial number of asylums and mental hospitals were established b. most of the institutionalized mentally ill received moral therapy c. hospital stays for the mentally ill tended to be brief d. mental hospitals housed very few people Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 43. During the first half of the twentieth century, mental hospital care would best be characterized as __________. a. effective and brief in duration b. humane and long in duration c. moral and brief in duration d. punitive and long in duration Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 44. Which of the following served to publicize the plight of the mentally ill in the mid-1940s? a. The publication of A Mind That Found Itself b. The publication of The Snake Pit c. Research funded by the National Institutes of Mental Health d. The passage of the Community Health Services Act Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 45. The __________ was organized in 1946 and provided active support for research and clinical training programs. a. American Psychiatric Association b. American Psychological Association c. National Association of Clinical Psychiatry d. National Institutes of Mental Health Answer: d 16 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 46. The Hill-Burton Act __________. a. ended the moral hygiene movement b. contributed to the practice of warehousing the mentally ill c. provided funding for community mental health hospitals d. legislated the creation of 50 percent more inpatient facilities for the mentally ill Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 47. Which of the following events of the twentieth century triggered an increased emphasis on reforming mental hospital environments? a. The passage of the Beers-Tuke Mental Health Act b. The development and use of antipsychotics and mood stabilizers c. The creation of the National Institutes of Mental Health d. The doubling of the residential population in psychiatric hospitals Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 48. The rationale behind deinstitutionalization was __________. a. the belief that physicians could better medicate and give physical treatment to patients in their own homes b. the concern that the mentally ill were taking escapist refuge in mental hospitals and developing a permanent and chronic dependence on the psychiatric community c. the belief that most mental patients were faking it and would cease to do so if they were not “rewarded” by being allowed to stay in a hospital d. the concern that mental hospitals were such unpleasant places that, for mental patients, living on their own could only be better Answer: b 17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 49. Which of the following was an unintended effect of the deinstitutionalization movement? a. A large number of psychiatric hospitals remained open. b. Mental hospital populations were re-institutionalized in medical hospitals. c. Most of the services once offered on an inpatient basis were available at community health centers. d. Many of those released into the community went from institutionalization to homelessness to incarceration. Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications that employ discipline-based problem solving. 50. Which of the following is recognized as a major biomedical breakthrough in psychopathology because it established the link between mental and physical illnesses? a. The discovery of the cause of, and later a cure for, general paresis (syphilis of the brain) b. The discovery of penicillin as a cure for syphilis c. The development of electroshock therapy for general paresis (syphilis of the brain) d. The discovery that brain injuries could be associated with mental disorders Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 51. The use of malarial fever to treat paresis __________. a. is an example of the barbaric treatment that mental patients received at the beginning of the twentieth century b. proved to be so ineffectual that many professionals abandoned the biological explanation of mental disorders c. represented the first clear-cut defeat of a mental disorder by medicine d. was the first time scientists used knowledge of brain chemistry to develop specific drugs for treating mental disorders 18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 52. Why was Julius von Wagner-Jauregg’s malarial therapy effective in treating general paresis? a. The high fever that was induced killed off the bacteria causing the observed symptoms. b. General paresis was caused by malaria, and malarial therapy triggered an immune response that destroyed the existing infection. c. Malarial therapy prevented the syphilis spirochetes from entering the brain. d. There is no known treatment for general paresis. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 53. The surgical procedure used in the United States by Walter Freeman to treat severe mental disorders, one that initially involved the use of an ice pick, is known as a __________. a. psychocraniumotomy b. cranial dissection c. lobotomy d. pickectomy Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 54. Emil Kraepelin is credited with __________. a. discovering that penicillin was an effective treatment for malaria b. determining the cause of senile dementia c. developing the first classification system for mental disorders d. writing the first edition of the DSM Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: The Development of a Classification System for Mental Disorders 19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 55. The first classification of mental disorders involved __________. a. identifying the biological causes of the disorders, so a person could be tested for them b. understanding the theoretical descriptions of different disorders c. recognizing symptoms that occurred together often enough to be regarded as a type of mental disorder d. identifying the types of thoughts that people with different mental illnesses tended to have Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: The Development of a Classification System for Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 56. The ancestral roots of what we now know as psychoanalysis can be traced back to __________. a. the study of hypnosis b. early beliefs in demonology and possession c. the discovery of the cause of general paresis d. Dorothea Dix Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 57. Franz Mesmer was a proponent of __________. a. humanitarianism b. community mental health clinics c. the mental hygiene movement d. planetary influence on magnetic fluid in the body Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy 20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 58. Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer proposed that allowing patients to discuss their problems under hypnosis would provide a therapeutic emotional release. What is this emotional release called? a. Free association b. Catharsis c. Dream analysis d. Mesmerism Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 59. The study of hypnosis and its relationship to hysteria was the starting point for __________. a. the medical model b. the biological classification of mental disorders c. psychoanalysis d. the mental hygiene movement Answer: c Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 60. In 1893, Breuer and Freud published a paper on hysteria. In it, they announced that __________. a. unconscious factors can determine behavior and produce mental disorders b. hysteria was caused by hypnosis c. hysteria and hypnosis were both the result of neurological abnormalities d. many forms of mental disorder are the conscious result of seeking attention from others Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate 21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 61. Freud was the first to describe __________, a part of the mind that could contain information of which the mind itself is unaware, but by which it is still affected. a. catharsis b. the unconscious c. hysteria d. operant conditioning Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 62. Free association and dream analysis __________. a. are techniques typically used with hypnotized subjects b. provide insight into the workings of the unconscious c. were developed in the early 1800s d. have been used extensively in behavioral therapy Answer: b Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 63. Who established the first experimental psychology laboratory? a. Wilhelm Wundt b. John Watson c. Sigmund Freud d. Emil Kraepelin Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: The Evolution of the Psychological Research Tradition: Experimental Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 22 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher 64. Lightner Witmer is credited with __________. a. establishing psychology as a field in the United States b. bringing psychoanalysis to the United States c. writing the first psychology text d. being the founder of clinical psychology Answer: d Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: The Evolution of the Psychological Research Tradition: Experimental Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. SHORT ANSWER 65. What was the most common explanation for abnormal behavior among many ancient peoples, including the Chinese, Egyptians, Hebrews, and Greeks? Answer: The most common explanation was possession by a demon or a god. Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: The First Views of Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 66. How did people in the Middle Ages view physical and spiritual possession differently? Answer: People who experienced physical possession were mentally ill and considered mad, while those who experienced spiritual possession were witches and were often punished or put to death. Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Topic: Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 67. What was Bedlam? Answer: Bedlam was an asylum in London that became well-known for its deplorable conditions and practices. It was typical of many asylums of the sixteenth century that served primarily as storage facilities for the mentally ill. 23 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Topic: The Establishment of Early Asylums Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 68. Who was Benjamin Rush? Answer: Benjamin Rush is credited with encouraging the use of more humane treatment of the mentally ill in the United States. He was the first American to organize a course in psychiatry, and although some of his practices may have been less than humane, he is recognized as a transitional figure between the poor treatment of the old era and the humane approaches of the new. Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Rush and Moral Management in America Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 69. What was moral management? Answer: Moral management was an approach to the care of the mentally ill that emerged in the early part of the humanitarian reform period. It focused on addressing the patient’s social, individual, and occupational needs. Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Rush and Moral Management in America Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 70. What contributions did Dorothea Dix make to the treatment of the mentally ill? Answer: Between 1841 and 1881, Dorothea Dix brought to light the inhuman treatment the mentally ill usually received and persuaded legislatures to fund the building of many mental hospitals. She is credited with improving conditions in American hospitals, establishing 32 mental hospitals, and fostering the growth of the mental hygiene movement in the United States. Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Dix and the Mental Hygiene Movement Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 24 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher 71. Who was Clifford Beers? Answer: Clifford Beers was a former mental patient who wrote about his personal struggles and mistreatment in three different institutions. He helped change attitudes about the mentally ill and their treatment, particularly the horrors of restraint using a straitjacket. Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 72. What was the attitude about hospitalization of the mentally ill during the later decades of the twentieth century? Answer: It was preferable to treat people in the community, and treatment should be deinstitutionalized—although it was not the perfect solution it was once thought to be. Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Topic: Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 73. Why was the discovery of the malarial treatment for general paresis important? Answer: It was the first scientifically demonstrated connection between a mental illness and brain pathology. Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 74. Who was Emil Kraepelin? Answer: Emil Kraepelin was the first to recognize that certain symptoms occurred regularly together and to begin the classification of mental disorders. Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: The Development of a Classification System for Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 25 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 75. What contribution to our thinking about abnormal behavior did Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer make? Answer: They made the discovery of the unconscious and argued that processes outside a person’s awareness could help determine behavior. They showed that emotional tensions that patients were not aware of could cause hysteria. Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 76. Who was Wilhelm Wundt? Answer: Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology laboratory. Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: The Evolution of the Psychological Research Tradition: Experimental Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. ESSAY 77. Abnormal behavior has often been attributed to the influence of supernatural forces. Describe and differentiate between how these forces were used to explain abnormal behavior during various time periods and the treatments that resulted. Answer: Early writings of the Egyptians, Chinese, Hebrews, and Greeks show that they attributed such behavior to possession by a demon or god. This was treated with exorcism. In the Middle Ages, the clergy were largely responsible for treatment, because possession was considered causal. In fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Europe, witchcraft became another, related explanation, for which torture, burning, and other such methods were used. Recent historical analyses, however, suggest that the mentally ill may not have been taken to be witches, as was once often thought. Even in contemporary culture, one can find those who believe that supernatural forces cause psychological problems. Exorcisms are still occasionally practiced. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 5 points each for a discussion of the use of supernatural explanations during two different time periods. Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. 26 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Topic: The First Views of Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 78. What was moral management? What caused its near abandonment in the second part of the nineteenth century? Answer: Moral management was a broad treatment that included a patient’s social, individual, and occupational needs. The moral and spiritual development of patients was a focus. More emphasis was placed on patients’ character than on their disorder. Typical treatments were spiritual discussion and manual labor. And it was surprisingly effective. It was abandoned because of changing attitudes toward the mentally ill and the increasing size of hospitals. The mental hygiene movement and advances in biomedical science also contributed to its decrease in popularity. The focus on physical and biological explanations and care meant that other factors in a patient’s life were considered irrelevant. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total, 5 for each part of the question. Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Topic: Pinel’s Experiment and Tuke’s Work in England Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 79. Explain how the link between the brain and mental disorders was first established. Answer: While Hippocrates and others had long proposed that mental disorders had some physical cause, it was not until the 1800s that a clear link between a physical disease process and mental illness was established. This finding then paved the way for further exploration of how brain malfunctions could result in mental illness. General paresis was an illness that produced paralysis, insanity, and, typically, death within two to five years. This mental illness was recognized as a specific type of mental disorder in 1825. Thus, it was recognized as a unique disorder, and attempts could then be made to treat it. It was eventually recognized that this illness was caused by syphilis. This is the first documented link between an identifiable brain infection and mental illness. With this finding, and the rising influence of modern experimental science, the investigation of brain pathology as the cause of mental illness began in earnest. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points total. Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Topic: Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorders Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 27 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher REVEL QUIZZES The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Abnormal Psychology, Eighteenth Edition. End of Module Quiz 2.1: The First Views of Mental Disorders EOM Q2.1.1 Which of the following types of psychological difficulties has posed major problems to all societies, with historical evidence of the disorder within Western civilization for over 2,000 years and even some evidence within writings from ancient Egypt? a) depression b) kleptomania Consider This: Although views of the disorder have shifted over time, key symptoms can be identified in early writings. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) intermittent explosive disorder Consider This: Although views of the disorder have shifted over time, key symptoms can be identified in early writings. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) agoraphobia Consider This: Although views of the disorder have shifted over time, key symptoms can be identified in early writings. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: The First Views of Mental Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.1.2 Although many early societies believed that mental illness was a sign of spiritual possession, people with such conditions were often treated with considerable awe and respect. Why? a) It was believed that they had supernatural powers. b) There were no treatments for such possession, so those afflicted were seen to “represent the wrath and punishment of God.” Consider This: If a person’s speech or behavior appeared to have a religious or mystical significance, it was usually thought that he or she was possessed by a good spirit or god. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) It was understood that these people were witches, and treating them badly could lead to deadly punishments. Consider This: If a person’s speech or behavior appeared to have a religious or mystical significance, it was usually thought that he or she was possessed by a good spirit or god. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) There were writings from physicians like Hippocrates that supernatural possession was a sign of tremendous intelligence. 28 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Consider This: If a person’s speech or behavior appeared to have a religious or mystical significance, it was usually thought that he or she was possessed by a good spirit or god. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: The First Views of Mental Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.1.3 Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, classified all mental disorders into three categories. What were they? a) mania, melancholia, and phrenitis b) anxiety, depression, and psychosis Consider This: One of the three categories of Hippocrates referred to a fever of the brain. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) neurosis, psychosis, and delusion Consider This: One of the three categories of Hippocrates referred to a fever of the brain. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) phlebitis, sanguine, and melancholia Consider This: One of the three categories of Hippocrates referred to a fever of the brain. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: The First Views of Mental Disorders Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q2.1.4 Jordan lives in the time of Hippocrates and has been demonstrating the symptoms of a mental illness. If he is to be treated by the famed physician, which of the following would be recommended as part of his recovery? a) removing Jordan from his family during his treatment b) a diet high in meat content to create a protein boost in his blood Consider This: Hippocrates recognized the importance of one’s environment in the development of and treatment of mental illness. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) a regular course of increased sexual activity Consider This: Hippocrates recognized the importance of one’s environment in the development of and treatment of mental illness. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) abstinence from exercise to avoid overexertion Consider This: Hippocrates recognized the importance of one’s environment in the development of and treatment of mental illness. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: The First Views of Mental Disorders Skill Level: Apply 29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Difficulty Level: Difficult EOM Q2.1.5 How did early Chinese medicine differ from some other cultures—Hebrews and Egyptians, for example—in their understanding of mental illnesses? a) Chinese medicine was based on a belief in natural rather than supernatural causes of illnesses. b) Chinese medicine was focused on invasive surgical methods, while other cultures emphasized non-invasive methods. Consider This: A Chinese physician during this era may have been unlikely to believe in the effectiveness of an exorcism. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) Chinese medicine examined the way herbal remedies could be used to treat such conditions, while other cultures placed no stock in these approaches. Consider This: A Chinese physician during this era may have been unlikely to believe in the effectiveness of an exorcism. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) Chinese physicians were required to be trained and certified spiritual leaders (i.e., priests) in order to treat the mentally ill, while other cultures had no such requirement. Consider This: A Chinese physician during this era may have been unlikely to believe in the effectiveness of an exorcism. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: The First Views of Mental Disorders Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 2.2: Views of Abnormal Behavior in the 1500s and 1600s EOM Q2.2.1 Why does Johann Weyer have the reputation as the founder of modern psychopathology even though he was a German physician and writer from the early 1500s? a) He specialized in the study and attempted treatment of people with mental illness. b) He argued that people who were exhibiting odd behaviors were using witchcraft. Consider This: Weyers’s views of the mentally ill were ahead of his time, and his works were banned by the Church until the twentieth century. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. c) He believed that the moon exerted a supernatural influence over the brain. Consider This: Weyers’s views of the mentally ill were ahead of his time, and his works were banned by the Church until the twentieth century. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. d) He argued for deinstitutionalization. Consider This: Weyers’s views of the mentally ill were ahead of his time, and his works were banned by the Church until the twentieth century. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Module: Views of Abnormal Behavior in the 1500s and 1600s 30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.2.2 Starting in the sixteenth century, people considered to be “insane” were housed in __________. a) asylums b) inpatient units Consider This: These housing units were created to help house the mentally ill who were unable to live independently. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. c) churches Consider This: These housing units were created to help house the mentally ill who were unable to live independently. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. d) homeless Consider This: These housing units were created to help house the mentally ill who were unable to live independently. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Module: Views of Abnormal Behavior in the 1500s and 1600s Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q2.2.3 Which of the following can help explain why treatment techniques within asylums tended to be aggressive and cruel? a) The philosophy of treatment at the time held that patients could choose rationality over mental illness. b) People believed that the mentally ill had become ill due to unethical behaviors. Consider This: Treatments at the time were designed to intimidate patients to help them overcome mental illness. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. c) No other forms of treatment were effective. Consider This: Treatments at the time were designed to intimidate patients to help them overcome mental illness. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. d) The philosophy of treatment at the time held that aggressive patients should be met with aggression. Consider This: Treatments at the time were designed to intimidate patients to help them overcome mental illness. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. 31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Module: Views of Abnormal Behavior in the 1500s and 1600s Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 2.3: Humanitarian Reform EOM Q2.3.1 Which physician, placed in charge of La Bicêtre hospital in Paris, began the humanitarian reform by unchaining patients and treating them with kindness and consideration? a) Philippe Pinel b) William Tuke Consider This: This individual also improved the classification schema for mental disorders and examined the causes of such conditions. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. c) Benjamin Rush Consider This: This individual also improved the classification schema for mental disorders and examined the causes of such conditions. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. d) Dorothea Dix Consider This: This individual also improved the classification schema for mental disorders and examined the causes of such conditions. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Module: Humanitarian Reforms Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q2.3.2 During the early period of humanitarian reform, the use of __________ became relatively widespread. This involved focusing on a patient’s social, individual, and occupational needs and also emphasized rehabilitating a patient’s “character” as part of their treatment. a) moral management b) milieu therapy Consider This: Spiritual development was also an important part of this approach. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. c) case management Consider This: Spiritual development was also an important part of this approach. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. d) institutionalization Consider This: Spiritual development was also an important part of this approach. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Module: Humanitarian Reform 32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Skill Level: Remember Difficulty: Easy EOM Q2.3.3 Which experiences led Dorothea Dix to undertake a rigorous campaign to reform policies that resulted in the inhumane treatment of mentally ill persons? a) She taught in a women’s prison and became familiar with the deplorable conditions in jails, almshouses, and asylums. b) She was mentally ill herself and underwent torturous treatment before eventually recovering. Consider This: Dix saw that mentally ill people and criminals were often treated in exactly the same way. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. c) She was the first elected governor of Massachusetts and, as a part of her political responsibilities, had to tour the publicly-funded facilities in her state, including prisons and hospitals. Consider This: Dix saw that mentally ill people and criminals were often treated in exactly the same way. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. d) She was a psychiatrist from the state of New Hampshire, and her final training facility was a mental institution where people were tortured as part of their treatments. Consider This: Dix saw that mentally ill people and criminals were often treated in exactly the same way. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Module: Humanitarian Reform Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 2.4: Views of the Causes and Treatments of Mental Disorders in the 1800s and 1900s EOM Q2.4.1 Which of the following best describes the beliefs of psychiatrists in the early nineteenth century? a) Mental disorders arise from nervous exhaustion, or the depletion of bodily energies after excesses in living. b) Mental disorders arise from biological abnormalities. Consider This: During this time, psychiatrists believed that Victorian morality was important for good mental health. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) Mental disorders arise from bad parenting. Consider This: During this time, psychiatrists believed that Victorian morality was important for good mental health. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) Mental disorders arise from supernatural causes. Consider This: During this time, psychiatrists believed that Victorian morality was important for good mental health. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Module: Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders in the 1800s and 1900s Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM 2.4.2 Asylums, by Erving Goffman, The Snake Pit, by Jane Ward, and A Mind That Found Itself, by Clifford Beers were each influential in drawing attention to __________. a) inhumane aspects of institutionalized mental health care in the U.S. b) inhumane aspects of mental health care in other parts of the world Consider This: Works such as these contributed to the passage of reform legislation such as the Community Mental Health Act. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) the potential pitfalls of deinstitutionalization Consider This: Works such as these contributed to the passage of reform legislation such as the Community Mental Health Act. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) similarities between straitjackets and chains Consider This: Works such as these contributed to the passage of reform legislation such as the Community Mental Health Act. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Module: Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders in the 1800s and 1900s Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.4.3 During the latter half of the twentieth century, what movement caused a large number of psychiatric, state, and county mental hospitals to close? a) deinstitutionalization b) humanitarian reform Consider This: During this time period, vigorous efforts were made to close down a large number of psychiatric institutions. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) privatization of health care Consider This: During this time period, vigorous efforts were made to close down a large number of psychiatric institutions. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) institutionalization Consider This: During this time period, vigorous efforts were made to close down a large number of psychiatric institutions. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Module: Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders in the 1800s and 1900s EOM Q2.4.4 Which of the following pieces of legislation was a program that funded community mental health hospitals, passed in the mid-1900s? a) the Hill-Burton Act b) the Country Asylums Act Consider This: This legislation, in combination with others, helped to create a system of outpatient facilities that would help people in their own communities. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) the Francis Sumner Law Consider This: This legislation, in combination with others, helped to create a system of outpatient facilities that would help people in their own communities. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) the NIMH Act Consider This: This legislation, in combination with others, helped to create a system of outpatient facilities that would help people in their own communities. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Module: Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders in the 1800s and 1900s Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.4.5 Emil is a psychiatrist in the early 1800s. What will his role be in the treatment of the patients of the asylum where he works? a) He will be relatively inconsequential in the care of the insane who are housed at the facility. b) He will probably be the head of the facility, as no other individuals in that era were interested in helping the mentally ill. Consider This: Those with expertise are not always the ones who make the most important decisions. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) His job will be to bathe and feed the patients only. Anything resembling treatment will be nonexistent. Consider This: Those with expertise are not always the ones who make the most important decisions. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) He will be the supervisor of all of the “lay-therapists” in the facility, making sure that patients are given adequate care and humane treatment. 35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Consider This: Those with expertise are not always the ones who make the most important decisions. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Module: Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders in the 1800s and 1900s Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate End of Module Quiz 2.5: The Emergence of Modern Views of Abnormal Behavior EOM Q2.5.1 How did physicians in the late nineteenth century come to identify a relationship between mental illnesses and physical conditions? a) They injected people who suffered from general paresis with material from syphilis sores and found that these patients did not subsequently develop syphilis. b) They labeled the first identified neurotransmitter, serotonin, and recognized its relationship to mood and anxious disorders. Consider This: The research in question addressed a medical ailment that often caused death within 2 to 5 years after onset of symptoms. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) They saw that people suffering from schizophrenia often showed complete remission of symptoms after being injected with large doses of insulin and experiencing a related “insulin seizure.” Consider This: The research in question addressed a medical ailment that often caused death within 2 to 5 years after onset of symptoms. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) They created a new intervention, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), that was successful in the treatment of hysterical syndrome disorder. Consider This: The research in question addressed a medical ailment that often caused death within 2 to 5 years after onset of symptoms. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Module: The Emergence of Modern Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.5.2 Janelle is writing a paper about the surgical techniques used by Walter Freeman in the United States in the mid-1900s. What would be the best title for her paper? a) “The Clinical Utility of the Lobotomy” b) “The Split-Brain Procedure: Gruesome or Genius?” 36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Consider This: Freeman’s procedure was a derivation of strategies first developed by Italian psychiatrist Egas Moniz. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) “Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Noninvasive Advantage” Consider This: Freeman’s procedure was a derivation of strategies first developed by Italian psychiatrist Egas Moniz. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) “Surgical Removal of Infected Body Parts to Promote Mental Health” Consider This: Freeman’s procedure was a derivation of strategies first developed by Italian psychiatrist Egas Moniz. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Module: The Emergence of Modern Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.5.3 Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker found that chlorpromazine incidentally reduced symptoms of psychosis and mania. Later on, researchers discovered that this drug targeted which neurotransmitter? a) dopamine b) serotonin Consider This: Chlorpromazine was later replaced by “atypical” antipsychotic medications, such as clozapine, because they are more effective and have fewer side effects. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) norepinephrine Consider This: Chlorpromazine was later replaced by “atypical” antipsychotic medications, such as clozapine, because they are more effective and have fewer side effects. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) glutamate Consider This: Chlorpromazine was later replaced by “atypical” antipsychotic medications, such as clozapine, because they are more effective and have fewer side effects. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Module: The Emergence of Modern Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOM Q2.5.4 The techniques first made famous by Franz Anton Mesmer, where he claimed to treat a variety of diseases using “animal magnetism,” were the precursors to modern __________. a) hypnosis 37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher b) milieu therapy Consider This: The techniques eventually came to be called “mesmerism.” 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) sleep inoculation training Consider This: The techniques eventually came to be called “mesmerism.” 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) copper bracelets Consider This: The techniques eventually came to be called “mesmerism.” 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Module: The Emergence of Modern Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy EOM Q2.5.5 The term catharsis is loosely synonymous with which of the following phrases? a) emotional release b) dream content Consider This: Patients of Freud would often wake up from a hypnotic state feeling that this event had occurred. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) relationship transfer Consider This: Patients of Freud would often wake up from a hypnotic state feeling that this event had occurred. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) free association Consider This: Patients of Freud would often wake up from a hypnotic state feeling that this event had occurred. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Module: The Emergence of Modern Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy End of Chapter Quiz: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior EOC Q2.1 Which of the following statements best reflects Hippocrates’s position on the cause of mental illness? a) Mental disorders, like other diseases, have natural causes and appropriate treatments. 38 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher b) Mental disorders are punishments by God for individuals who have violated or strayed from religious teachings. Consider This: Hippocrates’s ideas and methods of treatment were well in advance of practices prevalent during his time. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) Mental disorders result from a demon or god taking possession of the individual’s spirit. Consider This: Hippocrates’s ideas and methods of treatment were well in advance of practices prevalent during his time. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) Mental disorders result from a demon or god taking possession of the individual’s spirit. Consider This: Hippocrates’s ideas and methods of treatment were well in advance of practices prevalent during his time. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate EOC Q2.2 During the Middle Ages in Europe, management and care of persons with mental illness was taken on by __________. a) clergy b) family members Consider This: “Treatment” consisted of prayer, holy water, and sanctified ointments. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) the legal system Consider This: “Treatment” consisted of prayer, holy water, and sanctified ointments. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) regional work- or poorhouses Consider This: “Treatment” consisted of prayer, holy water, and sanctified ointments. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: Earlies Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q2.3 Which early influential Greek maintained that by “thinking as directed,” one could eliminate pain and better attain pleasure? a) Aristotle b) Plato Consider This: He thought that very hot bile generated amorous desires, verbal fluency, and suicidal impulses. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. c) Hippocrates Consider This: He thought that very hot bile generated amorous desires, verbal fluency, and suicidal impulses. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. d) Galen 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Consider This: He thought that very hot bile generated amorous desires, verbal fluency, and suicidal impulses. 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy EOC Q2.4 Paracelsus, a Swiss physician in the early 1500s, was critical of beliefs that demonology caused abnormal behavior. Ironically, however, he also held which of the following beliefs? a) The moon exerts a supernatural influence on the brain. b) Abnormal behavior is due to witchcraft. Consider This: The term “lunatic” is derived from the Latin word “luna.” 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. c) Bloodletting would cure melancholia. Consider This: The term “lunatic” is derived from the Latin word “luna.” 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. d) Unethical lives cause mental illness. Consider This: The term “lunatic” is derived from the Latin word “luna.” 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.5 Although asylums tended to involve cruel and dirty treatment conditions, they were originally created with which of the following intentions? a) to provide refuge and treatment specifically for people with mental illness b) to rid people with mental illness of possession by evil demons Consider This: Asylums were meant to help people who could not care for themselves. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. c) to analyze patients’ dreams, which were thought to provide insight into patients’ personalities Consider This: Asylums were meant to help people who could not care for themselves. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. d) to keep an eye on people with mental illness, because they were considered to have supernatural powers Consider This: Asylums were meant to help people who could not care for themselves. 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Answer: a 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal psychology and the rise of early asylums. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.6 Patients institutionalized with mental illness during the late nineteenth century were typically given treatment that focused almost exclusively on their physical well-being. Although patients were physically comfortable and cared for, the social environment and their psychological needs were not addressed. This approach to addressing mental illness was called __________. a) the mental hygiene movement b) moral management Consider This: An unfortunate side effect of this movement was the fact that many patients became helpless and dependent. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. c) the nutritional intervention approach Consider This: An unfortunate side effect of this movement was the fact that many patients became helpless and dependent. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. d) the institutional effectiveness movement Consider This: An unfortunate side effect of this movement was the fact that many patients became helpless and dependent. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.7 Benjamin Rush, considered the founder of American psychiatry, is most likely to have recommended a treatment similar to which of the following? a) moral management b) psychoanalysis Consider This: The founder of American psychiatry was also responsible for creating the first American course in psychiatry. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. c) lobotomy Consider This: The founder of American psychiatry was also responsible for creating the first American course in psychiatry. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. d) mesmerism Consider This: The founder of American psychiatry was also responsible for creating the first American course in psychiatry. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty Level: Difficult 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher EOC Q2.8 The primary reason for establishing a deinstitutionalization policy was __________. a) the belief that treating disturbed people outside of large mental hospitals was considered more humane and likely to prevent patients from acquiring negative adaptations to hospital confinement b) to encourage families to take more responsibility for their mentally ill family members since mentally ill persons could now be treated with medications Consider This: Stays in psychiatric hospitals were typically quite lengthy and care provided little in the way of effective treatment. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) due to the fact that patients were actually more likely to behave violently when housed in institutions Consider This: Stays in psychiatric hospitals were typically quite lengthy and care provided little in the way of effective treatment. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) a result of the passing of Fair Labor Acts which prohibited patients from undertaking any work in the psychiatric hospital Consider This: Stays in psychiatric hospitals were typically quite lengthy and care provided little in the way of effective treatment. 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.9 __________ was a treatment model used in asylums that emphasized the patients’ moral and spiritual development and the rehabilitation of their “character.” Less focus was placed on their physical or mental disorders. a) Moral management b) The mental hygiene movement Consider This: This approach stemmed largely from the work of Pinel and Tuke. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. c) Milieu therapy Consider This: This approach stemmed largely from the work of Pinel and Tuke. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. d) Social management Consider This: This approach stemmed largely from the work of Pinel and Tuke. 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate 42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher EOC Q2.10 Although deinstitutionalization has allowed many former patients to develop living skills and to have a better overall quality of life, a particularly prevalent issue for some former patients is that deinstitutionalization has __________. a) left them homeless and subject to a harsh existence b) led to increased levels of depression and family violence Consider This: What if the severity of their symptoms prevents them from having a job? 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) created situations where they are exploited and underpaid in work settings Consider This: What if the severity of their symptoms prevents them from having a job? 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) contributed to a higher rate of suicide among them Consider This: What if the severity of their symptoms prevents them from having a job? 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.11 Alessandra was experiencing low mood and lack of energy. Stemming from beliefs that Victorian morality was important for good mental health, alienists (or psychiatrists) at the time believed that her condition was due to “lifestyle” problems and gave her which of the following diagnoses? a) neurasthenia b) insanity Consider This: As psychiatrists, or “alienists,” acquired more influence on society in the 1900s, they began to promote the benefits of Victorian morality. 2.4 Describe the changes in societal attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. c) melancholia Consider This: As psychiatrists, or “alienists,” acquired more influence on society in the 1900s, they began to promote the benefits of Victorian morality. 2.4 Describe the changes in societal attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. d) depression Consider This: As psychiatrists, or “alienists,” acquired more influence on society in the 1900s, they began to promote the benefits of Victorian morality. 2.4 Describe the changes in societal attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the changes in societal attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders. 43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult EOC Q2.12 Ingrid works with a psychotherapist who encourages her to talk about whatever comes to mind during her sessions. Her psychotherapist feels that this strategy will bring unconscious issues to the level of awareness so that the issues may be analyzed. This method is called __________. a) free association b) catharsis Consider This: Freud felt that this technique enabled patients to overcome inner obstacles to remembering. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) regression Consider This: Freud felt that this technique enabled patients to overcome inner obstacles to remembering. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) disclosure Consider This: Freud felt that this technique enabled patients to overcome inner obstacles to remembering. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.13 Who established the first experimental psychology laboratory, which influenced many researchers in the empirical study of abnormal behavior? a) Wilhelm Wundt b) Sigmund Freud Consider This: This researcher devised many basic experimental methods and strategies that were later adopted in the study of mental illness. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) Ivan Pavlov Consider This: This researcher devised many basic experimental methods and strategies that were later adopted in the study of mental illness. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) John B. Watson Consider This: This researcher devised many basic experimental methods and strategies that were later adopted in the study of mental illness. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal 44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher psychology. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.14 __________ developed a system of classification of mental disorders, which became the forerunner of today’s DSM classification system. a) Emil Kraepelin b) Wilhelm Griesinger Consider This: Developing this diagnostic system involved identifying symptom patterns that occurred together regularly enough to be regarded as specific types of mental disease. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) Richard von Krafft-Ebbing Consider This: Developing this diagnostic system involved identifying symptom patterns that occurred together regularly enough to be regarded as specific types of mental disease. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) Julius von Wagner-Jauregg Consider This: Developing this diagnostic system involved identifying symptom patterns that occurred together regularly enough to be regarded as specific types of mental disease. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate EOC Q2.15 Which of the following arguments would psychiatrists like Albrecht von Haller and Wilhelm Griesinger make regarding the origins of mental disorders? a) Mental disorders are caused by brain abnormalities. b) Mental disorders are caused by an interaction of environmental and biological influences. Consider This: During this period, scientists began focusing on diseased body organs as the causes of physical ailments, including mental disorders. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. c) Mental disorders are caused by supernatural influences. Consider This: During this period, scientists began focusing on diseased body organs as the causes of physical ailments, including mental disorders. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. d) Mental disorders are caused by engaging in unethical behaviors. Consider This: During this period, scientists began focusing on diseased body organs as the causes of physical ailments, including mental disorders. 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal 45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Abnormal Psychology 18e, Hooley/Butcher psychology. Module: Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult 46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.