Test Bank For Merrill's Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures - 3-Volume Set, 14th Edition

Chapter 02: General Anatomy and Radiographic Positioning Terminology Long: Merrill’s Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures, 14th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In the “anatomic position,” the palms of the hands are facing: a. backward. b. forward. c. up. d. down. ANS: B 2. A plane passing through the body parallel with the midsagittal plane is termed: a. coronal. b. sagittal. c. axial. d. oblique. ANS: B 3. A plane passing vertically through the body from side to side is termed: a. oblique. b. sagittal. c. coronal. d. horizontal. ANS: C 4. Any plane passing through the body at right angles to its longitudinal axis is termed: a. coronal. b. oblique. c. sagittal. d. horizontal. ANS: D 5. All of the following are located in the thoracic cavity except: a. trachea. b. spleen. c. lungs. d. esophagus. ANS: B 6. All of the following are located in the abdominal cavity except: a. kidneys. b. stomach. c. rectum. d. pancreas. ANS: C 7. Into how many regions is the abdomen divided? a. Two b. Four c. Six d. Nine ANS: D 8. The lower, center region on this figure is termed the: a. b. c. d. epigastrium. lumbar. inguinal. hypogastrium. ANS: D 9. The external landmark indicated by the arrow in this figure is the: a. b. c. d. mastoid tip. vertebra prominens. gonion. transverse process. ANS: B 10. T9 and T10 are located at the level of the: a. sternal angle. b. xiphoid process. c. jugular notch. d. vertebra prominens. ANS: B 11. L4 and L5 are located at the level of the: a. costal margin. b. superior iliac spine. c. umbilicus. d. superior aspect of the iliac crests. ANS: D 12. S1 and S2 are located at the level of the: a. costal margin. b. umbilicus. c. superior aspect of the iliac crests. d. anterior superior iliac spines (ASISs). ANS: D 13. All of the following are types of body habitus, except: a. atrophic. b. sthenic. c. asthenic. d. hypersthenic. ANS: A 14. Approximately what percentage of the population has a sthenic body habitus? a. 5% b. 10% c. 35% d. 50% ANS: D 15. Which body habitus is shown in this figure? a. b. c. d. Hypersthenic Hyposthenic Asthenic Atrophic ANS: A 16. The least-occurring body habitus is the: a. hyposthenic. b. hypersthenic. c. asthenic. d. atrophic. ANS: B 17. The adult skeleton is composed of how many bones? a. 185 b. 200 c. 206 d. 208 ANS: C 18. Bones are composed of an outer layer of compact bony tissue called the: a. compact bone. b. periosteum. c. spongy tissue. d. medullary canal. ANS: A 19. Long bones have a central cylindrical cavity called the: a. meniscus. b. periosteum. c. medullary cavity. d. spongy tissue. ANS: C 20. How many specific types of synovial joints are there? a. Three b. Four c. Five d. Six ANS: D 21. Some synovial joints contain synovial fluid–filled sacs outside the main joint cavity called: a. bursae. b. menisci. c. ligaments. d. fibrous capsules. ANS: A 22. How many saddle joints are there in the body? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four ANS: A 23. Some synovial joints contain a thick cushioning pad of fibrocartilage called the: a. bursae. b. meniscus. c. cartilage. d. fibrous capsule. ANS: B 24. Which specific type of joint allows multiaxial movement? a. Pivot b. Gliding c. Ellipsoid d. Ball and socket ANS: D 25. After birth, a separate bone begins to develop at the ends of long bones. Each end is called the: a. b. c. d. diaphysis. epiphysis. epiphyseal line. epiphyseal plate. ANS: B 26. A rounded process at an articular extremity is called a: a. condyle. b. malleolus. c. tubercle. d. styloid. ANS: A 27. A hole in a bone for transmission of blood vessels and nerves is called a: a. groove. b. foramen. c. fissure. d. facet. ANS: B 28. A small, smooth-surfaced process for articulation of bones is called a: a. condyle. b. coronoid. c. facet. d. tuberosity. ANS: C 29. A term that means the same as anterior is: a. b. c. d. plantar. distal. dorsal. ventral. ANS: D 30. The term that may also be used to refer to the posterior surface of the body is: a. dorsal. b. ventral. c. volar. d. plantar. ANS: A 31. The term that refers to parts away from the head of the body, or angling the central ray toward the feet is: a. caudad. b. cephalad. c. medial. d. proximal. ANS: A 32. The term that refers to parts nearer the point of attachment, or origin, is: a. distal. b. proximal. c. caudad. d. cephalad. ANS: B 33. The term used to describe the sole of the foot is: a. ventral. b. posterior. c. plantar. d. dorsal. ANS: C 34. A large, rounded, elevated process on a bone is called a(n): a. malleolus. b. epicondyle. c. tubercle. d. tuberosity. ANS: D 35. All of the following terms are used to describe “body positions,” except: a. upright. b. axial. c. prone. d. LPO. ANS: B 36. Which of the following is an x-ray “projection”? a. RPO b. LAO c. Dorsoplantar d. Recumbent ANS: C 37. Which of the following is an x-ray “position”? a. Mediolateral b. Craniocaudal c. Orbitoparietal d. Trendelenburg ANS: D 38. Which of the following is an x-ray “projection”? a. Tangential b. Lordotic c. Right anterior oblique (RAO) d. Right lateral decubitus ANS: A 39. The path of the central ray stated as it exits the x-ray tube, travels through the patient and strikes the IR defines: a. radiography. b. decubitus. c. position. d. projection. ANS: D 40. If the central ray enters the anterior body surface and exits the posterior body surface, the x-ray projection is termed: a. PA. b. AP. c. lateral. d. axiolateral. ANS: B 41. The x-ray projection identified in this figure is: a. b. c. d. AP. PA. AP axial. AP oblique. ANS: C 42. Identify the x-ray projection illustrated in this figure. a. b. c. d. Tangential PA axial oblique. Orbitoparietal Parietoorbital ANS: A 43. When there is longitudinal angulation of the central ray with the long axis of the body, the projection will always use the term: a. oblique. b. axial. c. lateral. d. decubitus. ANS: B 44. Which of the following terms are used both as an x-ray projection and a body position? 1. Axial 2. Oblique 3. Lateral a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3 ANS: C 45. The term used to describe the act of placing the patient appropriately for a radiographic examination is: a. b. c. d. supine. recumbent. projection. position. ANS: D 46. Which of the following terms is used to describe a patient placed “lying on the back”? a. Supine b. Prone c. Lateral d. Recumbent ANS: A 47. What is the patient position illustrated in this figure? a. b. c. d. Dorsal recumbent Right lateral recumbent Left lateral decubitus Trendelenburg ANS: B 48. Oblique positions are always named according to the side of the patient that is: a. closest to the x-ray tube. b. the source of pathology. c. closest to the IR. d. farthest from the IR. ANS: C 49. The patient in this figure is placed in which position? a. b. c. d. RPO LPO RAO LAO ANS: D 50. The body position depicted below results in which x-ray projection? a. b. c. d. PA oblique AP oblique Recumbent Mediolateral ANS: A 51. Which of the following positioning terms indicates that the patient is lying down and the central ray is horizontal? a. Lateral b. Decubitus c. Recumbent d. Mediolateral ANS: B 52. The patient in this figure is placed in which of the following positions? a. b. c. d. Left lateral decubitus Right lateral decubitus Dorsal decubitus Ventral decubitus ANS: C 53. The x-ray projection shown in this figure is: a. b. c. d. AP. PA. right lateral. right lateral decubitus. ANS: A 54. The movement shown in this figure is: a. b. c. d. adduction. abduction. extension. flexion. ANS: D 55. Movement of a part away from the central axis of the body or body part is termed: a. adduction. b. abduction. c. extension. d. flexion. ANS: B 56. Forced or excessive extension of a limb or part is termed: a. eversion. b. inversion. c. hyperextension. d. hyperflexion. ANS: C 57. Rotation of the arm toward the midline of the body from the anatomic position is termed: a. pronation. b. supination. c. lateral rotation. d. medial rotation. ANS: D 58. If the foot is turned inward at the ankle joint, the body movement is termed: a. inversion. b. eversion. c. flexion. d. extension. ANS: A 59. Movement of a part toward the central axis of the body is termed: a. abduction. b. adduction. c. medial rotation. d. lateral rotation. ANS: B 60. Turning the forearm so that the palm of the hand is up is termed: a. pronation. b. supination. c. abduction. d. adduction. ANS: B 61. A club-shaped process on a bone is called a: a. coronoid. b. trochanter. c. tuberosity. d. malleolus. ANS: D 62. The term that refers to a part on the opposite side of the body is a. distal. b. proximal. c. ipsilateral. d. contralateral. ANS: D 63. Which of the following terms is plural? a. Calculi b. Labium c. Vertebra d. Bronchus ANS: A 64. Study of the bones of the body is known as: a. physiology. b. radiology. c. osteology. d. orthopedics. ANS: C 65. Which of the following planes divides the body into superior or inferior portions? a. Horizontal b. Oblique c. Midsagittal d. Midcoronal ANS: A 66. Which plane specifically divides the body into equal right and left halves? a. Axial b. Transverse c. Midcoronal d. Midsagittal ANS: D 67. The plane that divides the body into equal posterior and anterior halves is termed: a. horizontal. b. longitudinal. c. midcoronal. d. midsagittal. ANS: C 68. The upper, center region on this illustration is termed the: a. b. c. d. umbilical. epigastrium. hypogastrium. hypochondrium. ANS: B 69. The vertebra prominens is located at the level of the: a. L2-L3. b. L4-L5. c. C3-C4. d. C7-T1. ANS: D 70. The jugular notch is located at the level of: a. T2-T3. b. T4-T5. c. L2-L3. d. L4-L5. ANS: A 71. For which type of body habitus will the lungs be very short and wide? a. Sthenic b. Asthenic c. Hypersthenic d. Hyposthenic ANS: C 72. For which type of body habitus will the stomach be the lowest? a. Sthenic b. Asthenic c. Hypersthenic d. Hyposthenic ANS: B 73. For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be very high? a. Sthenic b. Asthenic c. Hyposthenic d. Hypersthenic ANS: D 74. The longest lungs will be found in which type of body habitus? a. Sthenic b. Asthenic c. Hyposthenic d. Hypersthenic ANS: B 75. The lungs will be a moderate length in which body habitus? a. Sthenic b. Asthenic c. Hyposthenic d. Hypersthenic ANS: A 76. The stomach is positioned the highest in which type of body habitus? a. Sthenic b. Asthenic c. Hyposthenic d. Hypersthenic ANS: D 77. Which type of body habitus is shown in this illustration? a. b. c. d. Sthenic Asthenic Hyposthenic Hypersthenic ANS: B 78. The appendicular skeleton allows the body to move in various positions. How many bones does it contain? a. 14 b. 80 c. 126 d. 206 ANS: C 79. Bones provide which of the following? 1. Protection of internal organs 2. Production of red and white blood cells 3. Attachment for the skin and fat layers a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3 ANS: A 80. The red marrow within bones produces _____ cells. 1. adipose 2. red blood 3. white blood a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3 ANS: C 81. What is the name of the tough, fibrous tissue that covers all bony surfaces? a. Endosteum b. Periosteum c. Compact bone d. Spongy bone ANS: B 82. The tissue lining the medullary cavity of bones is called the: a. endosteum. b. periosteum. c. trabeculae. d. compact bone. ANS: A 83. The part of the bone where muscles, tendons, or ligaments are attached is called: a. a foramina. b. the meatus. c. the fossa. d. a tuberosity. ANS: D 84. Near the center of all long bones is a specific opening in the periosteum called the: a. foramen. b. nutrient foramen. c. medullary cavity. d. epiphyseal plate. ANS: B 85. The area of the bone indicated by the line on this figure is the: a. b. c. d. periosteum. endosteum. compact bone. epiphyseal line. ANS: D 86. The area of the bone indicated by the arrow on this figure is the: a. b. c. d. spongy bone. compact bone. medullary cavity. medullary cavity. ANS: C 87. The piece of cartilage that separates the end of a developing long bone from the central shaft is called the: a. diaphysis. b. epiphysis. c. epiphyseal line. d. epiphyseal plate. ANS: D 88. Near the age of 21, full ossification occurs between the ends and the central shaft of long bones. The moderately visible area where the bones join is called the: a. epiphyseal line. b. epiphyseal plate. c. primary center of ossification. d. secondary center of ossification. ANS: A 89. What is the classification of the bone shown in this illustration? a. b. c. d. Long Short Irregular Sesamoid ANS: C 90. The study of joints or articulations is known as: a. arthrology. b. osteology. c. radiology. d. radiography. ANS: A 91. How many specific types of joints are contained within the structural classification of joints? a. 3 b. 4 c. 6 d. 11 ANS: D 92. The syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints belong to which structural joint group? a. Hinge joints b. Fibrous joints c. Synovial joints d. Cartilaginous joints ANS: B 93. Which structural joint group contains joints that are all freely movable? a. Hinge joints b. Fibrous joints c. Synovial joints d. Cartilaginous joints ANS: C 94. Which specific type of joint permits only flexion and extension? a. Hinge joints b. Gliding joints c. Pivot joints d. Saddle joints ANS: A 95. The small, rounded, elevated process on a bone is called a(n): a. malleolus. b. tubercle. c. epicondyle. d. protuberance. ANS: B 96. A tubelike passageway running within a bone is called a: a. fossa. b. groove. c. meatus. d. foramen. ANS: C 97. Which of the following terms refers to the covering of an organ? a. External b. Internal c. Visceral d. Parietal ANS: C 98. Which of the following terms refers to the back part of a body or organ? a. Ventral b. Dorsal c. Distal d. Proximal ANS: B 99. Reference toward the head of the body is termed: a. external. b. proximal. c. caudad. d. cephalad. ANS: D 100. The term that refers to parts farthest from the point of attachment, point of reference, or away from the center of the body is: a. distal. b. proximal. c. caudad. d. cephalad. ANS: A 101. A serious fracture in which the broken bone or bones project through the skin is called a(n) _____ fracture. a. open b. closed c. displaced d. nondisplaced ANS: A 102. A serious fracture in which the bones are not in anatomic alignment is called: a. impacted. b. compression. c. displaced. d. nondisplaced. ANS: C 103. When a fractured bone retains its normal alignment, it is called: a. greenstick. b. compound. c. displaced. d. nondisplaced. ANS: D 104. When a fractured bone is shattered into many pieces, it is called: a. spiral. b. transverse. c. compression. d. comminuted. ANS: D 105. The body position in this illustration is: a. b. c. d. prone. Fowler. Trendelenburg. anteroposterior. ANS: B 106. The projection shown in this illustration is: a. b. c. d. AP. PA. AP axial. PA axial. ANS: B 107. Movement or positioning of the hand toward the radius or ulna is termed: a. abduction. b. eversion. c. supination. d. deviation. ANS: D 108. Tipping or slanting a body part slightly is termed: a. b. c. d. extension. eversion. tilting. oblique. ANS: C 109. The plane indicated by the arrow in this figure is the: a. b. c. d. sagittal. coronal. oblique. horizontal. ANS: A 110. The plane indicated by the arrow in this figure is the: a. b. c. d. sagittal. coronal. oblique. horizontal. ANS: C 111. The body plane indicated by the arrow in this figure is the: a. b. c. d. midcoronal. midsagittal. horizontal. transverse. ANS: B 112. The body plane indicated by the arrow in this figure is the: a. b. c. d. sagittal. coronal. midsagittal. midcoronal. ANS: D 113. When the hand is turned toward the radial side, it is termed: a. radial deviation. b. ulnar deviation. c. abduction. d. adduction. ANS: A 114. When the hand is turned toward the ulnar side, it is termed: a. b. c. d. adduction. abduction. ulnar deviation. radial deviation. ANS: C 115. The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the: a. atlas. b. axis. c. patella. d. flabella. ANS: C 116. The portion of the abdominal cavity labeled as D in this figure is the _____ quadrant. a. b. c. d. right upper left upper right lower left lower ANS: D 117. The portion of the abdominal cavity labeled as B in this figure is the _____ quadrant. a. b. c. d. right upper left upper right lower left lower ANS: A 118. The portion of the abdominal cavity labeled as C in this figure is the _____ quadrant. a. b. c. d. right upper left upper right lower left lower ANS: B 119. In which quadrant of the abdomen is the appendix usually located? a. RUQ b. RLQ c. LUQ d. LLQ ANS: B 120. The vertebrae located at approximately the same level as the xiphoid process are: a. C7-T1. b. T1-T2. c. T9-T10. d. L2-L3. ANS: C 121. Which structure can be palpated by an imaging professional palpate to locate the level of the pubic symphysis? a. Coccyx b. ASIS c. Iliac crest d. Greater trochanter ANS: D 122. Which bone classification is defined as those that develop in or near tendons? a. Sesamoid b. Irregular c. Short d. Flat ANS: A MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which two of the following lie in the pelvic cavity? (Select all that apply.) a. Kidneys b. Rectum c. Urinary bladder d. Pancreas ANS: B, C 2. Which two terms are used to describe x-ray “projections”? (Select all that apply.) a. AP b. PA axial c. Supine d. RPO ANS: A, B