Test Bank For Introduction to Occupational Therapy, 4th Edition

O’Brien: Introduction to Occupational Therapy, 4th Edition Chapter 2: Looking Back: A History of Occupational Therapy Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which statement most closely describes Moral Treatment? 1. All persons are entitled to human compassion. 2. Children are entitled to a free public education. 3. Persons with disabilities are entitled to access to technology. 4. Persons with disabilities must have equal access to public buildings. 5. The government will pay for some inpatient stays. ANS: 1 Moral Treatment is grounded in the philosophy that all people, even the most challenged, are entitled to consideration and human compassion. REF: p. 14 2. Which statement most closely describes the Americans with Disabilities Act? 1. All persons are entitled to human compassion. 2. Children are entitled to a free public education. 3. Persons with disabilities are entitled to access to technology. 4. Persons with disabilities must have equal access to public buildings. 5. The government will pay for some inpatient stays. ANS: 4 The Americans with Disabilities Act provides civil rights to all individuals with disabilities and guarantees equal access to and opportunity in employment, transportation, public accommodations, state and local government, and telecommunications for individuals with disabilities. REF: p. 22 3. Which law will help fund a laptop computer for 6-year-old Korey, a child with cerebral palsy who needs the laptop to communicate and complete written work while in school? 1. Americans with Disabilities Act 2. Individuals with Disabilities Educational Act (IDEA) 3. Handicapped Infants and Toddlers Act 4. Medicare 5. None; parents must pay out of pocket for this. ANS: 2 Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Test Bank 2-2 IDEA 97 stipulates that assistive technology needs for children with disabilities must be considered when exploring the needs for the child to be successful in the school, along with other special factors. REF: pp. 22-23 4. Which law provides services specifically for children from birth to 5 years of age? 1. Americans with Disabilities Act 2. Individuals with Disabilities Educational Act (IDEA) 3. Handicapped Infants and Toddlers Act 4. Medicare 5. none ANS: 3 The Handicapped Infants and Toddlers Act (PL 94-457) extended services to children from birth to 5 years of age. REF: p. 21 5. Which legislation caps the annual reimbursement for occupational therapy services at $1500? 1. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 2. Balanced Budget Act of 1997 3. Social Security Amendments of 1983 4. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 5. Medicare (1965) ANS: 2 Under the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, there is an annual $1500 cap per person receiving occupational therapy services, and a separate $1500 cap per person for physical therapy and speech-language pathology combined. REF: p. 23 6. Who introduced “work treatment” for the insane in the late 1700s? 1. Benjamin Rush 2. Herbert Hall 3. Phillippe Pinel 4. Thomas Kidner 5. William Tuke ANS: 3 Phillippe Pinel, a physician from France, introduced “work treatment” for the “insane” in the late 1700s. REF: p. 14 Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Test Bank 2-3 7. Who initiated the use of crafts for the purpose of improving health and financial independence? 1. Benjamin Rush 2. Herbert Hall 3. Phillippe Pinel 4. Thomas Kidner 5. William Tuke ANS: 2 Herbert Hall, a physician who graduated from Harvard Medical School, worked with invalid patients, providing medical supervision of crafts for the purpose of improving their health and financial independence. REF: p. 15 8. Who is considered the “father of occupational therapy”? 1. Adolph Meyer 2. Benjamin Rush 3. George Barton 4. Herbert Hall 5. William Dunton ANS: 5 William Rush Dunton, Jr., is considered the father of occupational therapy. He was a psychiatrist who implemented a program based on Pinel and Tuke’s work at the Sheppard Asylum. Dunton was known for his writings on the value of occupation for treatment, and he published Occupational Therapy: A Manual for Nurses in 1915. He served as treasurer and president of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy and edited the association’s journal for 21 years. REF: p. 15 9. Who is considered the “mother of occupational therapy”? 1. Susan Cox Johnson 2. Susan Tracy 3. Jane Addams 4. Eleanor Clarke Slagle 5. Tracy Meyers ANS: 4 Eleanor Clarke Slagle began her career as a student in social work. She attended training courses in curative occupations in 1908 at the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy, which was affiliated with Hull House and Jane Addams. After training, she worked at state hospitals in Michigan and New York. She is most noted for developing “habit training” and for organizing the first professional school for OT practitioners. REF: pp. 15-16 Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Test Bank 2-4 10. When did arts and crafts become tools used in occupational therapy practice? 1. 1800 2. 1900 3. 1960 4. 1980 5. 2000 ANS: 2 In the early twentieth century, there was a contingency of proponents of the arts and crafts. Arts and crafts allowed people to experience pleasure in making practical and beautiful items for everyday use. Led by John Ruskin and William Morris, the Arts and Crafts Movement was started in England. REF: p. 18 11. In what year was Medicare enacted? 1. 1800 2. 1900 3. 1965 4. 1980 5. 2000 ANS: 3 Medicare (PL 89-97) was enacted in 1965; it amplified the demand for occupational therapy services further. Those who are 65 years or older or those who are permanently and totally disabled receive assistance paying for health care. REF: p. 20 12. When was the position of occupational therapy assistant introduced? 1. 1745 2. 1809 3. 1958 4. 1987 5. 2000 ANS: 3 The first 3-month educational program for the occupational therapy assistant began in 1958 in psychiatry. The second course for general practice was offered in 1960. Initially, these training programs were provided in hospitals. Later, the programs were offered in technical schools and community colleges. REF: p. 20 13. OT practitioners no longer use arts and crafts in practice. 1. True 2. False Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Test Bank 2-5 ANS: 2 The arts and crafts approach in therapy is still used. OT practitioners continue to report the benefits of this purposeful activity. REF: p. 20 14. The goal of occupational therapy is to help clients regain fine motor skill. 1. True 2. False ANS: 2 The goal of occupational therapy is to help clients re-engage in occupations. Improving fine-motor skills may be one technique necessary to meet this goal. REF: p. 23 15. The profession is returning to embrace the ideas of occupation, as opposed to reductionistic philosophies. 1. True 2. False ANS: 1 The Occupational Therapy Practice Framework emphasizes the need for practitioners, consumers, and educators to examine the occupations of persons and to help them reengage in them. The focus of the profession is helping clients engage in those everyday things that hold meaning for them. REF: p. 23 Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.