Solution Manual for Starting Out with C++: Early Objects, 10th Edition

Starting Out With C++: Early Objects, Tenth Edition Solutions to End-of-Chapter Review Questions Chapter 1 1. programmed 2. CPU programmer-defined symbols 3. arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit 4. disk drive Punctuation 5. operating systems and application software 6. instructions 7. programming (or declared) 8. Machine language processing, output 9. High-level 10. Low-level Output 11. portability hierarchy chart 12. key 13. 14. Operators 15. 16. syntax 17. variable 18. defined 19. input, 20. Input 21. 22. 23. Main memory, or RAM, is volatile, which means its contents are erased when power is removed from the computer. Secondary memory, such as a disk, CD, or flash drive, does not lose its contents when power is removed from the computer. 24. A syntax error is the misuse of a key word, operator, punctuation, or other part of the programming language. A logical error is a mistake that tells the computer to carry out a task incorrectly or to carry out tasks in the wrong order. It causes the program to produce the wrong results. 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. Hierarchy Chart: Calculate Customer’s Available Credit Calculate and display Available Credit (Max Credit – Credit Used) Get Inputs Read Max Credit Read Credit Used 29. Account Balance High Level Pseudocode Have user input starting balance Have user input total deposits Have user input total withdrawals Calculate current balance Display current balance Account Balance Detailed Pseudocode Input startBalance // with prompt Input totalDeposits // with prompt Input totalWithdrawals // with prompt currentBalance = startBalance + totalDeposits – totalWithdrawals Display currentBalance 30. Sales Tax High Level Pseudocode Have user input retail price Have user input sales tax rate Calculate tax amount Calculate sales total Display tax amount and sales total Sales Tax Detailed Pseudocode Input retailPrice // with prompt Input salesTaxRate // with prompt taxAmount = retailPrice * salesTaxRate salesTotal = retailPrice + taxAmount Display taxAmount, salesTotal 31. 45 32. 9 33. 7 34. 28 35. 365 36. Line 3 adds num1 + num1. It should add num1 + num2. Line 4 displays avg, but it should display average. The name of the displayed variable must match the name of the variable holding the answer. 37. The error is that the program performs its math operation before the user has entered values for the variables width and length. 38. Some of the questions that should be asked are: What standard ceiling height should be used, or is this figure to be input? How many square feet should be subtracted out for windows and doors, or do you also want this information input since it could vary by room? Are the ceilings also to be painted, or just the walls? How many square feet will 1 gallon of paint cover? How many coats of paint will you use, or should this information be input? Chapter 2 1. semicolon 2. iostream 3. main 4. # 5. braces {} 6. literals (also sometimes called constants) 7. 9.7865E14 8. 1, 2 9. A) valid B) invalid C) valid D) valid 10. A) valid B) valid C) invalid D) invalid 11. All are valid. 12. A) invalid B) invalid C) invalid D) valid 13. A) valid B) invalid C) valid D) valid, but it prints the contents of variable Hello, not the string “Hello”. 14. A) valid B) invalid C) valid 15. A) 11 B) 14 C) 3 D) 3.5 16. A) 9.5 B) 14.0 C) 1.0 D) 1.75 17. double temp, // This can also be done on a single line. weight, height; 18. int months = 2, days, years = 3; 19. A) d2 = d1 + 2; B) d1 = d2 * 4; C) c = ‘K’; D) i = ‘K’; E) i = i – 1; 20. A) d1 = d2 – 8.5; B) d2 = d1 / 3.14; C) c = ‘F’; D) i = i + 1; E) d2 = d2 + d1; 21. cout << "Two mandolins like creatures in thennn"; cout << "darknnn"; cout << "Creating the agony of ecstasy.nnn"; cout << " – George Barkernnn"; 22. cout << "Ln" << "En" << "An" << "Fn"; 23. Input weeks days = weeks * 7 Display days // This can also be written as a single string literal: // cout << "LnEnAnFn"; // with prompt 24. Input eggs cartons = eggs / 12 Display cartons 25. Input speed Input time distance = speed * time Display distance // with prompt // perform integer divide // with prompt // with prompt 26. Input miles // with prompt Input gallons // with prompt milesPerGallon = miles / gallons Display milesPerGallon 27. A) 0 100 B) 8 2 C) I am the incrediblecomputing machine and I will amaze you. 28. A) Be careful! This might/n be a trick question. B) 23 1 29. On line 1 the comments symbols are backwards. They should be /* */. On line 2 iostream should be enclosed in angle brackets. On line 5 there shouldn't be a semicolon after int main(). On lines 6 and 13 the opening and closing braces of function main are reversed. On line 7 there should be a semicolon after int a, b, c. In addition, the comment symbol is incorrect. It should be //. On lines 8-10 each assignment statement should end with a semicolon. On line 11 cout begins with a capital letter. In addition, the stream insertion operators should read <> and the variable that is ouput should be c instead of capital C. 30. Whatever problem a pair of students decides to work with they must determine such things as which values will be input vs. which will be set internally in the program, how much precision is required on calculations, what output will be produced by the program, and how it should be displayed. Students must also determine how to handle situations that are not clear cut. In the paint problem many of these considerations are listed in the teacher answer key (Chapter 1, Question 34). In the recipe program students must determine such things as how to handle quantities, like one egg, that cannot be halved. In the driving program, knowing distance and speed are not enough. Agreement should be reached on how to handle delays due to traffic lights and traffic congestion. Should this be an input value, computed as a percent of overall driving time, or handled some other way?