Soundscapes: Exploring Music In A Changing World, Third Edition Test Bank

Chapter 02: Setting: The Study of Local Musics MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following questions is NOT important to ask when considering music’s setting? a. What instruments are used? b. What makes up a city’s musical life? c. Where is the music performed? d. When is the music heard? e. Who makes the music? ANS: A MSC: Applied DIF: Easy REF: 69–70 TOP: Setting 2. Ghanaian highlife was created by drawing on which of the following musical traditions? a. Sea chanteys d. Piano music b. European military band music e. All of the above c. Church hymns ANS: E MSC: Conceptual DIF: Medium REF: 71 TOP: Accra | Africa 3. In a worship service for the Hindu deity Ganesh, when and why is an Aarati performed? a. At the beginning, to focus the worshippers’ thoughts b. At the beginning, to invoke several related deities c. In the middle, to transition into the faster second half of the service d. At the end, to atone for any mistakes made during the service e. At the end, to purify all worshippers present at the service ANS: D MSC: Conceptual DIF: Hard REF: 81 TOP: Mumbai | South Asia 4. Beginning in 1935, new technology enabled Indian films to use the “playback song,” which was: a. sung by actors on camera and then rerecorded by them on 78-rpm records. b. sung by actors on camera and then rerecorded by professional singers on 78-rpm records. c. sung by professional singers on camera and then recorded by them on 78-rpm records. d. prerecorded by actors and then lip-synched by them on camera. e. prerecorded by professional singers and then lip-synched by actors on camera. ANS: E MSC: Conceptual DIF: Medium REF: 83 TOP: Mumbai | South Asia 5. Ballads are narrative songs performed to: a. accompany funeral services. b. accompany group and couple dances. c. commemorate important events and individuals. d. coordinate workers doing repetitive physical tasks. e. pass religious principles on to younger generations. ANS: C MSC: Conceptual DIF: Easy REF: 96 TOP: Boston | North America 6. Which of the following instruments would be appropriate for performing an Irish American ballad? a. The sikus b. The shankh c. The panpipes ANS: D DIF: Medium TOP: Boston | North America | Europe d. The uilleann pipes e. The Highland bagpipes REF: 97 MSC: Applied 7. The pennywhistle would usually be used to perform a (n): a. Ewe funeral song. b. Irish American ballad. c. Indian film song. d. contemporary gamelan composition. e. Hindu praise song. ANS: B DIF: Easy TOP: Boston | North America | Europe REF: 97 MSC: Applied 8. The Portuguese musical form called fado is often performed to express: a. nostalgia for the country left behind. b. mourning for the recently deceased. c. historical narratives about important families. d. political protest against an oppressive regime. e. moral expectations for teenagers entering adulthood. ANS: A DIF: Easy TOP: Boston | North America | Europe REF: 98 MSC: Conceptual 9. The “broken chords” played by the guitar in Fado Lisboeta are called: a. sikus. d. polos. b. arpeggios. e. kotekan. c. beating tones. ANS: B DIF: Medium TOP: Boston | North America | Europe REF: 100–101 MSC: Applied 10. The Portuguese singer Amália Rodrigues performed Fado Lisboeta in an expressive and dramatic way by using tempo changes called: a. rubato. d. cavaquinho. b. kotekan. e. atumpan. c. coladeira. ANS: A DIF: Medium TOP: Boston | North America | Europe REF: 100–101 MSC: Conceptual 11. The coladeira is a: a. fast Indian film song. b. fast Cape Verdean dance song. c. slow Portuguese ballad. d. moderate-tempo Irish American ballad. e. moderate-tempo Ewe funeral song. ANS: B DIF: Medium TOP: Boston | North America | Africa REF: 102–103 MSC: Factual 12. What are affinity communities? a. Funeral associations formed in Accra by the Ewe people b. c. d. e. Immigrant groups formed to protest ethnic discrimination Groups of people who come together to participate in particular forms of musicmaking Lineages of well-known singers in the Portuguese fado tradition Devotees of the deity Ganesh in India and the Indian diaspora ANS: C MSC: Factual DIF: Easy REF: 102 TOP: Boston | North America 13. The cavaquinho is a (n): a. Irish frame drum. b. twelve-stringed Portuguese guitar. c. set of Peruvian bamboo panpipes. d. Indian plucked lute that plays repeated pitches, or drones. e. high-pitched Cape Verdean chordophone that is strummed and plucked. ANS: E DIF: Hard TOP: Boston | North America | Africa REF: 103 MSC: Factual 14. The dominant sound of the Balinese gamelan is created by: a. flutes. d. plucked string instruments. b. cylindrical drums. e. bronze gongs and xylophones. c. bowed string instruments. ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 106 TOP: Boston | North America | Southeast Asia MSC: Conceptual 15. The Balinese gamelan includes all of the following instruments EXCEPT: a. a bowed lute called a rebab. b. metal flutes called suling. c. bronze gongs that are struck with mallets. d. cylindrical membranophones called kendang. e. a gangsa family of keyed metal idiophones. ANS: B DIF: Hard REF: 106 TOP: Boston | North America | Southeast Asia MSC: Applied 16. Which of the following statements about the gamelan is true? a. It was first developed in Bali. b. It was used exclusively in religious ceremonies in Bali. c. It spread to North America, Latin America, and Africa. d. It had a harmful effect on the Balinese tourist industry. e. It was restricted to Indonesia by the Indonesian government. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 105–108 TOP: Boston | North America | Southeast Asia MSC: Conceptual 17. The shimmering sound of Balinese gamelan music is created by tuning two similar instruments at slightly different frequencies to produce: a. overtones. d. beating tones. b. harmonics. e. whistle tones. c. colotomics. ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 109 TOP: Boston | North America | Southeast Asia MSC: Conceptual 18. The interlocking musical parts played in the Balinese gamelan are called: a. gangsa. b. angsel. c. kotekan. d. coladeira. e. cavaquinho. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 109–111 TOP: Boston | North America | Southeast Asia MSC: Factual 19. Music of the Balinese gamelan gong kebyar is distinguished by its use of sudden breaks or interruptions called: a. gangsa. d. coladeira. b. angsel. e. cavaquinho. c. kotekan. ANS: B DIF: Hard REF: 109 | 111 TOP: Boston | North America | Southeast Asia MSC: Factual 20. The two interlocking parts of the kotekan in Balinese gamelan music are called: a. polos and sangsih. d. “male” and “female” kendang. b. gangsa and angsel. e. trompong and reyong. c. suling and rebab. ANS: A DIF: Hard REF: 111–112 TOP: Boston | North America | Southeast Asia MSC: Factual 21. Which of the following statements about folk music revivals is true? a. They typically occur in rural areas. b. One occurred in the United States in the 1950s. c. They are usually distanced from political causes. d. They are usually limited to the performance of old songs. e. They often maintain a separation between performer and audience. ANS: B MSC: Conceptual DIF: Medium REF: 111–113 TOP: Boston | North America 22. An early music ensemble would probably include which of the following instruments? a. The bodhrán d. Viols b. The sikus e. Suling c. Gangsa ANS: D MSC: Applied DIF: Easy REF: 118 TOP: Boston | North America TRUE/FALSE 1. People typically follow the same musical pathways throughout their lives. ANS: F MSC: Factual DIF: Easy REF: 70 TOP: Setting 2. Accra’s history can be heard in highlife, a musical style that combines elements of sea chanteys, European military music, and church music. ANS: T MSC: Factual DIF: Medium REF: 71 TOP: Accra | Africa 3. The atumpan are talking drums that were once used in Ghana to communicate and to tell historical narratives. ANS: T MSC: Conceptual DIF: Easy REF: 75–76 TOP: Accra | Africa 4. The sitar is a plucked lute that is traditionally used in a minor accompanying role in Indian music. ANS: F MSC: Applied DIF: Medium REF: 82 TOP: Mumbai | South Asia 5. In the earliest years of the Indian film industry, filmi git were lip-synched by actors and actresses. ANS: F MSC: Factual DIF: Hard REF: 83 TOP: Mumbai | South Asia 6. Tempo changes called rubato are used to sing fado in an expressive and dramatic way. ANS: T DIF: Easy TOP: Boston | North America | Europe REF: 100–101 MSC: Conceptual 7. The most important type of gamelan in twentieth-century Bali was the gamelan gong kebyar. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: 106 TOP: Boston | North America | Southeast Asia MSC: Factual 8. Like the Australian didjeridu and the Armenian duduk, the flutes of the Balinese gamelan are played using the circular breathing technique. ANS: T DIF: Hard REF: 106 | 37 | 41 TOP: Boston | North America | Southeast Asia | Oceania/Pacific | Central Asia MSC: Applied 9. The rhythmic cycles of Balinese gamelan music are marked by a conch shell that is blown at the end of one cycle and the beginning of the next. ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: 108 TOP: Boston | North America | Southeast Asia MSC: Applied 10. A pair of similar gamelan instruments will be tuned exactly alike to produce the shimmering sound known as beating tones. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: 109 TOP: Boston | North America | Southeast Asia MSC: Conceptual 11. Music scholars have long used the term “folk music” to refer to music that is transmitted through written traditions by professional musicians. ANS: F MSC: Factual DIF: Easy REF: 109 TOP: Boston | North America 12. The kotekan technique of dividing a gamelan melody into two interlocking parts played by two people makes it possible to play the music at a slower speed. ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: 112 TOP: Boston | North America | Southeast Asia MSC: Conceptual 13. The tremolo technique is used on a bowed string instrument by shaking the bow back and forth. ANS: T MSC: Conceptual DIF: Medium REF: 114 TOP: Boston | North America 14. The early music scene in Boston is an example of historically informed performance practice. ANS: T MSC: Applied DIF: Medium REF: 116 TOP: Boston | North America 15. An early music ensemble would use viols to reconstruct the sound of music from an earlier era. ANS: T MSC: Conceptual DIF: Easy REF: 118 TOP: Boston | North America SHORT ANSWER 1. The term ________ encompasses the multiple contexts in which music is conceived, created, transmitted, performed, and remembered. ANS: Setting DIF: Easy REF: 69 TOP: Setting MSC: Factual 2. The ________ dance and accompanying songs are typically performed at Ewe social gatherings and funerals. ANS: Agbadza DIF: Medium MSC: Factual REF: 73 TOP: Accra | Africa 3. In the Indian film industry, Lata Mangeshkar and her sisters were among the most famous ________ ________ who sang the songs that on-screen actors lip-synched. ANS: Playback singers DIF: Easy MSC: Factual REF: 84 TOP: Mumbai | South Asia 4. Music in three-part, or ________, form consists of three sections (A B A). ANS: Ternary DIF: Medium MSC: Factual REF: 94 TOP: Boston | North America 5. The central pitch of a melody like The Ballad of Buddy McClean is called the ________. ANS: Tonic DIF: Hard MSC: Applied REF: 97 TOP: Boston | North America | Europe 6. Amália Rodrigues was a famous fado singer, or ________, known for her ability to convey longing or yearning through her singing. ANS: Fadista DIF: Medium MSC: Applied REF: 100 TOP: Boston | North America | Europe 7. In Bali, ________ music was traditionally used in religious and secular ceremonies, as well as in musical theater. ANS: Gamelan DIF: Easy MSC: Conceptual REF: 105 TOP: Boston | North America | Southeast Asia 8. The gongs in the Balinese gamelan serve melodic functions and time-keeping, or ________, functions. ANS: Colotomic DIF: Hard MSC: Applied REF: 106 TOP: Boston | North America | Southeast Asia 9. A ________ ________ is a flatted-third scale step often used in the blues. ANS: Blue note DIF: Easy MSC: Factual REF: 114 TOP: Boston | North America 10. Boston has a lively soundscape of ________ ________, in which musicians perform music from the past on reconstructed instruments to revive the sounds of earlier eras. ANS: Early music DIF: Medium MSC: Factual REF: 116 TOP: Boston | North America 11. English ballads like Barbara Allen were transmitted orally and through printed texts called ________. ANS: Broadsides DIF: Medium MSC: Applied REF: 116 TOP: Boston | North America | Europe MATCHING Match each item to the correct description below. a. agbadza b. bhajan c. shankh d. tanpura e. bodhrán 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A Hindu devotional song A conch shell that is blown in Hindu worship services A dance and song performed at Ewe funerals and social gatherings An Irish frame drum An Indian plucked lute that plays a constant drone 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ANS: B ANS: C ANS: A ANS: E ANS: D Match each item to the correct description below. a. ghazal b. buskers c. atumpan d. swaramandal e. sikus 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Peruvian panpipes made from bamboo A plucked zither that is played in Hindu worship services A secular, strophic Urdu-language song that was adapted for use in Indian films Large, goblet-shaped drums associated with the Akan people of Ghana Street musicians who perform when shops and restaurants are open 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ANS: E ANS: D ANS: A ANS: C ANS: B ESSAY 1. Explain how the film song Mum-Bhai demonstrates the synthesis of local and cosmopolitan elements that is common in music in the city of Mumbai. ANS: Answers will vary. 2. Explain how different indoor and outdoor performance spaces in Boston provide venues for a wide range of musical styles that are of interest to members of the city’s diverse communities. ANS: Answers will vary. 3. Explain how two different ballad traditions discussed in Chapter 2 reflect the different settings in which they were created. ANS: Answers will vary.