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Chapter 02: Oral Cavity and Pharynx
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following oral landmarks may be noted on the soft palate?
a. Incisive papilla
b. Palatine rugae
c. Median palatine raphe
d. Uvula
ANS: D
A midline muscular structure, the uvula of the palate, hangs down from the posterior margin
of the soft palate. The incisive papilla is a small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part of the
hard palate. The median palatine raphe is a midline ridge of tissue on the hard palate. The
palatine rugae are firm, irregular ridges of tissue on the hard palate.
REF: Chapter 2, Palate, Page 15
2. Which of the following oral landmarks separates the base from the body of the tongue?
a. Sublingual fold
b. Lingual tonsil
c. Plica fimbriatae
d. Sulcus terminalis
ANS: D
Posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the tongue is an inverted V-shaped groove, the sulcus
terminalis; it separates the base from the body of the tongue, demarcating a line of fusion of
tissue during the tongueโs development. A ridge of tissue on each side of the floor of the
mouth, the sublingual fold, joins in a V-shaped configuration extending from the lingual
frenum to the base of the tongue; it contains openings of the sublingual duct from the
sublingual salivary gland. Even farther posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the base of the
tongue is an irregular mass of tissue, the lingual tonsil. Lateral to each deep lingual vein on
the ventral surface of the tongue is the plica fimbriata (plural, plicae fimbriatae) with
fringelike projections.
REF: Chapter 2, Tongue, Page 15
3. Which of the following statements concerning Fordyce spots is correct?
a. Composed of salivary gland tissue
b. Located on the attached gingiva
c. Composed of sebum from sebaceous tissue
d. Indicate a disease state in the tissue
ANS: C
On the surface of the labial and buccal mucosa is a common variation, Fordyce spots. These
are visible as small, yellowish elevations on the oral mucosa. They represent deeper deposits
of sebum from trapped or misplaced sebaceous gland tissue, usually associated with hair
follicles.
REF: Chapter 2, Clinical Considerations with Oral Mucosa, Page 10
4. The line of demarcation between the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is the:
a. mucogingival junction.
b. interdental gingiva.
c. mucobuccal fold.
d. marginal gingiva.
ANS: A
The line of demarcation between the firmer and pinker attached gingiva and the movable and
redder alveolar mucosa is the scallop-shaped mucogingival junction. The interdental gingiva
is the gingival tissue between adjacent teeth adjoining attached gingiva. Deep within each
vestibule is the vestibular fornix, where the pink labial mucosa or buccal mucosa meets the
redder alveolar mucosa at the mucobuccal fold. At the gingival margin of each tooth is the
marginal gingiva, which forms a cuff above the neck of the tooth.
REF: Chapter 2, Gingival Tissue, Page 13
5. The root of the mature and fully erupted tooth is composed of:
a. enamel, dentin, and pulp.
b. dentin and pulp.
c. dentin, pulp, and cementum.
d. pulp, cementum, and periodontal ligament.
ANS: C
The crown of the tooth is composed of the extremely hard outer enamel layer and the
moderately hard inner dentin layer overlying the pulp of the tooth. The pulp is the soft
innermost layer in the tooth. The moderately hard dentin continues to cover the soft tissue of
the pulp of the tooth in the root(s), but the outermost layer of the root(s) is composed of
cementum. The bonelike cementum is the part of the tooth that attaches to the periodontal
ligament, which then attaches to the alveolus of bone, holding the tooth in its socket.
REF: Chapter 2, Jaws, Alveolar Processes, and Teeth, Page 12
6. Which of the following lingual papillae are located on the lateral surface of the tongue?
a. Circumvallate papillae
b. Filiform papillae
c. Fungiform papillae
d. Foliate papillae
ANS: D
Certain surfaces of the tongue have small, elevated structures of specialized mucosa, the
lingual papillae, some of which are associated with taste buds. The side or lateral surface of
the tongue has vertical ridges, the foliate lingual papillae. The dorsal surface has the filiform,
fungiform, and circumvallate.
REF: Chapter 2, Tongue, Page 15
7. Which of the following folds or grooves of tissue are located on the floor of the mouth?
a. Plica fimbriatae
b. Labiomental groove
c. Sublingual folds
d. Labial commissure
ANS: C
A ridge of tissue on each side of the floor of the mouth, the sublingual fold, joins in a
V-shaped configuration extending from the lingual frenum to the base of the tongue. The
sublingual folds contain openings of the sublingual duct from the sublingual salivary gland.
The labiomental groove is the natural indentation in the chin, just inferior to the lips, that
takes its form from the muscles and bones lying beneath the skin. The upper and lower lips
meet at each corner of the mouth at the labial commissure.
REF: Chapter 2, Floor of Mouth, Page 17
8. Which of the following structures is never visible in any part on a dental intraoral
examination?
a. Oropharynx
b. Laryngopharynx
c. Soft palate
d. Nasopharynx
ANS: B
The laryngopharynx is the more inferior division of the pharynx, close to the laryngeal
opening. To examine the more extensive parts of the nasopharynx as well as the
laryngopharynx or even the oropharynx in some patients, special diagnostic tools are needed.
REF: Chapter 2, Pharyngeal Divisions, Page 17
9. A midline depression on the dorsal surface of the tongue is called the:
a. median palatine raphe.
b. sulcus terminalis.
c. labiomental groove.
d. median lingual sulcus.
ANS: D
The top, or dorsal surface of the tongue, has a midline depression, the median lingual sulcus,
corresponding to the position of a midline fibrous structure deeper in the tongue and fusion
tissue area. A midline ridge of tissue on the hard palate is the median palatine raphe, which
overlies the bony fusion of the palate. The labiomental groove is the natural indentation in the
chin, just inferior to the lips. Posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the tongue, and more difficult
to see clinically, is an inverted V-shaped groove, the sulcus terminalis.
REF: Chapter 2, Tongue, Page 15
10. Adult teeth, or _____ teeth, also include all the same teeth as the primary teeth as well as
premolars.
a. deciduous
b. permanent
c. baby
d. primary
ANS: B
Adult teeth, or permanent teeth, also include all the same teeth as the primary teeth, as well as
premolars. The tooth types in both arches of the teeth of children, or primary teeth, include
incisors, canines, and molars. Other terms for the primary teeth are the deciduous or โbabyโ
teeth.
REF: Chapter 2, Dental Arches, Page 12
11. Which of the following orofacial structures contains the alveolus of a tooth?
a. Vestibular fornix
b. Alveolar process
c. Zygomatic arch
d. Retromolar pad
ANS: B
The alveolar process, or alveolar bone, is the bony extension for both the maxilla and
mandible that contains each tooth socket of the teeth or alveolus (plural, alveoli). The alveolar
process, or alveolar bone, is the bony extension for both the maxilla and mandible that
contains each tooth socket of the teeth or alveolus (plural, alveoli). Farther laterally is the
zygomatic region, which overlies the bony support for the cheek, the zygomatic arch. On the
lower jaw is a dense pad of tissue located just distal to the last tooth of the mandibular arch,
the retromolar pad.
REF: Chapter 2, Jaws, Alveolar Processes, Page 10
12. The oral tissue closest to the inner cheek is best described as:
a. labial.
b. facial.
c. buccal.
d. palatal.
ANS: C
The facial structures close to the inner cheek are buccal. The structures closest to the tongue
are lingual. The lingual structures closest to the palate are palatal. The structures closest to the
facial surface are facial. The facial structures closest to the lips are labial.
REF: Chapter 2, Oral Cavity Divisions, Page 9
13. The outermost layer of the root is composed of:
a. cementum.
b. pulp.
c. dentin.
d. enamel.
ANS: A
The crown of the tooth is composed of the extremely hard outer enamel layer and the
moderately hard inner dentin layer overlying the pulp of the tooth. The pulp is the soft
innermost layer in the tooth. The moderately hard dentin continues to cover the soft tissue of
the pulp of the tooth in the root(s), but the outermost layer of the root(s) is composed of
cementum. The bonelike cementum is the part of the tooth that attaches to the periodontal
ligament.
REF: Chapter 2, Jaws, Alveolar Processes, and Teeth, Page 12
14. Just distal to the last tooth of the maxillary arch is a tissue-covered elevation of the bone
called the:
a. maxillary arch.
b. maxillary tuberosity.
c. canine eminence.
d. retromolar pad.
ANS: B
Just distal to the last tooth of the maxillary arch is a tissue-covered elevation of the bone, the
maxillary tuberosity. Similarly, on the lower jaw is a dense pad of tissue located just distal to
the last tooth of the mandibular arch, the retromolar pad. The alveolar processes with the teeth
in the alveoli are also called dental arches, the maxillary arch and mandibular arch. The facial
part of the alveolus of each canine, the vertically placed canine eminence, is especially
prominent on each side of the maxilla.
REF: Chapter 2, Dental Arches, Page 12
15. On which of the following orofacial tissue is the linea alba located?
a. Attached gingiva
b. Marginal gingiva
c. Labial mucosa
d. Buccal mucosa
ANS: D
A variation that can be noted on the buccal mucosa is the linea alba. This is a white ridge of
hyperkeratinization that extends horizontally at the level where the maxillary and mandibular
teeth come together and occlude; similar ridges of white tissue can sometimes be present on
the tongue perimeter.
REF: Chapter 2, Clinical Considerations with Oral Mucosa, Page 10
16. The structures closest to the lips are termed _____ or labial.
a. lingual
b. facial
c. buccal
d. palatal
ANS: B
The structures closest to the facial surface are facial. The facial structures closest to the lips
are labial. The facial structures close to the inner cheek are buccal. The structures closest to
the tongue are lingual. The lingual structures closest to the palate are palatal.
REF: Chapter 2, Oral Cavity Divisions, Page 9
17. The pink labial mucosa or buccal mucosa meets the redder _____ at the mucobuccal fold.
a. marginal gingiva
b. attached gingiva
c. alveolar mucosa
d. interdental papilla
ANS: C
Deep within each vestibule is the vestibular fornix, where the pink labial mucosa or buccal
mucosa meets the redder alveolar mucosa at the mucobuccal fold. The gingival tissue that
tightly adheres to the alveolar process surrounding the roots of the teeth is the attached
gingiva. At the gingival margin of each tooth is the marginal gingiva, which forms a cuff
above the neck of the tooth. The interdental gingiva is the gingival tissue between adjacent
teeth adjoining attached gingiva, with each individual extension being an interdental papilla.
REF: Chapter 2, Oral Vestibules, Page 10
18. The _____ is a white ridge of raised callused tissue that extends horizontally at the level
where the maxillary and mandibular teeth come together and occlude.
a. linea alba
b. buccal fat pad
c. parotid papilla
d. labial frenum
ANS: A
The linea alba is a white ridge of hyperkeratinization that extends horizontally at the level
where the maxillary and mandibular teeth come together and occlude; similar ridges of white
tissue can sometimes be present on the tongue perimeter. The buccal mucosa covers a dense
pad of underlying fat tissue at the posterior part of each vestibule, the buccal fat pad. On the
inner part of the buccal mucosa, just opposite the maxillary second molar, is a small elevation
of tissue is the parotid papilla. The labial frenum (plural, frena) is a fold of tissue located at
the midline between the labial mucosa and the alveolar mucosa on the upper and lower dental
arches.
REF: Chapter 2, Clinical Considerations with Oral Mucosa Features, Page 10
19. Each body of the maxilla is superior to the teeth and contains the _____ sinuses.
a. sphenoidal
b. ethmoidal
c. frontal
d. maxillary
ANS: D
Each body of the maxilla, a facial bone, is superior to the teeth and contains the maxillary
sinus. The other sinuses listedโthe sphenoidal, ethmoidal, and frontalโare contained within
the cranial bones.
REF: Chapter 2, Jaws, Alveolar Processes, and Teeth, Page 10
20. The facial part of the alveolus of the ____, the vertically placed eminence, is especially
prominent on the maxilla.
a. premolar
b. canine
c. molar
d. incisor
ANS: B
The facial part of the alveolus of each canine, the vertically placed canine eminence, is
especially prominent on each side of the maxilla. The alveolar process, or alveolar bone, is the
bony extension for both the maxilla and mandible that contains each tooth socket of the teeth
or alveolus (plural, alveoli).
REF: Chapter 2, Jaws, Alveolar Processes, and Teeth, Page 10
21. Surrounding the teeth in the alveoli and covering the alveolar processes is the _____, which is
composed of a firm pink tissue.
a. gingiva
b. minor salivary glands
c. Fordyce spots
d. linea alba
ANS: A
Surrounding the maxillary and mandibular teeth in the alveoli and covering the alveolar
processes are the soft tissue gums, or gingiva (or more accurately, but not commonly, by the
dental community, gingivae), composed of a firm pink mucosa. Minor salivary glands are
deep within the oral mucosa throughout the oral cavity. Fordyce spots are visible as small,
yellowish elevations on the oral mucosa; they represent deeper deposits of sebum from
trapped or misplaced sebaceous gland tissue, usually associated with hair follicles. The linea
alba is a white ridge of hyperkeratinization that extends horizontally at the level where the
maxillary and mandibular teeth come together and occlude; similar ridges of white tissue can
sometimes be present on the tongue perimeter.
REF: Chapter 2, Gingival Tissue, Page 13
22. What is the midline ridge of tissue on the hard palate?
a. Incisive papilla
b. Palatine rugae
c. Median palatine raphe
d. Uvula
ANS: C
The median palatine raphe is a midline ridge of tissue on the hard palate. The incisive papilla
is a small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part of the hard palate. The palatine rugae are
firm, irregular ridges of tissue on the hard palate. A midline muscular structure, the uvula of
the palate, hangs down from the posterior margin of the soft palate.
REF: Chapter 2, Palate, Page 15
23. What are the small, elevated structures of specialized mucosa located on the dorsal surfaces of
the tongue, some of which are associated with taste buds?
a. Lingual papilla
b. Sulcus terminalis
c. Parotid papilla
d. Foramen cecum
ANS: A
The dorsal surface of the tongue has small, elevated structures of specialized mucosa, the
lingual papillae, some of which are associated with taste buds. Posteriorly on the dorsal
surface of the tongue is an inverted V-shaped groove, the sulcus terminalis. Where the sulcus
terminalis points backward toward the throat is a small, pitlike depression, the foramen
cecum. On the inner part of the buccal mucosa, just opposite the maxillary second molar, is a
small elevation of tissue is the parotid papilla.
REF: Chapter 2, Tongue, Page 15
24. What is the small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part of the hard palate?
a. Incisive papilla
b. Palatine rugae
c. Median palatine raphe
d. Uvula
ANS: A
The incisive papilla is a small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part of the hard palate. The
palatine rugae are firm, irregular ridges of tissue on the hard palate. The median palatine raphe
is a midline ridge of tissue on the hard palate. A midline muscular structure, the uvula of the
palate, hangs down from the posterior margin of the soft palate.
REF: Chapter 2, Palate, Page 15
25. Which of the following structures protects the opening of the parotid duct of its salivary
gland?
a. Labial frenum
b. Parotid papilla
c. Incisive papilla
d. Linea alba
ANS: B
On the inner part of the buccal mucosa, just opposite the maxillary second molar, is a small
elevation of tissue is the parotid papilla. The parotid papilla protects the opening of the parotid
duct of the parotid salivary gland. The labial frenum (plural, frena) is a fold of tissue located
at the midline between the labial mucosa and the alveolar mucosa on the upper and lower
dental arches. A small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part of the hard palate, lingual to the
anterior teeth, is the incisive papilla. The linea alba is a white ridge of hyperkeratinization (or
calloused tissue) that extends horizontally at the level where the maxillary and mandibular
teeth come together and occlude.
REF: Chapter 2, Oral Vestibules, Page 10
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