Test Bank For Human Biology, 16th Edition

Student name:__________ TRUE/FALSE – Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false. 1) An element cannot be broken down by chemical means. ⊚ ⊚ 2) Radiation can have both positive and negative impactonhumans. ⊚ ⊚ 3) true false A solution with a pH of 7 has 10 times as many H + as a pH of 6. ⊚ ⊚ 5) true false Water makes up 60–70% of total body weight. ⊚ ⊚ 4) true false true false The presence of a buffer in our blood helps maintain homeostasis. ⊚ ⊚ true false 6) In biology, calling something organic means that it was grown without the use of any type of herbicide. ⊚ ⊚ 7) true false NaCl is not an organic molecule. Version 1 1 ⊚ ⊚ true false 8) After lunch, our digestive system will use the process of hydrolysis to break the food down into smaller subunits. ⊚ ⊚ 9) A hydrolysis reaction involves the loss of water. ⊚ ⊚ 10) true false Our body is capable of converting starch into glycogen. ⊚ ⊚ 12) true false The main function of carbohydrates is for long-term energy storage. ⊚ ⊚ 11) true false true false Fats are usually of animal origin, while oils are usually of plant origin. ⊚ ⊚ true false 13) Fats and oils function better than other biological molecules as energy-storage molecules because of the carbon they contain. ⊚ ⊚ Version 1 true false 2 14) The primary level of protein structure is composed of amino acids in a linear sequence joined by peptide bonds. ⊚ ⊚ 15) All amino acids are alike in that their R groups are polar. ⊚ ⊚ 16) true false The function of RNA in the body is to store the genetic information in the nucleus. ⊚ ⊚ 17) true false true false ATP is called the energy currency of the body because it is a type of electricity. ⊚ ⊚ true false MULTIPLE CHOICE – Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 18) The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element is called a(n) A) B) C) D) E) 19) isotope. nucleus. atom. molecular bond. neutrino. In an electrically neutral atom,the number of protons always equals the number of Version 1 3 A) B) C) D) E) 20) How many elements occur naturally? A) B) C) D) E) 21) protons. neutrons. electrons. protons and neutrons. protons and electrons. Why is He positioned above Ne in the periodic table? A) B) C) D) E) 23) 112 92 64 32 6 The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of A) B) C) D) E) 22) electrons. neutrons. neutrons and protons. quarks. neutrinos. They both have the same atomic mass. They both have the same number of electrons in their outermost orbital. They both have a full outermost orbital. They both have the same atomic number. They both have the same number of protons in their nuclei. Be has an atomic number of 4 and an atomic mass of 9. How many protons does it have? Version 1 4 A) B) C) D) E) 24) 4 5 9 13 7 What is the symbol for sodium? A) B) C) D) E) Na S So N Dm 25) Which of the following elements will have more than two electrons and have a full outer orbital? A) B) C) D) E) 26) He Ne C N O Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of A) B) C) D) E) Version 1 protons. neutrons. electrons. both protons and electrons. neutrinos. 5 27) Carbon dating is a common method employed in dating certain kinds of fossils. It is based on the radioactive decay of an isotope of carbon (C 14). Referring to the atomic number of carbon attained from the periodic table, how many neutrons does C 14 have? A) B) C) D) E) 28) What substance is used in medicine to produce various images of organs and tissues? A) B) C) D) E) 29) a mixture a tracer an emulsion a colloid a sensor Two or more atoms joined together through the sharing of electrons are called a(n) A) B) C) D) E) 30) 2 4 8 12 14 atomic unit. molecule. compound. isotope. ion. Ca 3(PO 4) 2 represents a(n) Version 1 6 A) B) C) D) E) 31) Atoms that share electrons have what type of bonds? A) B) C) D) E) 32) element. mixture. compound. isotope. atom. covalent neutral hydrogen colloidal ionic CaCl 2 is a salt that forms as the result of what type of bond? A) B) C) D) E) covalent hydrogen polar nonpolar ionic 33) Which type of bond is responsible for holding two water molecules together, creating the properties of water? A) B) C) D) E) Version 1 hydrogen covalent ionic polar double covalent 7 34) Hydrogen bonds A) B) C) D) E) 35) result from the loss of neutrons by an atom. result in the formation of salts. involve the loss and gain of electrons. involve the sharing of electrons. are relatively weak and can be broken rather easily. The reason water is polar is because A) B) C) D) E) in polar molecules atoms share electrons evenly. the electrons spend more time circling the oxygen atom than the hydrogens. hydrophilic molecules interact with water. hydrophobic molecules do not interact with water. there is a transfer of electrons from the hydrogen to the oxygen. 36) Which of the following characteristics of water is most responsible for the sinking of the Titanic? A) B) C) D) E) Water is liquid at room temperature. Water has a high heat of vaporization. The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly. Frozen water is less dense than liquid water. Water molecules are cohesive. 37) On a warm day in April, Tina jumped into the swimming pool. To her surprise, the water was really cold. Which property of water did she discover? Version 1 8 A) B) C) D) E) Water molecules are cohesive. The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly. Water possesses hydrogen bonds. Water is a polar molecule. Frozen water is less dense than liquid water. 38) William noticed water mysteriously climbing up a capillary tube. This is an example of which property of water? A) B) C) D) E) 39) In an acidic solution,the number of H + is A) B) C) D) E) 40) Frozen water is less dense than liquid water. The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly. Water molecules are cohesive. Water has a high heat of vaporization. Water is a solvent. less than the number of OH -. greater than the number of OH -. equal to the number of OH -. 3 times less than the number of OH -. 10 times less than the number of OH -. A solution containing 0.00001 moles of H + has a pH of A) B) C) D) E) Version 1 3. 5. 7. 9. 11. 9 41) Joining small molecules (monomers) together to form longer chains (polymers) requires a process called A) B) C) D) E) 42) Which of the following is one of the four classes of organic molecules found in cells? A) B) C) D) E) 43) vitamins lipids nutrients minerals nuclei Which grouping of elements is found in carbohydrates? A) B) C) D) E) 44) a hydrolysis reaction. a dehydration reaction. monomerization. emulsification. disassembly. C-H-O C-H-P H – O – Cl N-S-O Ca – H – O Sugars with three to seven carbon atoms are called A) B) C) D) E) Version 1 monosaccharides. disaccharides. trisaccharides. polysaccharides. steroids. 10 45) A potato stores a reserve of energy in its underground tuber in the form of A) B) C) D) E) 46) Which of the following is a monosaccharide? A) B) C) D) E) 47) glucose sucrose lactose maltose None of these is a monosaccharide. Which polysaccharide is stored as an energy source in the body of animals? A) B) C) D) E) 48) glycogen. fat. protein. vitamins. starch. glycogen glucose cellulose starch chitin What passes through the digestive tract as fiber or roughage? A) B) C) D) E) Version 1 maltose glucose glycogen starch cellulose 11 49) Which of the following foods would be a good source of fiber? A) B) C) D) E) 50) Which polysaccharide is branched the most? A) B) C) D) E) 51) cellulose starch glycogen glucose fructose Which polysaccharide is consumed as a source of fiber? A) B) C) D) E) 52) peaches whole-wheat bread peanuts bran cereal All of the answer choices are good sources of fiber. cellulose glycogen glucose chitin starch Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are alike in that they A) B) C) D) E) Version 1 are all made of glucose. contain the same number of side chains. have the same types of bonds between the monomer units. are all found in animals. can all be digested by our bodies. 12 53) A fat contains how many fatty acids? A) B) C) D) E) 54) How are fats, phospholipids, and steroids alike? A) B) C) D) E) 55) They are all solid at room temperature. They each contain a polar phosphate group. They each contain only one fatty acid. They do not dissolve in water. They all contain at least one carbon ring. A fatty acid that contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms is considered A) B) C) D) E) 56) 1 2 3 4 5 saturated. unsaturated. trans unsaturated. a cholesterol. a steroid. The sex hormones belong to which category of lipids? A) B) C) D) E) Version 1 steroids fats oils triglycerides phospholipids 13 57) The membranes of cells are composed primarily of A) B) C) D) E) 58) The monomer unit of a proteinis A) B) C) D) E) 59) fatty acids. amino acids. monosaccharides. polysaccharides. nucleic acids. What makes each amino acid unique? A) B) C) D) E) 60) phospholipids. fats. oils. steroids. triglycerides. the central carbon the R group the amino group the carboxyl group the carbon ring Which of the following is a function of proteins? A) B) C) D) E) Version 1 quick energy genetic material main component of the cell membrane enzymes digest cell waste 14 61) Why does a protein not function after it has been denatured? A) The normal bonding between the R groups has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape. B) The normal bonding between the beta sheets has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape. C) The normal bonding between the hydrogens in the alpha helix has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape. D) The R groups form additional bonds, causing the structure to become more compact. E) The normal peptide bonds are ruptured and the individual amino acids are not held together anymore. 62) An alpha helix or a beta sheet are examples of what level of protein structure? A) B) C) D) E) secondary primary tertiary quaternary octagon 63) Which level of protein structure is characterized by alpha helices and beta pleated sheets in which hydrogen bonding holds the shape in place? A) B) C) D) E) 64) primary structure secondary structure tertiary structure quaternary structure pentagonal structure When two amino acids combine via a dehydration reaction Version 1 15 A) B) C) D) E) 65) The sides of the DNA ladder (backbone) are A) B) C) D) E) 66) A phosphate bond is added. A phosphate bond is broken. Oxygen is removed. Oxygen is added. An adenine is added. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in DNA? A) B) C) D) E) 68) alternating carbons and nitrogens. the R groups. the nitrogenous bases. alternating nitrogens and phosphates. sugars and phosphates. When an ATP molecule is used to supply energy, which of the following occurs? A) B) C) D) E) 67) a peptide bond is formed. the R groups are lost. water is added to begin the reaction. the carboxyl group of each jointogether. the amino group of each join together. cytosine phosphorous uracil guanasine ribonucleic acid Which of the following is a feature ofa nucleotide? Version 1 16 A) B) C) D) E) potassium nitrogenous base six-ring sugar an R group a fatty acid 69) A species has 29% of its DNA composed of the nucleotide containing guanine (G). What percent does the nitrogen base thymine (T) equal? A) B) C) D) E) 70) 58% 42% 21% 67% 29% ATP carries energy in the form of high-energy A) B) C) D) E) carbohydrate bonds. peptide bonds. lipid bonds. phosphate bonds. hydrogen bonds. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 71) List the functions of proteins. 72) List the properties of water. Version 1 17 73) Describe the structure and function of the DNA molecule. Version 1 18 Answer Key Test name: chapter 2 1) TRUE 2) TRUE 3) TRUE 4) FALSE 5) TRUE 6) FALSE 7) TRUE 8) TRUE 9) FALSE 10) FALSE 11) TRUE 12) TRUE 13) FALSE 14) TRUE 15) FALSE 16) FALSE 17) FALSE 18) C 19) A 20) B 21) A 22) C 23) A 24) A 25) B 26) B Version 1 19 27) C 28) B 29) B 30) C 31) A 32) E 33) A 34) E 35) B 36) D 37) B 38) C 39) B 40) B 41) B 42) B 43) A 44) A 45) E 46) A 47) A 48) E 49) E 50) C 51) A 52) A 53) C 54) D 55) A 56) A Version 1 20 57) A 58) B 59) B 60) D 61) A 62) A 63) B 64) A 65) E 66) B 67) A 68) B 69) C 70) D 71) Functions of proteins include:
1. support
2. enzymes that bring reactants together in chemical reactions
3. transport of substance through the cell membrane and within the cell
4. defense of the body from foreign substances
5. hormones that serve as intercellular messengers
6. motion of the body 72) 1. Water has a high heat capacity.
2. Water has a high heat of evaporation.
3. Water is a solvent.
4. Water molecules are cohesive and adhesive.
5. Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.
73) DNA is composed of a phosphate group, nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon (pentose) sugar. The nitrogen-containing base can have one of four bases associated with it (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine). Functions of DNA include: stores information about how to copy or replicate itself and specifies the order in which amino acids are joined to make a protein. Version 1 21