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Date:
Chapter 2
Multiple Choice
1. 14C is an isotope of carbon that possesses:
a. 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons.
b. 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 2 electrons.
c. 8 protons, 6 neutrons, and 2 electrons.
d. 6 protons, 2 neutrons, and 6 electrons.
e. 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 2 electrons.
ANSWER: a
2. Refer to the periodic table.
Using the periodic table provided, select the element that would be found in least abundance in a living cell.
a. sodium (Na)
b. silicon (Si)
c. phosphorous (P)
d. zinc (Zn)
e. hydrogen (H)
ANSWER: b
3. How many electron orbitals does a carbon atom possess?
a. 6
b. 4
c. 2
d. 5
e. 12
ANSWER: d
4. Consult the periodic table provided if necessary.
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Which of the elements would most likely have bonding properties similar to nitrogen (N)?
a. carbon (C)
b. silicon (Si)
c. phosphorus (P)
d. sulfur (S)
e. oxygen (O)
ANSWER: c
5. Which property of water causes ice to float?
a. Hydrogen bonds form between the water molecules.
b. The highly ordered crystal packing is less dense.
c. Its ability to dissolve many other substances.
d. Its ability to adhere to polar compounds.
e. Its partial positive and partial negative charges on each molecule.
ANSWER: b
6. Which statement best describes an effect of the low density of frozen water in a lake?
a. When water in a lake freezes, it floats, providing insulation for organisms below the ice.
b. Water in a lake freezes from the bottom up, killing most aquatic organisms.
c. When water freezes, it contracts, decreasing the water level in the lake.
d. Water removes thermal energy from the land around a lake, causing the lake to freeze.
ANSWER: a
7. Which number represents the pH of a solution with the highest concentration of hydrogen ions?
a. 11.5
b. 4.5
c. 7.0
d. 9.1
e. 1.0
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Chapter 2
ANSWER: e
8. In a solution that has pH = 7.0, the ratio of protons (H+) to hydroxide ions (OH-) equals
a. 1
b. 7
c. 70
d. 1/7
e. 1/70
ANSWER: a
9. Refer to the periodic table provided.
Which group ranks the elements carbon, sodium, calcium, and iodine in order of decreasing number of protons?
a. IโCaโNaโC
b. CโNaโCaโI
c. IโCโCaโNa
d. CโCaโNaโI
ANSWER: a
10. Which statement about a carbon-carbon double bond is correct?
a. Each of the two carbons is capable of bonding to three other atoms.
b. The double bond allows free rotation of the molecule at the bond position.
c. The double bond is longer than a corresponding carbon-carbon single bond.
d. Double bonds can be found in both chain and ring structures.
ANSWER: d
11. How many hydrogen atoms are present in a hydrocarbon chain of five carbons joined to each other by single
covalent bonds?
a. 8
b. 12
c. 10
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Chapter 2
d. 6
ANSWER: b
12. How many hydrogen atoms are present in a hydrocarbon chain of 8 carbon atoms with 3 double bonds and
the rest single bonds?
a. 12
b. 10
c. 14
d. 16
ANSWER: a
13. Which choice is a pyrimidine found in DNA?
a. None of the other answer options is correct.
b. guanine
c. uracil
d. adenine
e. thymine
ANSWER: e
14. _____ are the subunits of nucleic acids, and _____ are the subunits of proteins.
a. Polypeptides; sugars
b. Bases; polypeptides
c. Nucleotides; amino acids
d. Amino acids; nucleic bases
e. Nucleoli; amino acids
ANSWER: c
15. Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of macromolecules. Which functional characteristic of proteins
distinguishes them from carbohydrates?
a. large amount of stored information
b. efficient storage of usable chemical energy
c. tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic
d. ability to catalyze biochemical reactions
e. None of the other answer options is correct.
ANSWER: d
16. Which choice most accurately describes the ratio of oxygen to carbon to hydrogen in a simple 6-carbon
sugar such as glucose?
a. 1:1:2
b. 1:2:1
c. 2:1:1
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Chapter 2
d. 1:2:3
e. 1:3:2
ANSWER: a
17. Sucrose is composed of:
a. glycerol and three fatty acids.
b. a six-carbon sugar and a five-carbon sugar.
c. a simple sugar and a nucleotide.
d. two ketose sugars.
e. an aldose and a ketose.
ANSWER: e
18. Which biomolecule is defined by a physical property instead of a chemical structure?
a. lipids
b. proteins
c. monosaccharides
d. nucleic acids
e. polysaccharides
ANSWER: a
19. Which type of fatty acid would be likely to have the lowest melting temperature?
a. long tails and low saturation
b. long tails and high saturation
c. short tails and low saturation
d. short tails and high saturation
e. All fatty acids have the same melting temperature, regardless of tail length or level of saturation.
ANSWER: c
20. Which type of fatty acids would be likely to participate in the greatest amount of van der Waals forces with
other fatty acids? Fatty acids with:
a. short tails and high saturation.
b. long tails and low saturation.
c. short tails and low saturation.
d. long tails and high saturation.
ANSWER: d
21. Miller and Urey’s initial simulation resulted in the formation of which one of the molecules?
a. DNA
b. glucose
c. RNA
d. phospholipids
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e. amino acids
ANSWER: e
22. Sutherland and colleagues demonstrated the synthesis of which molecules under conditions thought to
resemble those of early Earth?
a. nucleotides
b. amino acids
c. phospholipids
d. nucleic acid chains
e. polypeptides
ANSWER: a
23. Refer to the periodic table.
Which of these choices ranks the elements carbon, sodium, calcium, and iodine in order of decreasing number
of protons?
a. I, Ca, Na, C
b. I, Na, Ca, C
c. C, Na, Ca, I
d. Ca, I, C, Na
e. Na, Ca, C, I
ANSWER: a
24. Refer to the periodic table.
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Chapter 2
Which of these choices ranks the elements carbon, phosphorus, calcium, and iodine in order of decreasing
number of protons.
a. C, P, Ca, I
b. I, P, Ca, C
c. I, Ca, P, C
d. Ca, I, C, P
e. P, Ca, C, I
ANSWER: c
25. Complete the description:
____________ can occur when a molecule has a hydrogen atom covalently linked to an electronegative atom,
whereas _______________ occurs between oppositely charged ions and ______________ occurs when atoms
share electrons.
a. A hydrogen bond; a covalent bond; an ionic bond
b. An ionic bond; a hydrogen bond; a covalent bond
c. A covalent bond, an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond
d. A covalent bond; a hydrogen bond; an ionic bond
e. A hydrogen bond; an ionic bond; a covalent bond
ANSWER: e
26. What differentiates isotopes of the same element?
a. protons
b. neutrons
c. electrons
d. charge
ANSWER: b
27. You discover an isotope of an element that has 6 electrons in its second and outermost shell, 8 protons, and
6 neutrons. What element is it?
a. nitrogen (N)
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b. carbon (C)
c. oxygen (O)
d. fluorine (F)
ANSWER: c
28. Which statement accurately describes a polar covalent bond?
a. the unequal sharing of electrons between an atom with a partial positive charge and an atom with a
partial negative charge
b. the interaction of an atom with very high electronegativity and an atom with very low
electronegativity
c. the interaction of a hydrogen atom connected to an atom with a high electronegativity and an
electronegative atom of another molecule
d. the equal sharing of electrons between atoms of identical or similar electronegativities
e. None of the other answer options is correct.
ANSWER: a
29. The oxygen and hydrogens of a water molecule contains what type of bond?
a. polar covalent
b. ionic
c. hydrogen
d. van der Waals interactions
ANSWER: a
30. Which choice correctly lists the five most abundant elements found in living organisms?
a. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, iron
b. sodium, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
c. magnesium, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
d. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
ANSWER: d
31. Which choice ranks the elements carbon, sodium, calcium, and iodine in order of decreasing number of
valence electrons?
a. IโCโCaโNa
b. IโCaโNaโC
c. CโNaโCaโI
d. CโCaโNaโI
ANSWER: a
32. Which choice ranks the elements carbon, sodium, calcium, and iodine in order of decreasing number of
energy shells/levels?
a. CโNaโCaโI
b. IโCaโNaโC
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c. IโCโCaโNa
d. CโCaโNโI
ANSWER: b
33. Rank the elements carbon, phosphorus, calcium, and iodine in order of decreasing number of valence
electrons.
a. IโPโCโCa
b. IโCaโPโC
c. CโPโCaโI
d. PโCโCaโI
ANSWER: a
34. Rank the elements carbon, phosphorus, calcium, and iodine in order of decreasing number of energy
shells/levels.
a. IโPโCโCa
b. CโPโCaโI
c. IโCaโPโC
d. PโCโCaโI
ANSWER: c
35. Helicase is an enzyme that separates the double helix of the DNA into two separate strands. How do you
think helicase does this?
a. by breaking ionic bonds
b. by breaking phosphodiester bonds
c. by breaking peptide bonds
d. by breaking hydrogen bonds
ANSWER: d
36. Two of the main ingredients in plant fertilizer are phosphorus and nitrogen. These elements are found in
which classes of biomolecules?
a. carbohydrates and DNA
b. proteins and carbohydrates
c. DNA and proteins
d. lipids and carbohydrates
ANSWER: c
37. Although monosaccharides can exist in linear form, virtually all cellular monosaccharides are found in
circular form.
a. true
b. false
ANSWER: a
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38. Imagine you were there when Stanley Miller performed his experiment to reproduce the building blocks of
life. If Miller originally identified 5 different amino acids, how many polypeptides that are 10 amino acids long
could be made from just these 5 amino acids?
a. The answer cannot be determined from the information provided.
b. 105= 100,000
c. 5 ร 10 = 50
d. 510 = 9,765,625
ANSWER: d
39. Studies of the origin of life on Earth help us to consider what would be required for life elsewhere in the
universe. What is most likely to be true of extraterrestrial life if it exists?
a. Carbon will act as the backbone for organic molecules.
b. Light from a nearby star will make photosynthesis possible.
c. Oxygen will be used to convert energy in cells.
d. Water will not be required to sustain life.
ANSWER: a
40. Current theory about molecular systems in the very earliest evolution of living cells suggests that which of
these types of biomolecules probably provided the stored genetic information?
a. DNA
b. RNA
c. proteins
d. carbohydrates
e. biomolecules unlike those in modern cells
ANSWER: b
41. Which gas was not a component of the simulated atmosphere in the Miller-Urey experiment?
a. ammonia
b. water vapor
c. hydrogen
d. methane
e. oxygen
ANSWER: e
42. Rank the elements carbon, sodium, calcium, and iodine in order of decreasing number of valence electrons.
a. C, I, Ca, Na
b. I, C, Ca, Na
c. Na, Ca, C, I
d. Ca, Na, I, C
e. I, C, Na, Ca
ANSWER: b
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43. Rank the elements carbon, sodium, calcium, and iodine in order of decreasing number of energy
shells/levels.
a. I, Ca, Na, C
b. C, I, Ca, Na
c. Na, Ca, C, I
d. Ca, Na, I, C
e. I, C, Ca, Na
ANSWER: a
44. Rank the elements carbon, phosphorus, calcium, and iodine in order of decreasing number of valence
electrons.
a. Ca, P, I, C
b. C, I, Ca, P
c. P, Ca, C, I
d. I, P, C, Ca
e. I, C, Ca, P
ANSWER: d
45. Rank the elements carbon, phosphorus, calcium, and iodine in order of decreasing number of energy
shells/levels.
a. P, Ca, C, I
b. C, I, Ca, P
c. I, Ca, P, C
d. Ca, P, I, C
e. I, Ca, C, P
ANSWER: c
46. An atom with three electrons has:
a. three occupied orbitals, each of which contains one electron.
b. one occupied orbital with three electrons.
c. two occupied orbitals, one of which has two electrons and the other has one.
d. three energy shells, each of which contains one electron.
ANSWER: c
47. For an atom that is not an ion, which statement must be true?
a. The number of electrons equals the number of protons.
b. The number of electrons equals the number of neutrons.
c. The number of protons equals the number of neutrons.
d. The number of neutrons must be less than the number of electrons.
ANSWER: a
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48. Which choice correctly pairs the particles of an atom with their physical properties?
a. proton – positively charged; neutron – uncharged; electron – negatively charged
b. proton – negatively charged; neutron – uncharged; electron – positively charged
c. proton- positively charged; neutron – negatively charged; electron – uncharged
d. proton – uncharged; neutron – negatively charged; electron – positively charged
ANSWER: a
49. The most common isotope of oxygen has 8 protons and an atomic mass of 16. How many neutrons are
present in the oxygen nucleus?
a. 8
b. 4
c. 6
d. 2
e. 10
ANSWER: a
50. The most common isotope of oxygen has 8 protons and an atomic mass of 16. How many electrons are
present in the orbitals around an atom of oxygen?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
e. 10
ANSWER: d
51. The most common isotope of oxygen has an atomic mass of 16 (16O). An isotope with an atomic mass of 18
(18O) is also stable. How many valence electrons are present in 18O?
a. the same as in 16O
b. more than in 16O
c. fewer than 16O
d. None of the other answer options is correct.
ANSWER: a
52. The description “two of the outermost atomic orbitals of two atoms, each containing one electron, merge
into a single orbital containing a full complement of two electrons” refers to which type of bonds? Select all that
apply.
a. hydrogen bonds
b. ionic bonds
c. covalent bonds
ANSWER: c
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53. Which bonds occur between two atoms in each of which the number of protons does not equal the number
of electrons? Select all that apply.
a. ionic bonds
b. covalent bonds
c. hydrogen bonds
ANSWER: a
54. Refer to the periodic table.
Decide which molecule is held together by ionic bonds.
a. CO2
b. KCl
c. NH3
d. NO
e. CH4
ANSWER: b
55. Refer to the periodic table.
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Decide which molecule is held together by polar covalent bonds.
a. NH3
b. CO2
c. KCl
d. NO
e. CH4
ANSWER: a
56. Refer to the periodic table.
Decide which molecule is held together by nonpolar covalent bonds.
a. H2O
b. NH3
c. KCl
d. CO2
ANSWER: d
57. Of the given types of bonds between atoms, which is the strongest?
a. van der Waals forces
b. hydrogen bond
c. ionic bond
d. covalent bond
ANSWER: d
58. A pair of atoms joined by a polar covalent bond:
a. is unlikely to form hydrogen bonds with water.
b. has the charge spread evenly across both atoms.
c. has a slight positive charge on one atom and a slight negative charge on the other.
d. mixes well with nonpolar solvents.
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ANSWER: c
59. The association of individual water molecules with other water molecules is called _____ and occurs
through _____ bonds between water molecules.
a. adhesion; hydrogen
b. cohesion; polar covalent
c. adhesion; polar covalent
d. cohesion; hydrogen
ANSWER: d
60. The unique properties of water are due to the _____ of water molecules and the ability of water to form
_____ with other water molecules and with other polar molecules.
a. polarity; polar covalent bonds
b. polarity; hydrogen bonds
c. electronegativity; polar covalent bonds
d. hydrophobicity; hydrogen bonds
ANSWER: b
61. You have an aqueous solution with a pH of exactly 7.0. What would you add to make the solution more
acidic?
a. hydrogen chloride (HCl)
b. sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
c. sodium chloride (NaCl)
d. deionized water (H2O)
ANSWER: a
62. You have an aqueous solution with a pH of 6.0. What would you add to make the solution more basic?
a. hydrogen chloride (HCI)
b. sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
c. sodium chloride (NaCl)
d. deionized water (H2O)
ANSWER: b
63. You have an aqueous solution with a pH of 8.0. You add sodium chloride to a concentration of 1 gram per
100 milliliters. What happens to the pH?
a. It stays the same.
b. It goes down.
c. It goes up.
d. It depends on the temperature.
ANSWER: a
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64. A _______ substance could contain __________ bonds which allow it to interact with water.
a. hydrophobic; non-polar covalent
b. hydrophilic; non-polar covalent
c. hydrophobic; hydrogen
d. hydrophilic; hydrogen
e. hydrophilic; polar covalent
ANSWER: e
65. A _______ substance could contain __________ bonds which cause it not to interact with water.
a. hydrophobic; nonpolar covalent
b. hydrophilic; nonpolar covalent
c. hydrophobic; hydrogen
d. hydrophilic; hydrogen
e. hydrophilic; polar covalent
ANSWER: a
66. Which choice ranks the elements carbon, sodium, calcium, and iodine in order of decreasing number of
electrons?
a. CโCaโNaโI
b. CโNaโCaโI
c. IโCโCaโNa
d. IโCaโNaโC
ANSWER: d
67. Which of these choices ranks the elements hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in order of decreasing
dry mass in living organisms?
a. OโCโHโN
b. CโOโHโN
c. OโHโCโN
d. CโNโOโH
ANSWER: b
68. Consider the two pie-graph representations of the composition of the human body and human cells
presented in the figure shown.
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Why is oxygen so prevalent in live cells of the human body compared to oxygen in the dry mass of human
cells?
a. The “dry biomass” does not include the 60-80% of water, mostly oxygen mass, that is present in a
typical, live human.
b. The human body is composed of much more than just the cells that make up the tissues and organs.
c. The human body stores a large amount of oxygen within its tissues and organs for use when oxygen
is low.
d. These represent two different experimental analyses, so there is natural variation.
ANSWER: a
69. Rank the elements carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen in order of decreasing proportion of human
cell dry mass.
a. CโOโNโP
b. OโCโNโP
c. CโNโPโO
d. PโNโOโC
e. NโOโPโC
ANSWER: a
70. Rank the elements carbon, phosphorus, calcium, and iodine in order of greatest dry mass in human cells.
a. IโPโCโCa
b. IโCaโPโC
c. CโPโCaโI
d. PโCโCaโI
ANSWER: c
71. Single covalent bonds between carbon atoms:
a. allow free rotation of the carbon atoms around the bond.
b. are strong enough to support long chains of carbon atoms.
c. allow a molecule to twist and turn into many different arrangements.
d. All of these choices are correct.
ANSWER: d
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72. Three carbon atoms are linked by single covalent bond such that those carbon atoms and bonds together
form the shape of a V. All of the unshared electrons form covalent bonds with hydrogen. How many hydrogen
atoms does this molecule contain?
a. 10
b. 4
c. 6
d. 2
e. 8
ANSWER: e
73. Because of hydrogen bonding, water is uniquely suited for its central role in life. Many hydrophilic
molecules interact freely with water, but a number of hydrophobic molecules are important for life, too. How
does the interaction between water and hydrophobic molecules help to organize biological systems?
a. Because water molecules preferentially associate with each other, they force hydrophobic molecules
to associate with each other and not with water molecules.
b. The ionic bonds between water molecules cause hydrophobic molecules to associate with each other
and not with water molecules.
c. Because cells are not pure waterโin that they have many substances dissolved within themโthe
hydrophilic/hydrophobic effect has a limited role in biological organization.
d. None of the other answer options is correct.
ANSWER: a
74. Which bonds are covalent bonds?
a. peptide bonds
b. glycosidic bonds
c. phosphodiester bonds
d. All of these choices are correct.
ANSWER: d
75. In general, colder temperatures would tend to reduce the fluidity of membranes. In response, cells can adjust
the composition of their membranes to maintain the proper degree of fluidity. How would the membrane change
in response to colder temperatures?
a. The amount of saturated triacylglycerols would increase.
b. The amount of unsaturated fatty acids would increase.
c. The length of the fatty acid chains in the phospholipids would increase.
d. The amount of unsaturated fatty acids would decrease.
e. The amount of saturated triacylglycerols would decrease.
ANSWER: b
76. Consider the structure and function of DNA. Which statement is true?
a. Because DNA contains carbohydrates, it provides structural support to the cells.
b. The phosphodiester bonds that stabilize the association of the two strands are easily broken and
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reformed.
c. If the sequence of one DNA strand is known, then the sequence of the other strand can be
determined.
d. Because DNA is made of phosphate groups that are ionized, it could easily pass through a cell
membrane.
ANSWER: c
77. In DNA molecules, complementary base pairs always include one purine nucleotide and one pyrimidine
nucleotide. Suppose you analyzed the DNA from some bacterial cells and you found that 16% of the
nucleotides are adenine nucleotides. What are the percentages of the other nucleotides in the bacterial DNA?
a. 16% thymine, 34% guanine, 34% cytosine
b. 34% uracil, 16% guanine, 16% cytosine
c. 34% thymine, 34% guanine, 16% cytosine
d. 34% thymine, 16% guanine, 34% cytosine
e. None of the other answer options is correct.
ANSWER: a
78. Samples of three different triacylglycerol types were tested to determine the melting point of each one. The
results of the tests are shown in the graph.
The length of the fatty acids A, B, and C is the same. Which of the three triacylglycerols is likely to have the
most double bonds in the fatty acids?
a. type 1
b. type 2
c. type 3
d. There is no way of knowing which of the three triacylglycerols would likely have the most double
bonds based on the information available.
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ANSWER: a
79. Samples of three different triacylglycerols were tested to determine the melting point of each one. The
results of the tests are shown in the graph.
The length of the fatty acids in A, B, and C is the same. Which of the three triacylglycerols is likely to have the
fewest number of double bonds in the fatty acids?
a. type 2
b. type 1
c. type 3
d. There is no way of knowing which of the three triacylglycerols would likely have the fewest double
bonds based on the information available.
ANSWER: a
80. Samples of three different triacylglycerols were tested to determine the melting point of each one. The
results of the tests are shown in the graph.
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The length of the fatty acids in A, B, and C is the same. Which of the three fatty acids is likely to have the most
saturated fatty acids?
a. type 2
b. type 1
c. type 3
d. There is no way of knowing which of the three triacylglycerols would likely have the most saturated
fatty acids based on the information available.
ANSWER: a
81. Samples of three different triacylglycerols were tested to determine the melting point of each one. The
results of the tests are shown in the graph.
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The length of the fatty acids in A, B, and C is the same. Which of the three fatty acids is likely to have the most
unsaturated fatty acids?
a. type 3
b. type 2
c. type 1
d. There is no way of knowing which of the three triacylglycerols would likely have the most
unsaturated fatty acids based on the information available.
ANSWER: c
82. Samples of three different triacylglycerols were tested to determine the melting point of each one. The
results of the tests are shown in the graph.
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The number of double bonds in each of the fatty acids A, B, and C is the same. Which of the three
triacylglycerols is likely to have the fatty acids with the longest hydrocarbon chains?
a. type 1
b. type 2
c. type 3
d. There is no way of knowing which of the three triacylglycerols would likely have the fatty acids with
the longest hydrocarbon chains based on the information available.
ANSWER: b
83. Samples of three different triacylglycerols were tested to determine the melting point of each one. The
results of the tests are shown in the graph.
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The number of double bonds in each of the fatty acids in A, B, and C is the same. Which of the three
triacylglycerols is likely to have the fatty acids with the shortest hydrocarbon chains?
a. There is no way of knowing which of the three triacylglycerols would likely have the fatty acids with
the shortest hydrocarbon chains based on the information available.
b. type 2
c. type 3
d. type 1
ANSWER: d
84. How many hydrogen atoms are present in a hydrocarbon chain of five carbon atoms with one double bond
and the rest single bonds?
a. 8
b. 10
c. 6
d. 12
ANSWER: b
85. How many hydrogen atoms are present in a hydrocarbon chain of five carbon atoms with two double bonds
and two single bonds?
a. 10
b. 6
c. 8
d. 12
ANSWER: c
86. How many hydrogen atoms are present in a five-carbon hydrocarbon molecule with four of the carbons
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linked in a chain by single covalent bonds and with the fifth carbon atom attached by a single bond as a branch
to the second carbon in the chain?
a. 6
b. 8
c. 10
d. 12
ANSWER: d
87. How many hydrogen atoms are present in a ring of six carbon atoms held together by alternating single and
double bonds?
a. 6
b. 8
c. 10
d. 12
ANSWER: a
88. What important feature of noncovalent molecular interactions makes them so important to life?
a. They can only occur in cells.
b. They are strong in a cellular environment that holds atoms together tightly.
c. They are weak in a cellular environment, so they can be made, broken, and reformed easily.
d. None of the other answer options is correct.
ANSWER: c
89. Peptide bonds are characteristic of:
a. nucleic acids.
b. carbohydrates.
c. lipids.
d. fatty acids.
e. proteins.
ANSWER: e
90. Pyrimidine and purine bases are found in:
a. carbohydrates.
b. nucleic acids.
c. lipids.
d. fatty acids.
e. proteins.
ANSWER: b
91. Aldoses and ketoses are examples of:
a. lipids.
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b. nucleic acids.
c. proteins.
d. carbohydrates.
e. fatty acids.
ANSWER: d
92. An unsaturated fatty acid contains:
a. one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
b. only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
c. only carbon and hydrogen.
d. one or more double bonds between hydrogen atoms.
ANSWER: a
93. A phosphodiester bond in nucleic acid polymers is formed between:
a. two amino acids.
b. a 5′ phosphate and a 3′ hydroxyl group.
c. a base and a sugar.
d. a 3′ phosphate and a 5′ hydroxyl group.
e. a fatty acid and a glycerol molecule.
ANSWER: b
94. Which component of an amino acid differs from one amino acid to another?
a. the hydrogen atom opposite the R group
b. the carboxyl group
c. the ฮฑ-carbon atom
d. the amino group
e. the side chain
ANSWER: e
95. If you isolate a single nucleotide from a nucleic acid chain and determine that the nitrogenous ring structure
is cytosine, you could say with certainty that the nucleotide may have come from:
a. either DNA or RNA.
b. RNA but not DNA.
c. DNA but not RNA.
d. neither DNA nor RNA.
ANSWER: a
96. If an atom has three electrons, it will have ____ occupied orbitals _________ of which is/are full.
a. three; one
b. three; all
c. two; both
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d. three; two
e. two; one
ANSWER: e
97. An atom that is not an ion is electrically neutral because the number of ___________ charged
_____________ always equals the number of _____________ charged ___________.
a. negatively; protons; positively; electrons
b. negatively; electrons; positively; neutrons
c. un-; neutrons; positively; protons
d. positively; protons; negatively; electrons
e. negatively; neutrons; positively; protons
ANSWER: d
98. Which choice correctly pairs the particles in an atom with its electrical charge?
a. protonโpositively charged; neutronโuncharged; electronโnegatively charged
b. protonโuncharged; neutronโuncharged; electronโnegatively charged
c. protonโpositively charged; neutronโnegatively charged; electronโnegatively charged
d. protonโnegatively charged; neutronโuncharged; electronโnegatively charged
ANSWER: a
99. Refer to the image.
The molecule shown here is:
a. a protein.
b. an amino acid.
c. a nucleotide.
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d. a monosaccharide.
e. a triacylglycerol.
ANSWER: b
100. Refer to the image.
In the molecule shown here, label C points to the __________ and label B points to the __________.
a. amino group; carboxyl group
b. carboxyl group; R group
c. R group; carboxyl group
d. glycerol; fatty acid
e. alpha carbon; R group
ANSWER: e
101. Refer to the image.
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In the molecule shown here, label A points to the __________ and label D points to the __________.
a. R group; carboxyl group
b. carboxyl group; R group
c. carboxyl group; amino group
d. glycerol; fatty acid
e. alpha carbon; R group
ANSWER: c
102. Refer to the image.
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In the molecule shown here, which labeled parts would form peptide bonds?
a. B and D
b. A and B
c. B and C
d. A and D
e. C and D
ANSWER: d
103. Refer to the image.
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A polymer consisting of many subunits similar to the molecule shown would be what kind of biomolecule?
a. a protein
b. an amino acid
c. a nucleic acid
d. a lipid
e. a carbohydrate
ANSWER: a
104. Refer to the image.
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In the molecule shown, which labeled parts would be ionized in the environment of the cell?
a. C and D
b. A and B
c. B and C
d. B and D
e. A and D
ANSWER: e
105. Refer to the image.
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In the molecule shown, which labeled part or parts would be different in each of the other 19 amino acids?
a. B
b. D
c. B and D
d. A and D
e. C and D
ANSWER: a
Multiple Response
106. The structural diversity of carbon-based molecules is determined by which properties? Select all the apply.
a. the ability of carbon to form four covalent bonds
b. the ability of carbon’s covalent bonds to rotate freely
c. the orientation of carbon’s bonds in the form of a tetrahedron
d. carbon’s strong electronegativity results in polar covalent bonds
e. the ability of carbon to ionize and interact with other ions
ANSWER: a, b, c
107. Certain meteorites have been examined and found to carry samples of which molecules? Select all the
apply.
a. amino acids
b. lipids
c. polypeptides
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d. nucleotides
e. monosaccharides
ANSWER: a, b
108. Which qualities are maintained during all chemical reactions? Select all that apply.
a. the identity of the atoms present in the reactants
b. the number of atoms present in the reactants
c. the arrangement of chemical bonds present in the reactants
d. the number of reactant molecules
ANSWER: a, b
109. As part of their normal function, many proteins bind to DNA briefly and then release it again. Which types
of interactions might be involved in these transient protein-DNA interactions? Select all that apply.
a. hydrogen bonds
b. ionic bonds
c. covalent bonds
d. van der Waals forces
ANSWER: a, b, d
110. Sometimes, atoms gain or lose particles. The loss of which particles results in a change of atomic mass?
Select all that apply.
a. a neutron
b. a proton
c. an electron
ANSWER: a, b
111. Sometimes, atoms gain or lose particles. The loss of which particles would result in a change of overall
electrical charge? Select all that apply.
a. a neutron
b. an electron
c. a proton
ANSWER: b, c
112. Which bonds rely on the attraction of positive and negative charges? Select all that apply.
a. ionic bonds
b. hydrogen bonds
c. covalent bonds
ANSWER: a, b
113. Several chemical properties make water uniquely suited for its role as a central “molecule of life”. Which
statements are true?
a. Hydrogen bonding leads to high cohesiveness between water molecules.
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b. Water resists temperature changes.
c. Water molecules are always polar.
d. Water is a good solvent of polar molecules and ions.
e. The structure of a water molecule is stabilized by hydrogen bonds.
ANSWER: a, b, c, d
114. Which components of an amino acid participate in the formation of the peptide bonds that join amino acids
into a chain to form proteins? Select all that apply.
a. the amino group
b. the carboxyl group
c. the ฮฑ-carbon atom
d. the side chain
e. the hydrogen atom opposite the R group
ANSWER: a, b
115. Which choices can combine to form a triacylglycerol molecule? Select all that apply.
a. glycerol
b. unsaturated fatty acid
c. saturated fatty acid
d. cholesterol
e. phosphate
ANSWER: a, b, c
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