Test Bank for Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 6th Edition

Chapter 2 (MC): Some Basic Chemistry MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which element is NOT paired with its correct symbol? a. carbon – C c. nitrogen – N b. potassium – P d. cobalt – Co ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1 2. Which element is NOT paired with its correct symbol? a. sodium – S c. magnesium – Mg b. oxygen – O d. chlorine – Cl ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1 3. Which element is NOT paired with its correct symbol? a. hydrogen – H c. calcium – Ca b. sulfur – S d. iron – I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1 4. For sodium, sulfur, zinc, and chlorine, the correct chemical symbols, in order, are: a. S, Su, Z, Cl c. No, Su, Z, C b. Na, S, Zn, Cl d. Na, S, Z, Cl ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1 5. For iron, iodine, potassium, and phosphorus, the correct chemical symbols, in order, are: a. I, Io, P, Ph c. I, Io, K, P b. Fe, I, P, Ph d. Fe, I, K, P ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1 6. For cobalt, copper, calcium, and carbon, the correct chemical symbols, in order, are: a. Cb, Co, Ca, C c. Cb, Cu, Cm, C b. Co, Cp, Ca, Cr d. Co, Cu, Ca, C ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1 7. An ionic bond is formed when: a. an atom of sodium loses an electron to another atom of sodium b. an atom of sodium shares two electrons with two atoms of chlorine c. an atom of sodium gains an electron from an atom of chlorine d. an atom of sodium loses an electron to an atom of chlorine ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2 8. Which statement is NOT true of ions? a. An ion has either a positive or negative charge. b. Atoms become ions by gaining or losing protons. c. Ions with unlike charges are attracted to one another and form ionic bonds. d. An atom that loses an electron will have a charge of +1. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2 9. An atom that has gained an electron is now called: a. an ion that is neutral c. an ion with a charge of –1 b. an ion with a charge of +1 d. an atom with a charge of +1 ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2 10. A cation has a: a. positive charge b. negative charge c. neutral charge d. none of these, because the charge may vary ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2 11. An anion has a: a. positive charge b. negative charge c. neutral charge d. none of these, because the charge may vary ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2 12. A cation has a: a. positive charge, and an example is a chloride ion b. negative charge, and an example is a potassium ion c. positive charge, and an example is a calcium ion d. negative charge, and an example is an iron ion ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2 13. An anion has a: a. positive charge, and an example is a hydrogen ion b. negative charge, and an example is a bicarbonate ion c. positive charge, and an example is a chloride ion d. negative charge, and an example is a sodium ion ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2 14. Which statement is NOT true of ionic bonds? a. They form salts. c. In water, many ionic bonds weaken. b. In the solid state they are very strong. d. They involve the sharing of electrons. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2 15. The term dissociation refers to: a. ionic bonds b. the breaking of bonds in a water solution c. both A and B d. both A and B, and covalent bonds ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2 16. A synonym for dissociation is: a. decomposition b. ionization ANS: B PTS: 1 c. synthesis d. reformulation REF: Rev Ques 2 17. Dissociation of salts is important to: a. free ions to take part in other reactions b. produce energy c. keep salt molecules stable in water d. keep salt molecules stable as solids ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2 18. Ionization of salts such as sodium chloride takes place: a. when the temperature rises c. in the solid state b. when the temperature falls d. in water ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2 19. A covalent bond is formed when: a. two or more atoms share electrons b. two atoms form ions and are attracted to each other c. one atom loses two electrons that are gained by another atom d. a carbon atom loses all of its electrons to other atoms ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3 20. A bond in which electrons are shared between atoms is: a. ionic c. covalent b. reciprocal d. di-electron ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3 21. An atom of carbon has ___ electrons to share to form ___ bonds. a. 2/ionic c. 2/covalent b. 4/covalent d. 4/ionic ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3 22. Which statement is NOT true of covalent bonds? a. These bonds are not weakened when in water. b. A molecule of water is formed by covalent bonds. c. These bonds involve the sharing of electrons. d. The atoms of most inorganic molecules are bonded by covalent bonds. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3 23. The bonds that help maintain the three-dimensional shape of proteins and nucleic acids are: a. covalent bonds c. ionic bonds b. hydrogen bonds d. water bonds ANS: B PTS: 1 24. The bonds that make water cohesive are: a. disulfide bonds b. hydrogen bonds ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3 c. ionic bonds d. water bonds REF: Rev Ques 3 25. The bonds that hold the two chains of an insulin molecule together are: a. disulfide bonds c. ionic bonds b. peptide bonds d. protein bonds ANS: A PTS: 1 26. Disulfide bonds may be part of: a. some starches b. some proteins ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3 c. DNA and RNA d. true fats REF: Rev Ques 3 27. Large molecules of glycogen are made of the smaller subunits called: a. glucose c. amino acids b. fatty acids and glycerol d. nucleotides ANS: A PTS: 1 28. Glucose molecules are the subunits of: a. starch b. glycogen ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4 c. both A and B d. both A and B, and cellulose REF: Rev Ques 4 29. Glycogen and starch are ___ that are made of ___. a. disaccharides/sucrose c. disaccharides/glucose b. polysaccharides/glucose d. polysaccharides/sucrose ANS: B PTS: 1 30. Glucose is a molecule that is a: a. hexose sugar b. monosaccharide ANS: C PTS: 1 31. Glucose is a molecule that is a: a. double sugar b. hexose sugar ANS: B PTS: 1 32. The chemical formula for glucose is: a. C12H6O12 b. C12H6O6 REF: Rev Ques 4 c. both A and B d. both A and B, and inorganic REF: Rev Ques 4 c. pentose sugar d. triple sugar REF: Rev Ques 4 c. C6H6O6 d. C6H12O6 ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4 33. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are: a. hexose sugars b. monosaccharides c. both A and B d. both A and B, and all have the same chemical formula ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4 34. Large molecules of true fats are made of the smaller subunits called: a. fatty acids and glucose c. amino acids b. fatty acids and glycerol d. nucleotides ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4 35. Fatty acids and glycerol are the subunits of: a. phospholipids c. both A and B b. true fats d. both A and B, and cholesterol ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4 36. Large molecules of protein are made of the smaller subunits called: a. glucose c. amino acids b. fatty acids and glycerol d. nucleotides ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4 37. Which statement is NOT true of amino acids? a. They all contain the elements C, H, O, and N. b. They are the subunits of proteins. c. A chain of amino acids is linked by ionic bonds. d. There are about 20 different amino acids in human proteins. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4 38. Large molecules of DNA and RNA are made of the smaller subunits called: a. glucose c. amino acids b. fatty acids and glycerol d. nucleotides ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4 39. Which statement is NOT true of the subunits of organic molecules? a. Glycogen is made of glucose. b. Glycerol is found in true fats and in diglycerides. c. DNA subunits are called deoxyprecursors. d. The subunits of enzymes are amino acids. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4 40. Which statement is NOT true of saturated fats? a. Most are plant oils. b. They have the maximum number of hydrogens. c. They have single bonds between carbons. d. They have been implicated in heart disease. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4 41. Which statement is NOT true of unsaturated fats? a. They have one or more double bonds between carbons. b. They have the maximum number of hydrogens. c. Most are plant oils. d. They are made of fatty acids and glycerol. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4 42. The fluid found within lymph vessels is called: a. lymph c. intracellular fluid b. plasma d. tissue fluid ANS: A PTS: 1 43. Lymph is a fluid that is found: a. in lymph vessels b. in tissue spaces ANS: A PTS: 1 44. The fluid found within veins is called: a. lymph b. plasma ANS: B PTS: 1 45. Plasma is a fluid that is found: a. in veins b. in arteries ANS: D PTS: 1 46. The fluid found within cells is called: a. intercellular fluid b. plasma ANS: C PTS: 1 47. Intracellular fluid is found: a. within cells b. between cells ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 5 c. both A and B d. both A and B, and between cells REF: Rev Ques 5 c. intracellular fluid d. tissue fluid REF: Rev Ques 5 c. both A and B d. both A and B, and in capillaries REF: Rev Ques 5 c. intracellular fluid d. extracellular fluid REF: Rev Ques 5 c. both A and B d. both A and B, and in tissue spaces REF: Rev Ques 5 48. The fluid found in spaces between cells is called: a. lymph c. intracellular fluid b. plasma d. tissue fluid ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 5 49. The fluid found in spaces between cells is called: a. tissue fluid c. both A and B b. intercellular fluid d. both A and B, and lymph ANS: C PTS: 1 50. Intercellular fluid is found: a. within cells b. between cells ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 5 c. both A and B d. both A and B, and around cells REF: Rev Ques 5 51. The fact that water changes temperature slowly is important for: a. digestion of food b. pumping of the heart c. keeping a fairly constant body temperature d. nerve impulse transmission ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6 52. Water can absorb a great deal of heat, and this is important for: a. sweating to lose excess body heat c. nerve impulse transmission b. digestion of very large meals d. production of RBCs ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6 53. The process of sweating depends upon water as a: a. solvent c. transporter b. lubricant d. heat absorber ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6 54. The sense of taste depends upon water as a: a. solvent c. transporter b. lubricant d. heat absorber ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7 55. The excretion of waste products in urine depends upon water as a: a. solvent c. cushion b. lubricant d. heat absorber ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7 56. Which of these is NOT an example of the importance of water as a solvent? a. the senses of smell and taste c. transport of nutrients in the blood b. synovial fluid in joints d. excretion of waste products in urine ANS: B PTS: 1 57. Swallowing depends upon water as a: a. solvent b. lubricant REF: Rev Ques 7 c. cushion d. heat absorber ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7 58. Which of these is an example of the lubricant function of water? a. the senses of smell and taste c. transport of nutrients in the blood b. synovial fluid in joints d. excretion of waste products in urine ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7 59. The storage form for glucose in the liver is: a. glycogen c. pentose sugars b. true fats d. oligosaccharides ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 60. The storage form for energy in adipose tissue is: a. glycogen c. pentose sugars b. true fats d. oligosaccharides ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 61. The carbohydrates that are part of DNA and RNA are: a. glucose c. pentose sugars b. starch d. oligosaccharides ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 62. The pentose sugars are part of: a. starches b. DNA and RNA ANS: B PTS: 1 c. specialized enzymes d. cell membranes REF: Rev Ques 8 63. The self antigens on cell membranes are: a. starch b. pentose sugars ANS: D PTS: 1 c. glucose d. oligosaccharides REF: Rev Ques 8 64. The oligosaccharides are attached to: a. DNA and RNA as part of the genetic code b. certain enzymes as part of the active site c. structural proteins to provide stability d. cell membranes as self antigens ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 65. The disaccharides are sugars that: a. will be digested and used for energy, such as sucrose b. will become part of DNA and RNA c. will be digested for energy, such as fructose d. are part of specialized enzymes ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 66. Which of these is NOT a disaccharide? a. sucrose b. galactose ANS: B PTS: 1 c. maltose d. lactose REF: Rev Ques 8 67. Disaccharides in the diet are digested and used for: a. energy c. proteins b. amino acids d. cell membranes ANS: A PTS: 1 68. Sucrose and lactose are: a. monosaccharides b. disaccharides ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 c. oligosaccharides d. polysaccharides REF: Rev Ques 8 69. The precursor molecule for steroid hormones is: a. cholesterol c. phospholipids b. cellulose d. enzymes ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 70. Cholesterol is important for the: a. synthesis of steroid hormones b. production of vitamin D c. both A and B d. both A and B, and as part of cell membranes ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 71. Vitamin D may be synthesized in the body from: a. amino acids c. cholesterol b. phospholipids d. disaccharides ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 72. The undigested part of food that promotes peristalsis is: a. cholesterol c. true fats b. cellulose d. proteins ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 73. For people, the function of cellulose is to promote: a. energy production between meals c. loss of heat in hot weather b. peristalsis d. retention of heat in cold weather ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 74. The genetic material (genetic code) within cells is: a. enzymes c. DNA b. RNA d. phospholipids ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 75. The function of DNA is to: a. be the genetic code within cells b. serve as the site of protein synthesis c. both A and B d. both A and B, and form chromosomes ANS: A PTS: 1 76. The function of RNA is: a. protein synthesis b. cell respiration ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 c. to help synthesize DNA d. to help synthesize ATP REF: Rev Ques 8 77. RNA is different from DNA in that: a. RNA is a single strand of amino acids b. RNA has the base uracil where DNA has thymine c. both A and B d. neither A nor B ANS: B PTS: 1 78. The catalysts of cellular reactions are: a. phospholipids b. nucleic acids ANS: D PTS: 1 79. Within the body, proteins may be: a. enzymes b. hormones ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 c. hexose sugars d. enzymes REF: Rev Ques 8 c. structural components of tissues d. all of these REF: Rev Ques 8 80. Which organic molecule is NOT part of cell membranes? a. glucose c. phospholipid b. protein d. cholesterol ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 81. Which of the following are energy-storage molecules? a. glucose and proteins c. proteins and glycogen b. glycogen and true fats d. true fats and amino acids ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 82. Which statement is NOT true of organic molecules? a. DNA is the genetic code in chromosomes. b. Hormones may be steroids or proteins. c. Phospholipids are part of cell membranes. d. Oligosaccharides are energy-storage molecules. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 83. Which statement is NOT true of organic molecules? a. RNA is important for protein synthesis. b. Cholesterol is part of cell membranes. c. Glucose is the most important pentose sugar. d. All enzymes are proteins. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8 84. The raw materials, or reactants, of cell respiration are: a. glucose and oxygen c. oxygen and carbon dioxide b. water and glucose d. carbon dioxide and glucose ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 9 85. Which of these is NOT a product of cell respiration? a. water c. ATP b. carbon dioxide d. oxygen ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 9 86. The purpose of cell respiration is to produce: a. ATP from water c. carbon dioxide from ATP b. ATP from glucose d. water from ATP ANS: B PTS: 1 87. The waste product of cell respiration is: a. carbon dioxide b. water ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 9 c. ATP d. heat REF: Rev Ques 10 88. Biologically useful energy is released in cell respiration in the form of: a. light c. ATP b. heat d. movement ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 10 89. Cell respiration enables our cells to release the potential energy found in molecules of: a. water c. oxygen b. glucose d. minerals ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 10 90. In cell respiration, the breakdown of glucose to form ATP must take place in the presence of: a. carbon dioxide c. hydrogen b. water d. oxygen ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 10 91. If too much carbon dioxide accumulates in cells and tissues: a. the pH will decrease b. cell membranes will rupture ANS: A PTS: 1 c. the pH will increase d. cell membranes will shrivel REF: Rev Ques 10 92. Which statement is NOT true of cell respiration? a. It is the link between eating and breathing. b. The water produced must be excreted or the cell will burst. c. One of the energy products is heat. d. ATP is biologically useful energy. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 10 93. The element that carries oxygen in red blood cells is: a. iron c. iodine b. calcium d. cobalt ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 94. The element that provides strength in bones and teeth is: a. iron c. zinc b. calcium d. iodine ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 95. Two elements that provide strength in bones and teeth are: a. iron and calcium c. sodium and phosphorus b. calcium and potassium d. calcium and phosphorus ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 96. The element that is part of the hormone thyroxine is: a. calcium c. iodine b. cobalt d. sodium ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 97. The element iodine is an essential part of the hormone: a. insulin c. estrogen b. thyroxine d. growth hormone ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 98. The element that is part of vitamin B12 is: a. sodium b. copper ANS: D PTS: 1 c. calcium d. cobalt REF: Rev Ques 11 99. The element cobalt is an essential part of vitamin: a. C c. B6 b. D d. B12 ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 100. Two elements that are necessary for nerve impulse transmission are: a. sodium and potassium c. calcium and phosphorus b. iron and copper d. sulfur and cobalt ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 101. The element that is necessary for blood clotting is: a. sulfur c. copper b. calcium d. potassium ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 102. The element that is part of some amino acids and forms bonds in proteins is: a. sulfur c. copper b. calcium d. potassium ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 103. Two elements that are necessary for cell respiration are: a. sodium and potassium c. iodine and sulfur b. calcium and phosphorus d. iron and copper ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 104. All organic molecules contain the elements: a. C, H, and N c. C, O, and N b. C, H, and O d. H, O, and N ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 105. A large organic molecule made of the elements C, H, O, N, and P would most likely be a: a. nucleic acid c. protein b. polysaccharide d. true fat ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 106. A large organic molecule made of the elements C, H, O, N, and S would most likely be a: a. nucleic acid c. protein b. polysaccharide d. true fat ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 107. Which statement is NOT true of the elements in the human body? a. Iron is part of hemoglobin. b. The hormone thyroxine contains copper. c. Sodium is needed for nerve-impulse transmission. d. Phosphorus is part of bones and teeth. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 108. Which statement is NOT true of the elements in the human body? a. Calcium is necessary for blood clotting. b. Potassium is needed for nerve-impulse transmission. c. Sulfur is part of some carbohydrates. d. Vitamin B12 contains cobalt. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11 109. A solution that has more hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions is: a. a base c. neutral b. an acid d. none of these ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 12 110. An acid solution has: a. more hydroxyl ions than hydrogen ions b. more hydroxyl ions than water ions c. more hydrogen ions than water ions d. more hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 12 111. A solution that has more hydroxyl ions than hydrogen ions is: a. neutral c. an acid b. a base d. none of these ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 12 112. An alkaline (basic) solution has: a. more hydroxyl ions than hydrogen ions b. more hydroxyl ions than water ions c. more hydrogen ions than water ions d. more hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 12 113. A solution that has equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions is: a. neutral c. an acid b. a base d. none of these ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 12 114. On the pH scale, acids are indicated by numbers: a. above 10 c. above 7 b. below 10 d. below 7 ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 12 115. On the pH scale, bases are indicated by numbers: a. below 4 c. above 4 b. below 7 d. above 7 ANS: D PTS: 1 116. A solution with a pH of 7.5 would be: a. slightly acidic b. strongly acidic REF: Rev Ques 12 c. slightly alkaline d. strongly alkaline ANS: C PTS: 1 117. A solution with a pH of 2.5 would be: a. slightly acidic b. strongly acidic ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 12 c. slightly alkaline d. strongly alkaline REF: Rev Ques 12 118. Which statement is NOT true of the pH scale? a. It ranges from 0 through 14. b. It is a measure of the hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in a solution. c. The more hydrogen ions present, the higher the pH. d. A pH of 7 is considered neutral. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 12 119. Which statement is NOT true of pH and human body fluids? a. Blood has a very narrow normal pH range. b. Gastric juice may have a pH of 2. c. The pH of urine may be acidic or alkaline and still be in the normal range. d. The normal pH range of intestinal secretions is acidic. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 12 120. The normal pH range of blood is ________, which is __________. a. 6.75–6.95/slightly acidic c. 7.10–7.20/slightly alkaline b. 7.35–7.45/slightly alkaline d. 6.90–7.15/neutral ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 13 121. Which pH would NOT be in the normal range for human blood? a. 7.30 b. 7.39 c. 7.40 d. All of these are within the normal range. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 13 122. A blood pH of 7.36 is: a. slightly alkaline and in the normal range b. slightly acidic and in the normal range c. slightly alkaline and too high for the normal range d. slightly acidic and too low for the normal range ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 13 123. A blood pH of 7.44 is: a. slightly alkaline and in the normal range b. slightly acidic and in the normal range c. slightly alkaline and too high for the normal range d. slightly acidic and too low for the normal range ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 13 ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15 132. The active site of an enzyme: a. is the part where the substrate molecules fit b. has a particular and specific shape c. both A and B d. both A and B, and it changes when other reactions are needed ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15 133. Which statement is NOT true of the active site theory of enzyme functioning? a. An enzyme may catalyze many different kinds of reactions. b. It depends on the shapes of the enzyme and the substrate molecules. c. An enzyme remains unchanged when the reaction is complete. d. An enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15 134. The purpose of enzyme catalysts is to: a. slow down reactions b. transmit electrical nerve impulses c. speed up reactions by adding heat d. speed up reactions without the addition of heat ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15 135. Heat may disrupt the functioning of an enzyme because: a. human enzymes function only at 98.6°F b. heat can break peptide bonds c. water molecules are attracted to the enzyme, and denature it d. heat can break hydrogen bonds and denature the enzyme ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15 136. A heavy-metal ion may disrupt the functioning of an enzyme because: a. substrates bond to the metal ion b. a metal ion may change the shape of the active site c. metal ions raise the pH of cellular fluid d. metal ions displace enzymes in intracellular fluid ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15 137. A decrease in pH may disrupt the functioning of an enzyme because: a. the enzyme must help out the bicarbonate buffer system b. the active site becomes clogged with excess water c. the substrate fits into the active site but cannot get out d. excess hydrogen ions may block the active site ANS: D PTS: 1 138. A synthesis reaction involves: a. the formation of bonds b. the breaking of bonds REF: Rev Ques 15 c. the release of energy d. the creation of smaller molecules ANS: A PTS: 1 139. A decomposition reaction involves: a. the creation of large molecules b. the formation of bonds ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16 c. the need for energy to create bonds d. the breaking of bonds REF: Rev Ques 16 140. A reaction in which the bonds of a large molecule are broken is called a: a. synthesis reaction c. decomposition reaction b. catalytic reaction d. debonding reaction ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16 141. A reaction in which smaller molecules are bonded to form larger ones is called a: a. composition reaction c. thesis reaction b. synthesis reaction d. decomposition reaction ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16 142. The type of reaction more likely to release energy is a: a. decomposition reaction c. synthesis reaction b. composition reaction d. thesis reaction ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16 143. With respect to the glucose molecule involved, cell respiration is a(n): a. synthesis reaction c. thesis reaction b. decomposition reaction d. antithesis reaction ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16