Pilbeam's Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological And Clinical Applications, 6th Edition Test Bank
Preview Extract
Chapter 02: How Ventilators Work
Cairo: Pilbeamโs Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological and Clinical Applications, 6th
Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The respiratory therapist enters modes and parameters into the ventilator with which of the
following?
a. Control logic
b. Input power
c. User interface
d. Drive mechanism
ANS: C
The user interface or control panel contains certain knobs, dials, or keypads where the
ventilator operator sets or enters certain information to establish how the pressure and pattern
of gas flow are delivered by the machine. Inside the ventilator is the control logic or control
system that interprets the operator settings and produces and regulates the desired output. The
input power is the ventilatorโs power source that provides the energy to enable the ventilator
to perform the work of ventilating the patient. The drive mechanism is a mechanical device
that produces gas flow to the patient.
REF: pg. 19
2. A patient being transferred from a hospital to a skilled nursing facility requires mechanical
ventilation with a fractional inspired oxygen (FIO2) of 0.21. The skilled nursing facility has no
piped in gases. Which of the following ventilators will be able to function in the skilled
nursing facility without any extra equipment?
a. Servoi
b. LTV 1000
c. Bird Mark 7
d. Bio-Med MVP-10
ANS: B
The type of ventilator that will be appropriate for this situation is one that is electrically
controlled and powered with a built-in air compressor. The LTV 1000 fits this description.
The Servoi requires both a high-pressure gas source and electrical power. The Bird Mark 7 is a
pneumatic ventilator and will not be able to function in this situation. The Bio-Med MVP-10
is also a pneumatic ventilator that wonโt function in this situation.
REF: pg. 17
3. The internal circuit of a ventilator allows the gas to go directly from its power source into the
patient. This is known as which of the following?
a. Single-circuit
b. Open loop
c. Closed loop
d. Double-circuit
ANS: A
There are two types of internal circuits, the single- and the double-circuit. The single-circuit
allows the gas to flow from its power input source to the patient. The double-circuit utilizes a
primary power source to generate a gas flow that compresses a mechanism such as a bellows.
The gas within the bellows will then flow to the patient. Open loop and closed loop refer to
the absence or presence, respectively, of a feedback loop system.
REF: pg. 20 | pg. 21
4. A ventilator for which the primary power source generates a gas flow that compresses another
mechanism and causes the gas from inside the mechanism to be delivered to the patient is
known as which of the following?
a. Single-circuit
b. Double-circuit
c. Closed loop
d. Open loop
ANS: B
In a double-circuit ventilator, the primary power source generates a gas flow that compresses
a mechanism such as a bellows or โbag-in-a-chamber.โ The gas in the bellows or bag then
flows to the patient. In a single-circuit ventilator, the primary power source travels directly to
the patient. The closed and open loop refer to whether or not the ventilator has a feedback
loop system.
REF: pg. 20 | pg. 21
5. The function of the exhalation valve is to do which of the following?
a. Adjust the flow going to the patient.
b. Close during exhalation to vent patient gas.
c. Seal the external circuit during inspiration.
d. Determine the volume being delivered.
ANS: C
During inspiration, gas fills the balloon and closes a hole in the expiratory valve. Closing of
the hole makes the patient circuit a sealed system. During expiration, the balloon deflates, the
hole opens, and gas from the patient is exhaled into the room through the hole.
REF: pg. 22
6. In the image, what does โBโ represent?
a. Expiratory valve line
b. Exhalation valve
c. Expiratory line
d. Main inspiratory line
ANS: C
The external exhalation valve is represented by the letter โCโ in the figure. โBโ is pointing to
the expiratory line. The main inspiratory line is represented by the letter โA.โ The expiratory
valve line is represented by โD.โ
REF: pg. 23 (Fig. 2-8, A)
7. The type of compressor that is used by hospitals to supply wall compressed air has which of
the following?
a. Piston
b. Bellows
c. Rotating blades
d. Moving diaphragm
ANS: A
Hospitals use large, piston-type, water-cooled compressors to supply wall gas outlets.
REF: pg. 22
8. The power transmission and conversion system of a ventilator is defined as which of the
following?
a. A mechanical device that produces gas flow to the patient.
b. An electrical motor that is connected by a special gearing mechanism.
c. The system that interprets the settings and produces or regulates the desired output.
d. Internal hardware that changes electrical or pneumatic energy into mechanical
energy.
ANS: D
The power transmission and conversion system changes the energy from the power source
into mechanical energy. The linear drive piston is a mechanical device that produces gas flow
to the patient. The drive mechanism is an electrical motor that is connected by a special
gearing mechanism. It is the control system that interprets the operator settings and produces
or regulates the desired output.
REF: pg. 26
9. The volume displacement device that creates a sinusoidal flow waveform is which of the
following?
a. Rotary drive piston
b. Linear drive piston
c. Spring-loaded bellows
d. Proportional solenoid
ANS: A
The rotary drive piston creates a flow pattern that is slow at the beginning of inspiration,
achieves highest speed at mid-inspiration, and tapers off at end-inspiration, creating a
sinusoidal waveform (sine waveform).
REF: pg. 24
10. Modern intensive care unitsโ (ICU) ventilators regulate gas flow to the patient by using which
of the following?
a. Rotary drive pistons
b. Linear drive pistons
c. Proportional solenoids
d. Spring-loaded bellows
ANS: C
Proportional solenoid valves control flow by opening and closing either completely or in
small increments. These valves, which are driven by various motor-based mechanisms, have a
rapid response time and great flexibility in flow control. The other answers are all
volume-displacement devices.
REF: pg. 25
11. A series of tubes that allow gas to flow inside the ventilator and between the ventilator and the
patient is referred to as the:
a. pneumatic circuit.
b. control circuit.
c. control scheme.
d. patient circuit.
ANS: A
A pneumatic circuit, or pathway, is a series of tubes that allow gas to flow inside the ventilator
and between the ventilator and the patient.
REF: pg. 20
12. In a spring-loaded bellows volume-delivery device, the amount of pressure is determined by
the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
location of the bellows.
volume setting on the ventilator.
tightness of the spring.
electrical power provided to the spring.
ANS: C
In a spring-loaded bellows model, an adjustable spring atop a bellows applies a force per unit
area, or pressure (P = Force/area). Tightening of the spring creates greater force and therefore
greater pressure. The bellows contains pre-blended gas (air and oxygen), which is
administered to the patient.
REF: pg. 24 (Box 2-5)
13. Which of the following is an example of a flow control valve?
a. Linear piston
b. Spring-loaded bellows
c. Solenoid
d. Rotary drive piston
ANS: C
Flow-control valves include proportional solenoid valves and digital valves with on/off
configurations.
REF: pg. 25
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