Surgical Technology: Principles And Practice, 5th Edition Test Bank

Fuller: Surgical Technology, 5th Edition Chapter 2: The Patient in Surgery Test Bank TRUE/FALSE 1. Therapeutic care, communication, and intervention, according to the unique needs of the patient, comprise patient-centered care. ANS: T In patient-centered care, the surgical team bases assessment, planning, and intervention on the unique needs of the individual patient. The unique needs of the individual patient are revealed through information from others, astute observation, and good communication. DIF: 2 REF: p. 13 2. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, if a human does not have the most basic requirements for life, then the needs at the next level of existence and fulfillment cannot be met. ANS: T Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is depicted as a triangular hierarchy, with the most important needs at the base levels. The most basic of human needs are physiological—those that involve the biochemical, mechanical, and physical processes of life. DIF: 1 REF: p. 13 3. Respiration is defined as just the act of breathing. ANS: F Respiration is also the process of oxygen exchange at the cellular and molecular level and many other complex physiologic processes. DIF: 1 REF: p. 13 4. The surgical technologist contributes to information about fluid balance by tracking and reporting the amount of fluid irrigation used during a procedure. ANS: T The technologist contributes to information about fluid balance by tracking and reporting the amount of fluid irrigation used during a procedure. DIF: 1 REF: p. 14 5. The surgical technologist can understand and support the patient’s psychological needs regardless of how brief the professional relationship is. ANS: T In some settings the technologist may have only brief encounters with the patients, whereas in others, contact is extensive. Regardless of the how brief or extended the professional relationship is, the technologist can understand and support the patients psychological needs. DIF: 1 REF: p. 15 6. All patient groups require the same interventions and preparations for surgery. ANS: F All patient groups have different needs. DIF: 2 REF: p. 18 7. Examining one’s own beliefs and broadening the definition of spirituality is the first step toward providing holistic patient care. ANS: T Examining one’s own beliefs and broadening the definition of spirituality is the first step toward the development of spiritual care. These are challenging but rewarding goals that the surgical technologist must develop to be a holistic and patient-centered care-giver. DIF: 1 REF: p. 18 8. Appropriate therapeutic communication requires a nonjudgmental and supportive presence, presence meaning that the surgical technologist’s attention is focused on the patient. ANS: T Appropriate therapeutic communication requires a nonjudgmental and supportive attitude. DIF: 1 REF: p. 16 9. Elimination is the psychological process of removing cellular and chemical waste products from the body. ANS: F Elimination is the physiological process of removing cellular and chemical waste products from the body. During the processes of metabolism, both toxic and nontoxic by-products are produced, such as urea, carbon dioxide, and dead cells DIF: 1 REF: p. 14 10. Surgical technologists have an ethical responsibility to honor and respect patients’ cultural beliefs, just as they would want their own beliefs to be honored and respected in a different culture. ANS: T The most effective way to approach a patient whose cultural beliefs are different from one’s own is with knowledge of that culture. Health-care professionals have an ethical responsibility to honor and respect those beliefs, just as they would want their own beliefs to be honored in a different culture. DIF: 2 REF: p. 18 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, The most basic of human needs are ________. a. psychological b. physiological c. metabolic d. pathological ANS: B According to Maslow’s Hierarchy, the most basic of human needs are physiological—those that involve the biochemical, mechanical, and physical processes of life DIF: 1 REF: p. 13 2. Supplying fluid, electrolytes, and organic substances to cells in order to maintain electrical activity and transport of materials in and out of the cells is a physiological response of ________. a. thermoregulation b. mutation c. attrition d. nutrition ANS: D Nutrition at its physiological level means supplying fluid, electrolytes, and organic substances to cells in order to maintain electrical activity and transport of materials in and out of the cells. It also refers to the breakdown of food into molecular components for tissue repair and growth. DIF: 1 REF: p. 14 3. Needs that require the Surgical Technologist to listen to a patient’s feelings and acknowledge their fears or concerns are called ________. a. psychosocial needs b. special needs c. spiritual needs d. unrelated needs ANS: D Regardless of how brief or extended the professional relationship is, the surgical technologist can understand and support a patient’s psychological needs. The surgical technologist can support the patient by showing care and by acknowledging the patient’s feelings rather than trying to minimize them. DIF: 1 REF: p. 15 4. A therapeutic communication skill that urges patients to continue speaking or communicating their needs is called ________. a. leads and cues b. reflection c. assessment d. holistic care ANS: A Leads and cues are actions and words that encourage the patient to communicate. The goal is to prevent the patient from becoming self-conscious or afraid to express feelings and sensations. DIF: 1 REF: p. 17 5. An abnormal return to a former or an earlier state, particularly infantile patterns of thought or behavior, that can occur from feelings of helplessness and dependency in a patient with a serious physical illness is known as ________. a. comorbid disease b. regression c. a unique need d. musculoskeletal impairment ANS: B Toddlers suffer frustration and loss of autonomy as well as extreme anxiety when separated from their primary caretaker. The operating room environment can be terrifying to a toddler, who expresses this by crying and screaming or through aggression and regression. DIF: 1 REF: p. 19 6. Self-actualization is one’s ability to express and achieve ________ goals. a. society b. financial c. professional d. personal ANS: D Self-actualization is one’s ability to express and achieve personal goals. These are whatever that person defines as a goal or achievement. Personal goals are unique and valued by each individual person. DIF: 1 REF: p. 15 7. In patient-centered care, the surgical team bases assessment, planning, and intervention on the unique needs of the ________. a. surgical technologist b. patient c. surgeon d. patient’s family members ANS: B In patient-centered care, the surgical team bases assessment, planning, and intervention on the unique needs of the individual patient. The unique needs of the individual patient are revealed through information from others, astute observation, and good communication. DIF: 1 REF: p. 13 8. When surgical technologists apply knowledge and experience gained in the past to solve a current problem, they are using a process known as ________. a. prioritizing b. aggression c. regression d. critical thinking ANS: D Critical thinking is the process of analyzing information about the patient, comparing it with similar previous experience, and responding to the unique needs of the patient. DIF: 1 REF: p. 12 9. Therapeutic care, communication, and intervention provided according to the unique needs of the patient is the definition of __________. a. Direct patient care b. Indirect patient care c. Care of the patient with special needs d. Patient-centered care ANS: D Patient-centered care is defined as therapeutic care, communication, and intervention provided according to the unique needs of the patient. DIF: 2 REF: p. 12 10. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is a model for meeting ________ and is used as a reference point for patient care. a. the surgeon’s needs b. the patient’s family members’ needs c. the sterile team’s needs d. human needs ANS: D In the 1970s, psychologist Abraham Maslow developed a theory about human needs. His model, named Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, is depicted as a triangular hierarchy, with the most important needs at the base levels. DIF: 1 REF: p. 13 11. Physiological needs are the basic needs for ________ patients. a. all b. some c. young d. elderly ANS: A All patients require the need to have their feelings understood and acknowledged. DIF: 2 REF: p. 16 12. Pediatric patient groups are defined according to approximate _____________ age ranges. a. physical b. physiological c. chronological d. astronomical ANS: C Pediatric patient groups are defined according to approximate chronological age ranges. The age group reflects the developmental stage. DIF: 1 REF: p. 18 13. _________ is the body’s way of avoiding painful or dangerous environments and stimuli. a. Excitement b. Immobility c. Calmness d. Mobility ANS: D Mobility is the body’s way of avoiding painful or dangerous environments and stimuli. In surgery, the anesthetized patient loses this ability. The care-givers must be constantly alert for environmental dangers that the patient would normally avoid. DIF: 1 REF: p. 14 14. Patients who require surgery but have one or more co-existing diseases have ________ risk of surgery. a. significant b. lower c. same d. no ANS: A Especially in the elderly patient, there are significant risks in surgery that are related to coexisting disease, emergency surgery, and risks associated with certain types of surgery (e.g., procedures involving major blood vessels and abdominal and thoracic conditions). Surgery that involves significant blood loss (e.g., hip replacement or repair) can also be high risk for the elderly patient. DIF: 1 REF: p. 19 15. The malnourished patient lacks the necessary ________ to support the process of healing. a. oxygen supply b. basic requirements c. nutritional reserves d. immune responses ANS: C The malnourished patient lacks the necessary nutritional reserves to support the process of healing. Protein and carbohydrates are in particularly high demand by the body to rebuild tissue and meet the physiological demands of organ systems. DIF: 1 REF: p. 20 16. Because many diabetic patients have compromised vascular systems, their risk of ________ is higher than in patients who are not diabetic. a. surgical site infection b. a physiological response to anesthesia c. regression d. comorbid disease ANS: A Because many diabetic patients have compromised vascular systems, their risk of surgical-site infection is higher than in other groups. They are also subject to prolongation of wound healing, hypertension, and peripheral edema. DIF: 1 REF: p. 21 17. The patient whose ________ is/are compromised or suppressed is threatened with postoperative infection and delayed wound healing. a. respiratory system b. immune system c. basic human needs d. nervous system ANS: B The patient whose immune system is compromised or suppressed is threatened with postoperative infection and delayed healing. A healthy immune system is needed for the body to respond to the trauma of surgery and defend it against pathogens that may have invaded it during surgery. DIF: 1 REF: p. 21 18. The patient with AIDS has multiple ________, which deplete the body’s reserve for healing. Because the patient does not have a healthy immune system, the potential for postoperative infection is high. a. needs for surgery b. allergies to anesthesia c. comorbid diseases d. basic human needs ANS: C The patient with AIDS has multiple co-morbid diseases, which deplete the body’s reserves for healing. DIF: 1 REF: p. 21 19. Knowledge of the different ________ of children helps the surgical technologist understand the behaviors exhibited by these patients in the operating room. a. cultures b. developmental stages c. childhood diseases d. family backgrounds ANS: B Children of different developmental stages have predictable fears, responses, and reactions to hospitalization and the process of surgery. Knowledge of these stages helps the surgical technologist understand the behaviors exhibited by children in the operating room. DIF: 1 REF: p. 18 20. Patients develop trust in the surgical technologist who is helping to care for them when she or he demonstrates care by using ________. a. actions and communication b. critical thinking skills c. a sense of humor d. aggression ANS: A Patients develop trust in the care-givers who demonstrate their care by their actions. Patient’s needs depend on good communication, trust, and respect for values of the other. DIF: 1 REF: p. 15 21. Therapeutic communication skills that urge the patient to continue speaking or communicating needs are known as ________. a. psychosocial needs b. leads and cues ANS: A The types of communication in which surgical technologists are likely to engage focus on the surgical environment, the patient’s physical (comfort) needs, and perhaps the way the patient is feeling. The surgical technologist can greatly affect the patient’s well-being by showing focused, purposeful, and caring communication. Appropriate therapeutic communication requires a nonjudgmental and supportive attitude. DIF: 1 REF: p. 16 22. ________ is a model of human needs. a. Maslow’s Hierarchy b. Developmental stages ANS: A Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, is depicted as a triangular hierarchy, with the most important needs at the base levels DIF: 1 REF: p. 13 23. The process of analyzing information about the patient, comparing it to similar or previous experiences, and responding to her or his unique needs requires the surgical technologist to use ________. a. critical thinking skills b. planning and intervention ANS: A Critical thinking is defined as the process of analyzing information about the patient, comparing it with similar previous experience, and responding to the unique needs of the patient. DIF: 1 REF: p. 12 24. Patients are covered with warm blankets while awaiting surgery or during transportation. This is not just a comfort measure but is also important to maintaining ______ temperature. a. core b. skin ANS: A The technologist contributes to temperature regulation in many ways. He or she maintains irrigation fluids to correct temperature. Thermal (body warming) devices used during surgery are the responsibility of the RN circulator and technologist who assists. The technologist ensures that patients are covered with warm blankets while awaiting surgery or during transportation. This is not just a comfort measure but is also important to maintaining core temperature. DIF: 1 REF: p. 14 25. To contribute to the patient’s ________ care, the surgical technologist (ST) must know certain information about him or her. Although the ST does not assess the patient’s condition, information is critical to perform required tasks and to provide quality patient care. a. physical b. mental ANS: A Knowledge of the patient’s physical health history is essential to providing quality patient care. DIF: 2 REF: p. 15 26. Toddlers experience extreme ________ when separated from their primary caregiver. a. comfort b. anxiety ANS: B Toddlers suffer frustration and loss of autonomy, as well as extreme anxiety, when separated from their primary caretaker.The operating room environment can be terrifying to a toddler, who expresses this by crying and screaming or through aggression and regression. DIF: 1 REF: p. 19 27. Spirituality is a sense or understanding of something more profound than humanity, not perceived by the _________ senses. a. social senses b. physical senses ANS: B Spirituality is a sense or understanding of something more profound than humanity, not perceived by the physical senses. It is an awareness or belief in an energy or power greater than humankind. DIF: 1 REF: p. 18 28. ______________ is the ability to communicate and interact with people of different cultures and beliefs. a. Cultural competence b. Culture judgment ANS: A Cultural competence is the ability to communicate and interact with people of different cultures and beliefs. Health care providers were among the first professionals to recognize the need for cultural competence. DIF: 1 REF: p. 18 29. A ________ system is needed for the body to respond to the trauma of surgery and to defend it against pathogens that have invaded it during the surgical procedure. a. comorbid disease b. healthy immune ANS: B A healthy immune system is needed for the body to respond to the trauma of surgery and defend it against pathogens that may have invaded it during surgery. DIF: 1 REF: p. 21 30. Touch is an important part of therapeutic communication, but it must be used ________. a. with caution and respect b. regardless of the patient’s response ANS: A Touch is an important part of therapeutic communication, but it must be used with caution and respect. Some patients do not want to be touched. DIF: 1 MATCHING REF: p. 18 Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You will use the same answer more than once. a. basic need b. psychological need c. spiritual need 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Belief in a greater power Respiration Practice of a particular faith Anxiety and fear Loss of security Biochemical needs Fear of death Rituals and ceremonies Mechanical and physical processes Function and mobility 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: C A C B B A B C B B DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You will use the same answer more than once. a. Therapeutic communication b. Therapeutic response 11. The goal is to encourage the patient to express his or her needs. 12. This includes cue giving, clarification, restatement, paraphrasing, reflection, and touch. 13. A purposeful method of communication in which the caregiver responds to the explicit or implicit needs of the patient 14. A communication response to the patient 15. Appropriate use requires a nonjudgmental and supportive presence 16. Communication becomes centered on the patient’s needs. 17. Touch, when used with caution and respect, is an important part of this. 18. Referring to the patient as “sweetie” or “honey” is not a good example of this. 19. The surgical technologist responds to a patient’s statement of “I am a burden to others with my illness” with “It must be very difficult for you to have surgery right now.” 20. The purpose is to comfort and gain needed information about the patient and his or her needs. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: B B A B A B A A B A DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: DIF: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22 p. 12-22