Test Bank For Prescott's Microbiology, 11th Edition

Prescott’s Microbiology, 11e (Willey) Chapter 2 Microscopy 1) The ________ is the point at which a lens focuses parallel beams of light. Answer: focal point Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.01b Correlate lens strength and focal length 2) The ________ is the distance between the center of a lens and the point at which it focuses parallel beams of light. Answer: focal length Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.01b Correlate lens strength and focal length 3) Light rays are refracted (bent) when they cross the interface between materials with different refractive indices. Answer: TRUE Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.01a Relate the refractive indices of glass and air to the path light takes when it passes through a prism or convex lens 1 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 4) Confocal microscopes exhibit improved contrast and resolution by ________. A) illumination of a large area of the specimen B) blocking out stray light with an aperture located above the objective lens C) use of light at longer wavelengths D) use of ultraviolet light to illuminate the specimen Answer: B Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02a Evaluate the parts of a light microscope in terms of their contributions to image production and use of the microscope 5) A 30× objective and a 20× ocular produce a total magnification of ________. A) 230× B) 320× C) 50× D) 600× Answer: D Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02a Evaluate the parts of a light microscope in terms of their contributions to image production and use of the microscope 6) A 45× objective and a 10× ocular produce a total magnification of ________. A) 900× B) 55× C) 450× D) 145× Answer: C Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02a Evaluate the parts of a light microscope in terms of their contributions to image production and use of the microscope 2 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 7) A microscope that exposes specimens to ultraviolet, violet, or blue light and forms an image with the light emitted at a different wavelength is called a ________ microscope. A) phase-contrast B) dark-field C) scanning electron D) fluorescence Answer: D Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02c Create a table that compares and contrasts the various types of light microscopes in terms of their uses, how images are created, and the quality of images produced 8) Immersion oil can be used to increase the resolution achieved with some microscope lenses because it increases the ________ between the specimen and the objective lens. A) optical density B) refractive index C) optical density and refractive index D) neither optical density nor refractive index Answer: B Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.01a Relate the refractive indices of glass and air to the path light takes when it passes through a prism or convex lens 9) A substage condenser is used to focus light onto the specimen, which increases the resolution of a light microscope. Answer: TRUE Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02a Evaluate the parts of a light microscope in terms of their contributions to image production and use of the microscope 3 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 10) The ________ is the distance between the specimen and the objective lens when the specimen is in focus. Answer: working distance Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02a Evaluate the parts of a light microscope in terms of their contributions to image production and use of the microscope 11) The useful magnification of a light microscope is limited by the ________ of the light source being utilized. Answer: wavelength Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02b Predict the relative degree of resolution based on light wavelength and numerical aperture of the lens used to examine a specimen 12) The special dyes used in fluorescence microscopy that absorb light at one wavelength and emit light at a different wavelength are called ________. Answer: fluorochromes Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02c Create a table that compares and contrasts the various types of light microscopes in terms of their uses, how images are created, and the quality of images produced 4 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 13) In order to view a specimen with a total magnification of 400×, a ________ objective must be used if the ocular is 10×. Answer: 40× Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02a Evaluate the parts of a light microscope in terms of their contributions to image production and use of the microscope 14) Confocal microscopes, in combination with specialized computer software, can be used to create three-dimensional images of cell structures. Answer: TRUE Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02c Create a table that compares and contrasts the various types of light microscopes in terms of their uses, how images are created, and the quality of images produced 15) A light microscope with an objective lens numerical aperture of 0.65 is capable of allowing two objects 400 nm apart to be distinguished when using light with a wavelength of 420 nm. Answer: TRUE Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02b Predict the relative degree of resolution based on light wavelength and numerical aperture of the lens used to examine a specimen 16) Resolution improves when the wavelength of the illuminating light decreases. Answer: TRUE Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02b Predict the relative degree of resolution based on light wavelength and numerical aperture of the lens used to examine a specimen 5 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 17) Immersion oil is used to prevent a specimen from drying out. Answer: FALSE Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02b Predict the relative degree of resolution based on light wavelength and numerical aperture of the lens used to examine a specimen 18) It is possible to build a light microscope capable of 10,000× magnification, but the image would not be sharp because resolution is independent of magnification. Answer: TRUE Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02b Predict the relative degree of resolution based on light wavelength and numerical aperture of the lens used to examine a specimen 19) Immersion oil increases the amount of light entering the objective lens. Answer: TRUE Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02b Predict the relative degree of resolution based on light wavelength and numerical aperture of the lens used to examine a specimen 6 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 20) If the objective lenses of a microscope can be changed without losing focus on the specimen, they are said to be ________. A) equifocal B) totifocal C) parfocal D) optifocal Answer: C Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02a Evaluate the parts of a light microscope in terms of their contributions to image production and use of the microscope 21) An instrument that magnifies slight differences in the refractive index of cell structures is called a (n) ________ microscope. A) phase-contrast B) electron C) fluorescence D) densitometric Answer: A Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02c Create a table that compares and contrasts the various types of light microscopes in terms of their uses, how images are created, and the quality of images produced 7 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 22) The instrument that produces a bright image of the specimen against a dark background is called a (n) ________ microscope. A) phase-contrast B) electron C) bright-field D) dark-field Answer: D Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02c Create a table that compares and contrasts the various types of light microscopes in terms of their uses, how images are created, and the quality of images produced 23) As the magnification of a series of objective lenses increases, the working distance ________. A) increases B) decreases C) stays the same D) cannot be predicted Answer: B Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02a Evaluate the parts of a light microscope in terms of their contributions to image production and use of the microscope 24) Prior to staining, smears of microorganisms must be heat-fixed in order to ________. A) allow eventual visualization of internal structures B) ensure removal of dust particles from the slide surface C) attach them firmly to the slide D) create small pores in cells that facilitates binding of stain to cell structures Answer: C Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03a Recommend a fixation process to use when the microbe is a bacterium or archaeon and when the microbe is a protist 8 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 25) Acid-fast organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis contain ________ constructed from mycolic acids in their cell walls. A) proteins B) carbohydrates C) lipids D) peptidoglycan Answer: C Topic: Mycobacteria Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). Learning Outcome: 02.03b Plan a series of appropriate staining procedures to describe an unknown bacterium as fully as possible 26) In the Gram-staining procedure, the primary stain is ________. A) iodine B) safranin C) crystal violet D) alcohol Answer: C Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03c Compare what happens to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells during each step of the Gram-staining procedure 27) In the Gram-staining procedure, the decolorizer is ________. A) iodine B) safranin C) crystal violet D) ethanol or acetone Answer: D Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03c Compare what happens to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells during each step of the Gram-staining procedure 28) In the Gram-staining procedure, the counterstain is ________. 9 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. A) iodine B) safranin C) crystal violet D) alcohol Answer: B Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03c Compare what happens to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells during each step of the Gram-staining procedure 29) In the Gram-staining procedure, the mordant is ________. A) iodine B) safranin C) crystal violet D) alcohol Answer: A Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03c Compare what happens to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells during each step of the Gram-staining procedure 30) After the primary stain has been added but before the decolorizer has been used, Grampositive organisms are stained ________ and Gram-negative organisms are stained ________. A) purple; purple B) purple; colorless C) purple; pink D) pink; pink Answer: A Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03c Compare what happens to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells during each step of the Gram-staining procedure 31) After the decolorizer has been added, Gram-positive organisms are stained ________ and Gram-negative organisms are stained ________. 10 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. A) purple; purple B) purple; colorless C) purple; pink D) pink; pink Answer: B Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03c Compare what happens to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells during each step of the Gram-staining procedure 32) After the mordant has been added, Gram-positive organisms are stained ________ and Gram-negative organisms are stained ________. A) purple; purple B) purple; colorless C) purple; pink D) pink; pink Answer: C Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03c Compare what happens to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells during each step of the Gram-staining procedure 11 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 33) If the decolorizer is left on too long in the Gram-staining procedure, Gram-positive organisms will be stained ________ and Gram-negative organisms will be stained ________. A) purple; blue B) purple; colorless C) purple; pink D) pink; pink Answer: D Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03c Compare what happens to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells during each step of the Gram-staining procedure 34) If the decolorizer is not left on long enough in the Gram-staining procedure, Gram-positive organisms will be stained ________ and Gram-negative organisms will be stained ________. A) purple; purple B) purple; colorless C) purple; pink D) pink; pink Answer: A Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03c Compare what happens to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells during each step of the Gram-staining procedure 35) Which of the following is considered to be a differential staining procedure? A) Gram stain B) Acid-fast stain C) Both Gram stain and Acid-fast stain D) Leifson’s flagella stain Answer: C Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 5. Evaluate / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03b Plan a series of appropriate staining procedures to describe an unknown bacterium as fully as possible 12 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 36) Basic dyes such as methylene blue bind to cellular molecules that are ________. A) hydrophobic B) negatively charged C) positively charged D) aromatic Answer: B Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03b Plan a series of appropriate staining procedures to describe an unknown bacterium as fully as possible 37) Gram staining divides bacterial species into two groups based on differences in cell wall structure. Answer: TRUE Topic: Bacterial Cellular Morphology Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). Learning Outcome: 02.03b Plan a series of appropriate staining procedures to describe an unknown bacterium as fully as possible 38) Negative staining facilitates the visualization of bacterial capsules that are intensely stained by the procedure. Answer: FALSE Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). Learning Outcome: 02.03b Plan a series of appropriate staining procedures to describe an unknown bacterium as fully as possible 13 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 39) Negative staining with India ink can be used to reveal the presence of capsules that surround bacterial cells. Answer: TRUE Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). Learning Outcome: 02.03b Plan a series of appropriate staining procedures to describe an unknown bacterium as fully as possible 40) Mordants increase the binding between a stain and specimen. Answer: TRUE Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03c Compare what happens to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells during each step of the Gram-staining procedure 41) In order to stain flagella so that they may be readily observed by light microscopy, it is usually necessary to increase their thickness. Answer: TRUE Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). Learning Outcome: 02.03b Plan a series of appropriate staining procedures to describe an unknown bacterium as fully as possible 42) The procedure in which a single stain is used to visualize microorganisms is called ________ staining. Answer: simple Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03b Plan a series of appropriate staining procedures to describe an unknown bacterium as fully as possible 14 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 43) ________ is the process by which internal and external structures of cells and organisms are preserved and maintained in position. Answer: Fixation Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03a Recommend a fixation process to use when the microbe is a bacterium or archaeon and when the microbe is a protist 44) Thin films of bacteria that have been air-dried onto a glass microscope slide are called ________. Answer: smears Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03a Recommend a fixation process to use when the microbe is a bacterium or archaeon and when the microbe is a protist 45) A procedure that divides organisms into two or more groups depending on their individual reactions to the same staining procedure is referred to as ________ staining. Answer: differential Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03b Plan a series of appropriate staining procedures to describe an unknown bacterium as fully as possible 15 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 46) The Gram-staining procedure is an example of ________. A) simple staining B) negative staining C) differential staining D) fluorescent staining Answer: C Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03c Compare what happens to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells during each step of the Gram-staining procedure 47) The Gram-staining procedure is widely used because it allows rapid identification of a microorganism with little additional testing. Answer: FALSE Topic: Identifying Microorganisms Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03b Plan a series of appropriate staining procedures to describe an unknown bacterium as fully as possible 48) Regions of a specimen with higher electron density scatter ________ electrons and, therefore, appear ________ in the image projected onto the screen of a transmission electron microscope. A) more; lighter B) more; darker C) fewer; darker D) fewer; lighter Answer: B Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.04b Decide when it would be best to examine a microbe by TEM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron cryotomography 16 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 49) Because transmission electron microscopy uses electrons rather than light, it is not necessary to stain biological specimens before observing them. Answer: FALSE Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.04a Create a concept map, illustration, or table that compares transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) to light microscopes 50) Scanning electron microscopes bombard specimens with a stream of electrons; however, the specimen image is produce by electrons that are derived from atoms of the specimen itself rather than by the electrons used to bombard the specimen. Answer: TRUE Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.04b Decide when it would be best to examine a microbe by TEM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron cryotomography 51) It was possible to view viruses only after the invention of the electron microscope because they are too small to be seen with a light microscope. Answer: TRUE Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.04a Create a concept map, illustration, or table that compares transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) to light microscopes 17 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 52) An electron microscope uses ________ lenses to focus beams of electrons onto a specimen. Answer: magnetic Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.04a Create a concept map, illustration, or table that compares transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) to light microscopes 53) Scanning electron microscopy is most often used to reveal ________. A) surface structures B) internal structures C) both surface and internal structures simultaneously D) either surface or internal structures, but not simultaneously Answer: A Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.04b Decide when it would be best to examine a microbe by TEM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron cryotomography 54) Small internal cell structures are best visualized with a ________. A) light microscope B) dark-field microscope C) transmission electron microscope D) flagellar microscope Answer: C Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.04b Decide when it would be best to examine a microbe by TEM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron cryotomography 18 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 55) In transmission electron microscopy, spreading a specimen out in a thin film with uranyl acetate, which does not penetrate the specimen, is called ________. A) freeze-etching B) simple staining C) shadow staining D) negative staining Answer: D Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.04a Create a concept map, illustration, or table that compares transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) to light microscopes 56) ________ breaks frozen specimens along lines of greatest weakness, often down the middle of lipid bilayer membranes so that they may be observed by transmission electron microscopy. Answer: Freeze-etching Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.04b Decide when it would be best to examine a microbe by TEM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron cryotomography 57) The ________ microscope is capable of atomic resolution of specimens, even when they are immersed in water. Answer: Scanning tunneling Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.05a Distinguish scanning tunneling from atomic force microscopes in terms of how they create images and their uses 19 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 58) The designer of the first transmission electron microscope, ________, was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in physics. Answer: Ernst Ruska Topic: History of Microbiology Bloom’s/Accessibility: 1. Remember / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.04a Create a concept map, illustration, or table that compares transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) to light microscopes 59) Atomic force microscopes use a scanning probe that maintains a fixed distance from the surface of the specimen. It is useful for specimens that ________. A) do not conduct electricity well B) have extremely uneven surfaces C) both do not conduct electricity well and have extremely uneven surfaces are correct D) neither do not conduct electricity well nor have extremely uneven surfaces is correct Answer: A Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.05a Distinguish scanning tunneling from atomic force microscopes in terms of how they create images and their uses 60) Scanning tunneling electron microscopes create a three-dimensional image of specimens at atomic level resolution. Answer: TRUE Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.05a Distinguish scanning tunneling from atomic force microscopes in terms of how they create images and their uses 20 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 61) If immersion oil was replaced with water, what would happen? A) The refractive index would increase, improving resolution. B) The refractive index of water would be greater than air but less than oil, improving resolution less than oil. C) The refractive index of water would be less than that of air, decreasing resolution. D) There would be no difference. Answer: B Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02b Predict the relative degree of resolution based on light wavelength and numerical aperture of the lens used to examine a specimen 62) As the resolution of a microscope system improves, the size of the smallest object that can be seen clearly ________. A) is larger. B) is smaller. C) is not affected. Answer: B Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.02b Predict the relative degree of resolution based on light wavelength and numerical aperture of the lens used to examine a specimen 63) If you forgot to heat fix a smear before doing a Gram stain, which of the following might occur? A) The stains would not adhere to the bacteria. B) The smear may not adhere to the slide. C) The decolorization step of the Gram stain would not work properly. D) Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria would both stain purple. Answer: B Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03a Recommend a fixation process to use when the microbe is a bacterium or archaeon and when the microbe is a protist 21 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 64) A specimen has been prepared for viewing with a transmission electron microscope, using uranyl acetate as a negative stain. The area stained by the uranyl acetate will be ________ electron dense compared to specimen itself. A) more B) less C) equally Answer: A Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.04b Decide when it would be best to examine a microbe by TEM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron cryotomography 65) If you forgot the decolorization step while performing a Gram stain, which outcome would you expect? A) Gram-positive bacteria would stain pink B) Gram-negative bacteria would stain purple C) Gram-negative bacteria would be unstained D) Gram-positive bacteria would be unstained Answer: B Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03c Compare what happens to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells during each step of the Gram-staining procedure 22 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 66) If you forgot to apply the safranin counterstain while performing a Gram stain, which outcome would you expect? A) Gram-positive bacteria would stain pink. B) Gram-negative bacteria would stain purple. C) Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria would be unstained. D) Gram-negative bacteria would be unstained. Answer: D Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Bloom’s/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.03c Compare what happens to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells during each step of the Gram-staining procedure 67) Which type of microscopy would be preferred for creating a three-dimensional view of the distribution and arrangement of flagella on a bacterial cell surface? A) Bright-field microscopy B) Scanning electron microscopy C) Fluorescence microscopy D) Transmission electron microscopy Answer: B Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.05b Compare and contrast light microscopy, electron microscopy, and scanning probe microscopy in terms of their uses, resolution, and the quality of the images created 23 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 68) Which type of microscopy would be preferred for showing fine internal detail of the eukaryotic organelles? A) Bright-field microscopy B) Scanning electron microscopy C) Fluorescence microscopy D) Transmission electron microscopy Answer: D Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 4. Analyze / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.05b Compare and contrast light microscopy, electron microscopy, and scanning probe microscopy in terms of their uses, resolution, and the quality of the images created 69) You are researching the structure of a transmembrane protein. Which type of microscopy would provide you the best view of this protein? A) Bright field microscopy B) Scanning electron microscopy C) Transmission electron microscopy D) Atomic force microscopy Answer: D Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.05b Compare and contrast light microscopy, electron microscopy, and scanning probe microscopy in terms of their uses, resolution, and the quality of the images created 24 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 70) If the strength of a lens is the reciprocal of its focal length (1/f ), which of the following lenses will have the greatest strength? A) A lens with a focal length of 1cm B) A lens with a focal length of 100 mm C) A lens with a focal length of 0.1 mm D) A lens with a focal length of 1 mm Answer: C Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 3. Apply / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.01b Correlate lens strength and focal length 71) Glass has a greater refractive index than air. This means that ________. A) the velocity of the light is slowed when it passes through the glass from the air B) the velocity of the light accelerates when it passes through the glass from the air C) the velocity of the light is slowed when it passes through the air from the glass D) the light is bent away from the normal when passing through glass from air Answer: A Topic: Microscopy Bloom’s/Accessibility: 5. Evaluate / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). Learning Outcome: 02.01a Relate the refractive indices of glass and air to the path light takes when it passes through a prism or convex lens 25 Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.