Test Bank For Cultural Landscape, The: An Introduction to Human Geography, 13th Edition

The Cultural Landscape, 12e, Global Edition (Rubenstein) Chapter 2 Population and Health 1) Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the study of population geography is especially important? A) More people are alive at this time than at any other time in history. B) The world’s population has increased at a faster rate during the second half of the twentieth century than ever before in history. C) Overpopulation is a threat in every country on the planet. D) Virtually all global population growth is concentrated in developing countries. E) The rate of growth has slowed in the twenty-first century but is still high by historical standards. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.1: Introducing Population and Health Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.1: Understand the distribution of the world’s peoples Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 2) Geographers might characterize a country as overpopulated when A) there are too many people according to a standard economic measure of poverty. B) the population numbers less than one million, but there is concern that the country’s natural resources are adequate for only half that number. C) the population numbers more than 100 million and while there is concern about the finite limits of natural resources, they have been adequate historically. D) the population numbers more than one million, and there is an average distribution of population to resources. E) the population numbers more than 100 million and migration contributes 1 million annually. Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Introducing Population and Health Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1: Understand the distribution of the world’s peoples Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 1 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 3) By analyzing the cartogram above, which country has the highest population? A) India B) China C) Japan D) Indonesia E) Thailand Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Introducing Population and Health Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1: Understand the distribution of the world’s peoples Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 2 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 4) By analyzing the cartogram above, the countries depicted as smaller, or more limited in size, represent countries with A) higher levels of wealth and higher populations. B) lower levels of wealth and higher populations. C) lower populations. D) lower populations and lesser land areas. E) lower technical proficiency in cartography and geospatial reasoning. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.1: Introducing Population and Health Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.1: Understand the distribution of the world’s peoples Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 3 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5) By analyzing the map above, which equatorial nation-state is the most populous? A) Uganda B) Indonesia C) Ecuador D) Mexico E) India Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.2: Population Concentrations Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.2: Understand why some regions have clustered populations Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 4 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 6) The largest population concentration in Southeast Asia is A) China and Japan. B) the island of Sri Lanka. C) the rivers and delta region. D) the Island of Java. E) the Islands of the Philippines. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: Population Concentrations Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2: Understand why some regions have clustered populations Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 5 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 7) By examining the map above, which of the following is NOT true about the world’s population concentrations? A) The highest European population concentrations exist around major rivers and natural resources as well as major urban centers. B) China’s population is evenly distributed across its land area. C) South Asia’s population is heavily concentrated around key rivers such as the Indus and Ganges. D) Australia’s concentrations are largely coastal. E) Sparse population concentrations may be found north of 60 degrees latitude. Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.2: Population Concentrations Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.2: Understand why some regions have clustered populations Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 6 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 8) The Earth area of permanent human settlement is called the A) hot zone. B) civilized world. C) geophenom. D) ecumene. E) subpolar region. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: Population Concentrations Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.3: Understand why some regions have sparse populations Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 9) Relatively few people live at ________, but there are significant exceptions, especially in low latitudes. A) low elevations B) sea-level C) high elevations D) or near coastlines E) the poles Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.2: Population Concentrations Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.3: Understand why some regions have sparse populations Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 10) Which of the following is NOT a physical environment where human beings are likely to avoid clustering? A) hot lands B) dry lands C) high lands D) cold lands E) wet lands Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.2: Population Concentrations Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.3: Understand why some regions have sparse populations Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 7 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 11) Which of the following is the correct characterization of population density? A) Arithmetic density is the best ratio to use when describing the “why” of population density. B) Physiologic density is the best ratio to use to describe human health. C) Agricultural density ratios are the best representation of productive agriculture yields. D) A comparison of physiologic densities and arithmetic densities helps geographers understand the capacity of land to yield food for the total population. E) Arithmetic densities provide insight into relationships between resources and population centers in a particular region. Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 2.3: Population Density Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.4: Define arithmetic density; 2.5: Define physiological density Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 12) Arithmetic density is A) the total amount of land in a country. B) the amount of land available for farming. C) the amount of land available for people to build houses on. D) the total number of people in a country. E) the total number of objects in an area. Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Population Density Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4: Define arithmetic density Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 8 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 13) We can calculate that a country would lower its arithmetic density by A) increasing the amount of agricultural land. B) limiting the number of farmers. C) increasing the areas of its urban centers. D) limiting the size of its population. E) increasing the size of its population. Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 2.3: Population Density Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.4: Define arithmetic density Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 14) India and the United Kingdom have approximately the same arithmetic density although their landscapes and sizes are quite different. From this we can conclude that the two countries have roughly the same A) level of output per farmer. B) number of people per area of land. C) pressure placed by people on the land to produce food. D) number of farmers per area of land. E) number of people per area of arable land. Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.3: Population Density Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.4: Define arithmetic density Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 9 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 15) Physiological density is the number of A) acres of farmland per the total area of a country. B) farmers per area of farmland. C) people per area of flat land. D) people per area suitable for agriculture. E) farm animals per area suitable for agriculture. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Population Density Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.5: Define physiological density Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 16) Land suited for agriculture is called A) ecumene land. B) biome land. C) physiological land. D) arid land. E) arable land. Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Population Density Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.5: Define physiological density Nat’l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 17) An increase in a country’s physiological density would suggest a(n) A) increase in the amount of agricultural land. B) limit to the number of farmers. C) increase in the amount of irrigated land. D) increase in the size of its population. E) limit to the number of farm animals. Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 2.3: Population Density Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.5: Define physiological density Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 10 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 18) If the physiological density in a given country is very high and its arithmetic density is very low, then a country has A) inefficient farmers or farmers that are out of work. B) a large number of farmers, although the number of farmers is not as great as the number of people living in the cities. C) a small percentage of land suitable for agriculture, even if there seems to be plenty of space available to live in. D) too many people for the available resources, particularly in regards to agricultural land. E) too few farmers for the large area of land suitable for agriculture. Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 2.3: Population Density Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.5: Define physiological density Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 19) Agricultural density is the number of A) farm animals per area suitable for agriculture. B) farmers per area of arable land. C) farms per total area of land in a country. D) people per area of arable land E) acres of farmland per the total area of a country. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Population Density Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.6: Define agricultural density Nat’l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 20) An increase in a country’s agricultural density would suggest a(n) A) decrease in the amount of agricultural land. B) decrease in the number of farmers. C) increase in the areas of its urban centers. D) increase in the size of its population. E) decrease in the number of farm animals. Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.3: Population Density Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.6: Define agricultural density Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 11 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 21) A country with a large amount of arable land and a small number of farmers will have a A) high physiological density. B) low physiological density. C) high agricultural density. D) low agricultural density. E) low arithmetic density. Answer: D Diff: 3 Section: 2.3: Population Density Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.6: Define agricultural density Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 22) The percentage by which a population grows in years is called the A) doubling time. B) crude birth rate. C) natural increase rate. D) total fertility rate. E) life expectancy. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Natural Increase Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.7: Understand historical rates of natural increase Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 23) When the world’s population reached 6 billion in 1995, it was forecast that at a steady rate of growth the population would reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. That period of 45 years is known as A) doubling time. B) doubling life expectancy. C) double increase rate. D) double overpopulation. E) double demographic transition. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Natural Increase Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.7: Understand historical rates of natural increase Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 12 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 24) By examining the above figure, population increased rapidly A) beginning in the seventeenth century. B) beginning in the eighteenth century. C) beginning in the nineteenth century. D) between 6000 and 3000 BCE, when the population doubled quickly. E) Population doubling time is impossible to measure between 1950-2015. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Natural Increase Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.7: Understand historical rates of natural increase Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 13 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 25) The world’s annual ________ is currently approximately 1.2 percent, at which rate the world’s population is projected to double in about 54 years. A) natural increase rate (NIR) B) life expectancy rate (LER) C) crude birth rate (CBR) D) life increase rate (LIR) E) natural expectancy rate (NER) Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Natural Increase Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.8: Understand recent rates of natural increase Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 26) By analyzing the map above, you could conclude that life expectancy is lowest on average in A) Africa. B) East Asia. C) North America. D) Europe. E) Southeast Asia. Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.4: Natural Increase Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.8: Understand recent rates of natural increase Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 14 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 27) By analyzing the map above, which East Asian nation-state has the highest life expectancy? A) China B) Mongolia C) Taiwan D) North Korea E) Japan Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 2.4: Natural Increase Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.8: Understand recent rates of natural increase Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 28) Which of the following statements about regional variations in natural increase rate is TRUE? A) More than 95 percent of the natural increase is clustered in more developed countries. B) Regional differences in NIRs means that most of the world’s additional people live in countries that are best able to maintain them. C) The population of Europe is increasing because of high NIRs. D) The NIR exceeds 2.0 percent in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa. E) Europe (including Russia) has had an increasing population since 1980. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Natural Increase Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.8: Understand recent rates of natural increase Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 15 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 29) The total number of live births per year per 1,000 people in a society is the A) crude birth rate. B) life data rate. C) natural increase rate. D) total fertility rate. E) new birth rate. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.5: Births and Deaths Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.9: Recognize regional variations in fertility and mortality. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 30) Approximately 500 babies were born in Country D in 2011, but 35 of them died before reaching their first birthday. These data can be used to report Country D’s A) crude death rate. B) infant mortality rate. C) early life expectancy. D) murder rate. E) terminal increase rate. Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.8: Health and Aging Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.9: Recognize regional variations in fertility and mortality. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 31) Assuming all things being equal, a decline in a country’s crude birth rate (CBR) would result in an increase in that country’s A) total fertility rate. B) life expectancy rate. C) crude death rate. D) doubling time. E) natural increase rate. Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 2.5: Births and Deaths Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.9: Recognize regional variations in fertility and mortality. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 16 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 32) The ________ provides a picture of society as a whole in a given year and the ________ seeks to predict the childbearing behavior of women A) CBR; TFR B) NIR; TFR C) CBR; NIR D) CDR; CBR E) TFR; NIR Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.5: Births and Deaths Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.9: Recognize regional variations in fertility and mortality. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 33) The average number of births women bear in their lifetimes is A) total birth rate. B) crude birth rate. C) total fertility rate. D) total increase rate. E) crude fertility rate. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.5: Births and Deaths Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.9: Recognize regional variations in fertility and mortality. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 34) Which three demographic measures most closely parallel each other in terms of global distribution? A) life expectancy, crude birth rate, crude death rate B) crude death rate, crude birth rate, total fertility rate C) natural increase rate, crude birth rate, total fertility rate D) natural increase rate, crude birth rate, crude death rate E) life expectancy, crude death rate, total fertility rate Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.5: Births and Deaths Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.9: Recognize regional variations in fertility and mortality. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 17 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 35) Which three demographic measures most closely parallel each other in terms of global distribution? A) life expectancy, crude birth rate, crude death rate B) crude death rate, crude birth rate, total fertility rate C) natural increase rate, crude birth rate, total fertility rate D) natural increase rate, crude birth rate, crude death rate E) life expectancy, crude death rate, total fertility rate Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.5: Births and Deaths Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.9: Recognize regional variations in fertility and mortality. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 36) It may sound strange to hear that the ________ is generally lower for less developed countries than for more developed countries, but the difference is correlated to the average age of each population. A) crude birth rate B) crude death rate C) infant mortality rate D) natural increase rate E) total growth rate Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.5: Births and Deaths Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.9: Recognize regional variations in fertility and mortality. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 18 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 37) We can hypothesize with some confidence that Costa Rica has a lower crude death rate than the United States because Costa Rica A) has a higher sex ratio. B) has more hospitals per person. C) has a milder climate. D) is in Stage 4 of the demographic transition. E) has a lower percentage of elderly people. Answer: E Diff: 3 Section: 2.5: Births and Deaths Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.9: Recognize regional variations in fertility and mortality. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 38) Country A has a crude birth rate of 60 and a crude death rate of 15, while Country B has a CBR of 27 and a CDR of 9. Which country has a higher natural increase rate? A) Country A B) Country B C) The NIR is the same in both countries. D) The rate depends on total population, so it can’t be computed from this information. E) The CDR has no direct correlation to the CBR, so it cannot help determine the NIR. Answer: A Diff: 3 Section: 2.5: Births and Deaths Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.9: Recognize regional variations in fertility and mortality. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 39) Among the world’s countries, the spread between the highest and lowest crude death rates is ________ the spread between the highest and lowest crude birth rates. A) greater than B) less than C) the same as D) more related to income than E) less dependent on social services than Answer: B Diff: 3 Section: 2.5: Births and Deaths Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.9: Recognize regional variations in fertility and mortality. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 19 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 40) The highest natural increase rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.6: The Demographic Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.10a: Describe the stages of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 41) The lowest crude birth rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) none of these stages Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.6: The Demographic Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.10a: Describe the stages of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 20 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 42) The highest crude death rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.6: The Demographic Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.10a: Describe the stages of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 43) Zero population growth is best represented by a A) TFR of 2.1 percent. B) doubling rate of 2.1 percent. C) CBR equal to the CDR. D) negative NIR. E) CDR greater than CBR. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.6: The Demographic Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.10a: Describe the stages of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 44) Rapidly declining crude death rates are found in which stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.6: The Demographic Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.10a: Describe the stages of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 21 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 45) A crude birth rate that is rapidly declining is typical of a country in which stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stages 2 and 3 Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.6: The Demographic Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.10a: Describe the stages of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 22 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 46) Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 15. In what stage of the demographic transition is this country? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.6: The Demographic Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.10a: Describe the stages of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 23 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 47) Stages 1 and 4 of the Demographic Transition are similar in that A) both have low growth rates. B) both have high dependency ratios. C) both have low dependency ratios. D) both have low life expectancies. E) both have low death rates. Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.6: The Demographic Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.10a: Describe the stages of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 48) Europe and North America entered stage 2 of the demographic transition as a result of A) the agricultural revolution. B) the computer revolution. C) the scientific revolution. D) the industrial revolution. E) the medical revolution. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.6: The Demographic Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.10a: Describe the stages of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 49) Africa, Asia, and Latin America entered stage 2 of the demographic transition as a result of A) the industrial revolution. B) the medical revolution. C) the scientific revolution. D) the agricultural revolution. E) the computer revolution. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.6: The Demographic Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.10a: Describe the stages of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 24 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 50) Judging by the demographic patterns of recent years, we can surmise that the principal reason for declining natural increase rates in less developed countries today is A) increasing crude birth rates. B) declining crude birth rates. C) increasing crude death rates. D) declining crude death rates. E) balanced natural increase rates. Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.6: The Demographic Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.10a: Describe the stages of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 51) The number of males per 100 females in the population is called A) dependency ratio. B) maternal mortality rate. C) sex ratio. D) male fertility rate. E) the golden ratio. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.7: Health and Gender Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.11: Understand reasons for varying sex ratios. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 52) The standard biological ratio at birth of 105 males to 100 females is NOT characteristic of which region? A) the United States B) Germany C) China D) Argentina E) the Republic of South Africa Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.7: Health and Gender Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.11: Understand reasons for varying sex ratios. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 25 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 53) The standard biological ratio at birth of 105 males to 100 females is NOT found in which two countries? A) the United States and Canada B) Nigeria and Ethiopia C) France and the United Kingdom D) India and China E) Australia and New Zealand Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.7: Health and Gender Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.11: Understand reasons for varying sex ratios. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 54) The annual number of female deaths related to pregnancy per 100,000 live births is called A) total infertility rate. B) maternal mortality rate. C) crude female death rate. D) infant mortality rate. E) maternal death ratio. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.7: Health and Gender Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.11: Understand reasons for varying sex ratios. Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 26 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 55) According to the United Nations, the most common cause of maternal death in poor countries is A) obstetrical hemorrhage. B) hypertension. C) malnourishment. D) complications due to malaria. E) malpractice. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.7: Health and Gender Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.12: Understand reasons for reduced birth rates Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 56) The maternal mortality ratio is higher in ________ than in other developed countries. A) Denmark B) Germany C) Japan D) Canada E) the United States Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.7: Health and Gender Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.12: Understand reasons for reduced birth rates Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 57) The shape of a country’s population pyramid A) may be used to predict maternal mortality rates. B) cannot be used to determine infant mortality rates. C) may be used to estimate the country’s dependency rate. D) cannot be used to estimate the country’s sex ratio. E) is determined primarily by the combination of its crude birth rate and its crude growth rate. Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.8: Health and Aging Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.13: Understand the impact of the demographic transition on the percentages of young and old Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 27 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 58) The population pyramid of a city in southern Florida, Arizona, or even northern Japan may have a visual appearance of ________ because the city’s population is dominated by elderly people. A) being “upside down” B) having a wide base C) having perfectly vertical sides D) being an “age-sex ratio” E) being “rightside-up” Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.8: Health and Aging Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.13: Understand the impact of the demographic transition on the percentages of young and old Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 59) The number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years is called the A) social dependence rate. B) productive capacity ratio. C) elderly support ratio. D) infant mortality rate. E) dependency ratio. Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.8: Health and Aging Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.13: Understand the impact of the demographic transition on the percentages of young and old Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 28 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 60) Country A has approximately 100,000 children between the ages of 0 and 14, although it has a high infant mortality rate. It also has 202,000 elderly people who have retired from work, although most continue to live in multi-generational households with their children and grandchildren. Country A also has 310,000 people who can participate in the workforce. We can use these data to calculate that the A) dependency ratio is about 50 percent. B) life expectancy ratio is about 50 percent. C) population ratio is high. D) dependency ratio is about 67 percent. E) dependency ratio is about 33 percent. Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.8: Health and Aging Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.13: Understand the impact of the demographic transition on the percentages of young and old Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 61) A low infant mortality rate (IMR) suggests A) better pre- and post-natal care. B) a lower CBR. C) an elderly population. D) a government policy restricting family size. E) a rare population event. Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.8: Health and Aging Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.13: Understand the impact of the demographic transition on the percentages of young and old Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 29 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 62) A dependency ratio of 65 represents A) that only those over 65 are dependent on government services. B) that the population is a greying population. C) that more women are expected to enter the labor force. D) that for every 100 people, 65 are dependent on the current labor force. E) that for every 100 people, 35 are dependent on the current labor force. Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 2.8: Health and Aging Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.13: Understand the impact of the demographic transition on the percentages of young and old Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 63) The number of people over 65 represented as a percentage of the labor force is described as a(n) A) dependency ratio. B) elderly support ratio. C) K-12 support ratio. D) national retirement ratio. E) demographic transition. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.8: Health and Aging Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.13: Understand the impact of the demographic transition on the percentages of young and old Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 30 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 64) Leading approaches to reducing birth rates emphasize the long-term benefits of A) teaching people to become more active consumers. B) school programs that ignore contraceptive techniques and teach “abstinence only.” C) improving men’s educational attainment in conjunction with small loans to businesses owned by men in small communities. D) improving local economic conditions in conjunction with improving women’s educational attainment. E) information about sexually transmitted diseases. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.14: Family Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.12: Understand reasons for reduced birth rates Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 65) Which of the following is NOT true about global medical services? A) On average, expenditures on health care exceed 15 percent of government expenditures in Europe and North America. B) Scandinavian countries provide some of the highest levels of public assistance. C) Sub-Saharan African and Southwest Asian countries have few hospital beds per 10,000 than countries in Europe. D) Sub-Saharan African and Southeast Asian nations have the world’s lowest rates of physicians per 10,000. E) The United States public assistance is comparable to Scandinavian nations. Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 2.9: Medical Services Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.14: Understand variations in health care services between developed and developing nations Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 31 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 66) This branch of medical science is concerned with incidence, distribution and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population over a particular time. A) entomology B) etymology C) dermatology D) endocrinology E) epidemiology Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.10: The Epidemiological Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.15: Summarize the 4 stages of the epidemiological transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 67) Stage 2 of the epidemiological transition suggests A) there are no more hosts of the disease. B) the implementation of improved sanitation and nutrition programs. C) more medical practitioners per 10,000. D) the nation is in stage 4 of the demographic transition model. E) that increased global urbanization has reduced the deleterious effects of diseases. Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.10: The Epidemiological Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.15: Summarize the 4 stages of the epidemiological transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 68) This stage of the epidemiological transition describes a reduced mortality associated with infectious diseases and an increase in chronic disorders associated with aging. A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.10: The Epidemiological Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.15: Summarize the 4 stages of the epidemiological transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 32 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 69) Dr. John Snow found that cholera cases in London were A) spatially associated with certain public wells. B) being punished for their sins. C) being transmitted almost exclusively by French and Irish immigrants. D) transmitted through the air in contagious diffusion. E) spread through the main seatrading routes by infected rats. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.10: The Epidemiological Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.15: Summarize the 4 stages of the epidemiological transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 70) The stages of the epidemiologic transition are based on A) causes of death at varying stages of the demographic transition. B) the means through which disease is transmitted spatially. C) non-contagious diseases such as heart disease, obesity, or diabetes. D) new food sources which produced population explosions. E) pandemics like the bubonic plague, influenza, or AIDS. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.10: The Epidemiological Transition Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.15: Summarize the 4 stages of the epidemiological transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 71) The most lethal epidemic in recent years has been A) avian flu. B) AIDS. C) malaria. D) cholera. E) SARS. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.13: Epidemiological Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.20a: Understand reasons for a possible stage 5 of the epidemiological transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 33 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 72) In the debate concerning global resources, which is NOT a criticism of the two perspectives? A) Malthusians argue that the gap between population growth and resources is wider than Malthus predicted. B) Malthusians evoke images of unrelenting desperation in which people search for food, water and energy. C) Neomalthusians argue that social injustice perpetuates uneven access to resources. D) Neomalthusians argue that while the supply of resources is fixed, population growth will introduce more thoughtful problem solvers. E) Malthusians introduce the transfer of medical technology as causal influence on population growth. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.11: Population and Resources Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.16: Summarize arguments supporting Malthus’s argument about the relationship between population and resources; 2.17: Summarize arguments opposing Malthus’s argument about the relationship between population and resources Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 73) Thomas Malthus concluded that A) population increased arithmetically while food production increased linguistically. B) the world’s rate of population increase was higher than the development of food supplies. C) so-called “moral restraint” was producing lower crude birth rates. D) population growth was outpacing available resources in every country, according to algebraic calculations. E) crude birth rates must balance crude death rates. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.11: Population and Resources Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.16: Summarize arguments supporting Malthus’s argument about the relationship between population and resources; 2.17: Summarize arguments opposing Malthus’s argument about the relationship between population and resources Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 34 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 74) In comparing Malthus’s theory to actual world food production and population growth during the past half-century, the principal difference is that A) actual food production has been much higher than Malthus predicted. B) Malthus’s theory predicted much higher food production than has actually occurred. C) actual population growth has been much higher than Malthus predicted. D) Malthus’s theory predicted much higher population growth than has actually occurred. E) population increased geometrically while food production increased exponentially. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.11: Population and Resources Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.16: Summarize arguments supporting Malthus’s argument about the relationship between population and resources; 2.17: Summarize arguments opposing Malthus’s argument about the relationship between population and resources Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 75) Russia’s increasing CDR may be most closely associated with A) inadequate pollution controls and degenerative diseases. B) civil war. C) AIDS. D) global climate change. E) lack of arable land. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.12: Population Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.18: Understand the future of the world’s most populous countries Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 35 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 76) The two most populous countries in the world are A) China and India. B) India and Bangladesh. C) Russia and the United States. D) Indonesia and China. E) the United States and China. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.12: Population Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.18: Understand the future of the world’s most populous countries Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 77) Japan’s population decline is directly attributed to A) the legacy of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States. B) the 201l earthquake, tsunami and consequent nuclear explosion. C) a demographic shift to smaller families and more women in the workforce. D) a legacy of inadequate pollution controls. E) impoverished urban populations suffering from lack of sanitation and health care facilities. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.12: Population Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.18: Understand the future of the world’s most populous countries Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 78) Although China has the largest population in the world, what explains the country’s declining NIR? A) AIDS pandemic B) famine C) a 30-year population control policy D) high numbers of emigrants leaving China E) government provided contraceptives Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.12: Population Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.19: Understand reasons for a possible stage 5 of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 36 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 79) The most controversial national family planning program is closely associated with A) China. B) the United States. C) Zimbabwe. D) Singapore. E) India. Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.12: Population Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.19: Understand reasons for a possible stage 5 of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 80) A pronounced gender imbalance is most recognizable in A) Denmark. B) India. C) Singapore. D) Japan. E) the United States. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.12: Population Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.19: Understand reasons for a possible stage 5 of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 37 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 81) A population pyramid like Japan’s predicted 2050 pyramid represents A) the results of medical technology transfer seen in developing nations. B) a government policy to attract elderly immigrants. C) an aging population and contraction in the work force. D) a younger population decimated by the pandemic AIDS. E) recovery after the 2011 earthquake. Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.12: Population Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.19: Understand reasons for a possible stage 5 of the demographic transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 82) A possible stage five epidemiological transition is the stage of A) pestilence and famine. B) receding pandemics, including possible zombie pandemics. C) degenerative and human-created diseases. D) delayed degenerative diseases. E) reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases. Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.13: Epidemiological Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.20a: Understand reasons for a possible stage 5 of the epidemiological transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 38 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 83) Using the above figure, one can deduce that AIDS arrived at major ports of call in the United States in the 1980s through A) fruit bat migration. B) airborne pathogen transfer. C) flea infested rats. D) human travelers. E) plant fungi. Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 2.13: Epidemiological Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.20a: Understand reasons for a possible stage 5 of the epidemiological transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 39 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 84) Efforts to lower CBR through education and health care have shown statistically to result in all but which of the following? A) With the survival of more infants secure, women would be more likely to use contraceptives to limit pregnancies. B) With improved education, women would be more aware of reproductive rights and make more informed reproductive decisions. C) With greater education comes a higher skill set, thus women would have an improved opportunity to make economic decisions. D) Improvement in health care would result in reduced infant mortality rates due to poor prenatal care. E) Men would more likely take on the burden of contraception. Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.14: Family Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.21: Understand reasons for declining birth rates Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 85) Egypt’s population in 2015 was just under 87 million, its population density approximately 90 people per kilometer squared and its physiological density approximately 2,696 people per kilometer squared. Bangladesh’s population was just under 161 million, its population density approximately 1078 and its physiological density approximately 1,964 per kilometer squared. What explains these numbers? Answer: Overall territory size and amount of arable land is key in explaining the significant difference in density values in Egypt and less significant difference in Bangladesh. Even though Bangladesh is densely populated when ranked according to arable land, it has significantly more than Egypt. Diff: 3 Section: 2.3: Population Density Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.4: Define arithmetic density; 2.5: Define physiological density Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 40 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 86) According to the World Bank, the dependency ratios of the United States and Uzbekistan were around 50 in 2014. What differences in policies would you expect to see between these two countries? Answer: The United States is a demographically aging population while Uzbekistan has a much younger population. Policies directed toward aging populations such as health care for the elderly and programs for the retired would be more likely than in Uzbekistan which would consider schools and economic growth programs to employ the young population when they reach working age. Diff: 3 Section: 2.8: Health and Aging Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.13: Understand the impact of the demographic transition on the percentages of young and old Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 87) Why was India’s population control policy in the 1970s regarded as controversial? Answer: Forced sterilization camps were seen to violate human rights. Diff: 3 Section: 2.12: Population Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.18: Understand the future of the world’s most populous countries Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 88) China recently relaxed its one-child policy to encourage population growth. Why do you think this was done? Answer: China is concerned with its aging population. Without young people to work in the economy, China’s economy may not continue to grow at the same pace it has over the past 10-15 years. Diff: 3 Section: 2.12: Population Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.18: Understand the future of the world’s most populous countries Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 41 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 89) Why is TB more prevalent in lesser developed nations? Answer: Because the costs of the long and expensive treatment poses a significant economic burden. Diff: 2 Section: 2.13: Epidemiological Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.20a: Understand reasons for a possible stage 5 of the epidemiological transition Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 90) Why is the AIDS pandemic globally far reaching? Answer: It is indiscriminate, meaning that it can infect the rich or poor, the rural or the urban, men or women, adults and children. Those with funds can afford the medication which contributes to a decline in AIDS related deaths only in certain geographical areas; where medication and facilities to support AIDS victims are limited AIDS related deaths are higher. Diff: 3 Section: 2.13: Epidemiological Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.14: Understand variations in health care services between developed and developing nations Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 91) Why is poverty an exacerbating influence on the spread of infectious diseases? Answer: Often in impoverished areas unsanitary conditions exist. The poor cannot afford medications nor can they afford remediation efforts to improve the sanitation and access to clean water. Lack of funds make fighting disease particularly difficult. Diff: 3 Section: 2.13: Epidemiological Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.14: Understand variations in health care services between developed and developing nations Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 42 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. 92) The CBR has declined between 1990 and 2015; (a) what two strategies have contributed to this result. (b) While CBR has declined, what conditions would contribute to high birth rates? Answer: Varies but (a) should speak to Education and Health Care strategies and availability and affordability of contraception and (b) should speak to cultural influences and economic influences such as long-term elderly care, contribute to household work, desire for a son, religious influences, planning in the event of the death of a child, and lack of contraception or religious taboos associated with its use. Diff: 3 Section: 2.14: Family Futures Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.21: Understand reasons for declining birth rates Nat’l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 43 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd.