Test Bank for Marriages, Families, and Intimate Relationships, 5th Edition

Chapter 2: Understanding: Learning about Intimate Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is an example of magical thinking? A. believing that some illnesses can’t be cured B. taking vitamin C to cure a cold C. researching on the internet D. trusting immunization Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking. Topic: Uncritical Thinking & Magical Thinking Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understanding the Concepts 2. The comfortable patterns of thinking we acquire in a lifetime are called __________. A. critical thinking B. reasoning C. deductive arguments D. mindsets Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking. Topic: Uncritical Thinking & Magical Thinking Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3. The magical thinking of “vaccine doubters” and anti-science families can be held responsible for the reintroduction of __________ to the United States. A. herpes B. autism C. HPV D. measles Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking. Topic: Uncritical Thinking & Magical Thinking Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 4. Developing an understanding of a problem is _________. A. difficult for many people B. likely to cause insecurity C. something best left to scientists D. part of critical thinking Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking. Topic: Critical Thinking: Clear, Skeptical, Active Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 5. Critical thinking requires __________. A. constant questioning B. experience C. a firm mindset D. an imagination Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking. Topic: Critical Thinking: Clear, Skeptical, Active Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 6. Which of the following illustrates the first step in critical thinking? A. rereading directions while assembling a new gas grill B. examining relevant past experiences to determine new courses of action C. devising an outline for an essay D. using the Internet to research a controversial issue Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking. Topic: Critical Thinking: Skills versus Disposition Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 7. Which of the following is an example of the second step in critical thinking? A. choosing from among several essay outlines and following the selected format B. conducting online research about a particular topic before delivering a persuasive speech C. basing a decision concerning how to dress for a formal occasion upon past experiences D. rereading an algebra problem several times before beginning to solve it Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking. Topic: Critical Thinking: Skills versus Disposition Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 8. Theories are useful because they can __________. A. help analyze research findings B. develop multiple hypotheses C. provide a single, definitive answer to a problem D. explain social laws Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: Theoretical Perspectives on the Family Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 9. A perspective or set of statements that explains why processes and events occur is called a __________. A. hypothesis B. theory C. variable D. sample Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: Theoretical Perspectives on the Family Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 10. Which of the following is an example of micro-level orientation? A. theories regarding the economy’s influence on marriage B. theories linking pop culture and its influence on families C. theories examining individuals’ impact on society D. theories that connect global systems and family practices Answer: C Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: Two Types of Theories: Macro-Level versus Micro-Level Orientations Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11. The structural-functional theoretical perspective identifies the __________within the family. A. instrumental roles B. emotional connections C. costs and rewards D. psychological stages Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: The Structural-Functional Perspective: The Family Is a Social Institution Performing Essential Functions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 12. Which of the following is an example of a manifest function of the Internet? A. to decrease personal interaction B. to enhance the speed of research C. to expose children to education D. to increase fidelity in relationships Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: The Structural-Functional Perspective: The Family Is a Social Institution Performing Essential Functions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 13. Talcott Parsons advocated which perspective on family? A. structural-functional B. conflict C. ecological D. family systems Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: The Structural-Functional Perspective: The Family Is a Social Institution Performing Essential Functions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14. Socialization is the __________. A. ongoing actions and responses of family members to one another B. process by which we learn the attitudes and beliefs of our culture C. presence and development of unique personality characteristics in individuals D. development of self-image and definitions of social situations Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: The Structural-Functional Perspective: The Family Is a Social Institution Performing Essential Functions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15. The conflict perspective __________. A. describes how families unite against adverse outside forces B. views individuals and groups as being in competition with each other over scarce resources C. looks at how families change as they add and subtract members D. forms the basis for the development of men’s studies Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: The Conflict Perspective: Conflict & Change, Not Harmony, Is the Normal State of the Family Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 16. __________said, “If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.” A. William I. Thomas B. Herbert Blumer C. Charles Horton Cooley D. George Herbert Mead Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: The Symbolic Interaction Perspective: People’s Interactions Ultimately Determine Their Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17. The family systems perspective suggests that __________. A. family members fulfill certain tasks and expectations as they move through their family life cycle B. male dominance in the family creates stability C. each member of the family fulfills a special role D. family members make up a system of interconnected parts Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: The Family Systems Perspective: Family Members Are Interconnected & Changes in One Affect Others Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18. __________theory explains the phenomenon of emotionally detached wives “walking away” from their marriages, much to the surprise of their husbands. A. Structural-functional B. Symbolic interaction C. Social exchange D. Family development Answer: C Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: The Social Exchange Perspective: Individuals Seek the Most Benefits & the Least Costs in a Relationship Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 19. Feminist scholar Jessie Bernard believed that women were oppressed by __________. A. not having the right to vote B. the institution of marriage C. policies affecting female reproduction D. being underrepresented in government Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: 6. The Feminist Perspective: Inequality between Men & Women Results from Male Dominance Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20. Which of the following perspectives employs micro- and macro-level orientations? A. ecological B. symbolic interaction C. feminist D. social exchange Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: 7. The Ecological Perspective: The Family Is Influenced by & Influences Its Environment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 21. A researcher who links Attention Deficit Disorder in preschoolers to the amount of television they watch is applying which perspective? A. symbolic interaction B. structural-functional C. ecological D. social exchange Answer: C Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: The Ecological Perspective: The Family Is Influenced by & Influences Its Environment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 22. Expecting family members to perform certain roles and exhibit certain behaviors in accordance with the age of the family is an example of which perspective? A. symbolic interaction B. family systems C. ecological D. social exchange Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: The Family Development Perspective: Individuals & Families Change through Stages of Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. Which of the following perspectives is criticized for negating the significance of acceptance and cooperation? A. structural-functional B. symbolic interaction C. conflict D. family systems Answer: C Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: Is Any Perspective Better Than Any Other? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 24. Responses to a magazine survey are an example of a __________. A. representative sample of those magazine subscribers B. stratified random sample C. random sample D. nonrepresentative sample Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity. Topic: Survey Research: Collecting Data by Questionnaire or Interview from Representative Samples Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 25. Giving everyone in a research study population a chance of being included in a survey is called a(n) __________. A. sample B. nonrepresentative sample C. random sample D. interview technique Answer: C Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity. Topic: Survey Research: Collecting Data by Questionnaire or Interview from Representative Samples Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26. Viewers who respond to a television news program via the Internet make up a __________ sample. A. representative B. stratified random C. nonrepresentative D. stratified nonrepresentative Answer: C Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity. Topic: Survey Research: Collecting Data by Questionnaire or Interview from Representative Samples Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. Applying the research findings of a particular sample to the larger population is known as__________. A. generalization B. the Hawthorne effect C. a longitudinal study D. random sampling Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity. Topic: Survey Research: Collecting Data by Questionnaire or Interview from Representative Samples Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 28. When employing __________, researchers interact with subjects in their natural environment without their knowledge. A. surveys B. participant observation C. detached observation D. nonparticipant observation Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity. Topic: Observational Research: Observing People in Their Usual Surroundings Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29. __________refers to the fact that some subjects in research studies who alter their behavior because they know they are being studied. A. Participant bias B. The Hawthorne effect C. Participant control D. Maneuvering Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity. Topic: 3. Observational Research: Observing People in Their Usual Surroundings Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 30. __________are factors or behaviors that can be controlled or manipulated by the experimenter. A. Case studies B. Observational studies C. Dependent variables D. Independent variables Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity. Topic: Experimental Research: Measuring Behavior under Controlled Conditions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 31. In drug trials, those who do not receive test drugs are the __________. A. independent variables B. dependent variables C. experimental group D. control group Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity. Topic: Experimental Research: Measuring Behavior under Controlled Conditions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. Data collected from a sample group over several years is called a __________ study. A. cross-cultural B. longitudinal C. historical D. content analysis Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity. Topic: 5. Other Kinds of Research Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 33. When examining research findings, which two key issues affect objectivity? A. media exposure and research methods B. money and experience C. time and energy D. mindsets and research flaws Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity. Topic: Trying to Be Objective: How Do You Know What’s True? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 34. When Dr. Nelson’s research findings are unable to be replicated by other researchers, the study has a problem with __________. A. bias B. validity C. reliability D. control groups Answer: C Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity. Topic: Trying to Be Objective: How Do You Know What’s True? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 35. Allison is interested in understanding how a person’s likelihood of being unemployed is related to her race/ethnicity. Should she conduct research on the issue, she will be employing __________. A. her sociological imagination B. case study analysis C. longitudinal analysis D. cultural imagination Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity. Topic: Using the Sociological Imagination: Different Folks, Different Families Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know ESSAY 36. Discuss the four steps in critical thinking. Give an example of each. Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Understanding the problem. An example might be asking your instructor for clarification on an assignment before beginning. 2. Gathering and interpreting information. An example might be collecting data on the issue through a method such as survey research. 3. Developing and carrying out a solution plan. An example might be making a policy recommendation. 4. Evaluating the plan’s effectiveness. An example might be conducting a policy evaluation to determine whether or not desired effects materialized. Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking. Topic: Critical Thinking: Skills versus Disposition Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 37. Contrast the macro- and micro-level theoretical orientations and tell which orientation is involved in each of the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family. Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Macro-level orientations are the top-down view, focusing on large-scale patterns of society. 2. Micro-level orientations are the bottom-up view, focusing on small-scale patterns of society, particularly on individual interactions in specific settings. 3. Macro-level examples include structural-functional and conflict. 4. Micro-level examples include symbolic interaction, family systems, and social exchange. 5. Perspectives that use both macro- and micro-level orientations include feminist, ecological, and family development. Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: Theoretical Perspectives on the Family; Two Types of Theories: Macro-Level versus Micro-Level Orientations Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 38. Contrast the family development and family systems perspectives. Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The family development theory argues that the family’s dynamics depend on the stage in the family life cycle. 2. The family systems theory argues that the family is a system of interrelated parts. Any change in the family will affect all other members. All families have an equilibrium point that family members strive to maintain. Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: The Family Systems Perspective: Family Members Are Interconnected & Changes in One Affect Others; The Family Development Perspective: Individuals & Families Change through Stages of Life Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 39. Discuss criticisms of the social exchange perspective. Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. This perspective focuses on careful evaluation of benefits and costs and the attempts by each person in a relationship to maximize his/her benefits and minimize his/her costs. 2. It has been criticized for assuming that people always act in rational ways. 3. It also has been faulted for stressing the individual and his/her needs over altruism and the needs of the family unit. Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives. Topic: 5. The Social Exchange Perspective: Individuals Seek the Most Benefits & the Least Costs in a Relationship; Is Any Perspective Better Than Any Other? Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 40. Describe the circumstances under which survey research is appropriate and when observational research should be used. Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Survey research can be used to gather statistical data from representative groups and the data can then be used to generalize to the larger population. 2. Surveys have specific data collection techniques to ensure reliability and validity. Surveys can be administered by questionnaire or interview. 3. Observational research can be used to gather intimate information about a specific group within their natural setting. 4. Participant observation gathers data while interacting with that group. Nonparticipant observation gathers data without having to interact with the subjects. These data cannot be generalized to other populations. Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity. Topic: Survey Research: Collecting Data by Questionnaire or Interview from Representative Samples; Observational Research: Observing People in Their Usual Surroundings Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It