Managerial Economics: Applications, Strategies and Tactics, 14th Edition Test Bank

Multiple Choice 1. A change in the level of an economic activity is desirable and should be undertaken as long as the marginal benefits exceed the ____. a. marginal returns b. total costs c. marginal costs d. average costs e. average benefits ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Analytic TOPICS: Marginal Analysis KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM 2. The level of an economic activity should be increased to the point where the ____ is zero. a. marginal cost b. average cost c. net marginal cost d. net marginal benefit e. none of the above ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Analytic TOPICS: Marginal Analysis KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 3. The net present value of an investment represents a. an index of the desirability of the investment b. the expected contribution of that investment to the goal of shareholder wealth maximization c. the rate of return expected from the investment d. a and b only e. a and c only ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Analytic TOPICS: The Net Present Value Concept KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 6/21/2016 9:08 AM 4. Generally, investors expect that projects with high expected net present values also will be projects with a. low risk b. high risk c. certain cash flows d. short lives e. none of the above ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Analytic TOPICS: The Net Present Value Concept KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2 5. An closest example of a risk-free security is a. General Motors bonds b. AT&T commercial paper c. U.S. Government Treasury bills d. San Francisco municipal bonds e. an I.O.U. that your cousin promises to pay you $100 in 3 months ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Analytic TOPICS: Meaning and Measurement of Risk KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM 6. The standard deviation is appropriate to compare the risk between two investments only if a. the expected returns from the investments are approximately equal b. the investments have similar life spans c. objective estimates of each possible outcome is available d. the coefficient of variation is equal to 1.0 e. none of the above ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Mdoerate QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Reflective Thinking – BPROG: Analysis TOPICS: Meaning and Measurement of Risk KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3 7. The approximate probability of a value occurring that is greater than one standard deviation from the mean is approximately (assuming a normal distribution) a. 68.26% b. 2.28% c. 34% d. 15.87% e. none of the above ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Challenging QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Analytic TOPICS: Meaning and Measurement of Risk KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM 8. Based on risk-return tradeoffs observable in the financial marketplace, which of the following securities would you expect to offer higher expected returns than corporate bonds? a. U.S. Government bonds b. municipal bonds c. common stock d. commercial paper e. none of the above ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Analytic TOPICS: Risk and Required Return KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4 9. The primary difference(s) between the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation as measures of risk are: a. the coefficient of variation is easier to compute b. the standard deviation is a measure of relative risk whereas the coefficient of variation is a measure of absolute risk c. the coefficient of variation is a measure of relative risk whereas the standard deviation is a measure of absolute risk d. the standard deviation is rarely used in practice whereas the coefficient of variation is widely used e. c and d ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Reflective Thinking – BPROG: Analysis TOPICS: Meaning and Measurement of Risk KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 7/23/2016 3:00 PM 10. The ____ is the ratio of ____ to the ____. a. standard deviation; covariance; expected value b. coefficient of variation; expected value; standard deviation c. correlation coefficient; standard deviation; expected value d. coefficient of variation; standard deviation; expected value e. none of the above ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Reflective Thinking – BPROG: Analysis TOPICS: Meaning and Measurement of Risk KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5 11. Sources of positive net present value projects include a. buyer preferences for established brand names b. economies of large-scale production and distribution c. patent control of superior product designs or production techniques d. a and b only e. a, b, and c ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Reflective Thinking – BPROG: Analysis TOPICS: The Net Present Value Concept KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 7/23/2016 3:01 PM 12. Receiving $100 at the end of the next three years is worth more to me than receiving $260 right now, when my required interest rate is 10%. a. True b. False ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Analytic TOPICS: Risk and Required Return KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 7/23/2016 3:39 PM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6 13. The number of standard deviations z that a particular value of r is from the mean ? can be computed as z = (r – ?)/ σ. Suppose that you work as a commission-only insurance agent earning $1,000 per week on average. Suppose that your standard deviation of weekly earnings is $500. What is the probability that you earn zero in a week? Use the following brief z-table to help with this problem. Z value Probability -3 .0013 -2 .0228 -1 .1587 0 .5000 a. 1.3% chance of earning nothing in a week b. 2.28% chance of earning nothing in a week c. 15.87% chance of earning nothing in a week d. 50% chance of earning nothing in a week e. none of the above ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Challenging QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Reflective Thinking – BPROG: Analysis TOPICS: Risk and Required Return KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Analysis DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 7/23/2016 1:31 PM 14. Consider an investment with the following payoffs and probabilities: State of the Economy Probability Return Stability .50 1,000 Good Growth .50 2,000 Determine the expected return for this investment. a. 1,300 b. 1,500 c. 1,700 d. 2,000 e. 3,000 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Reflective Thinking – BPROG: Analysis TOPICS: Marginal Analysis KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Analysis DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 7/23/2016 3:04 PM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7 15. Consider an investment with the following payoffs and probabilities: State of the Economy Probability Return GDP grows slowly .70 1,000 GDP grow fast .30 2,000 Let the expected value in this example be 1,300. How do we find the standard deviation of the investment? a. σ = √ { (1000-1300)2 + (2000-1300)2 } b. σ = √ { (1000-1300) + (2000-1300) } c. σ = √ { (.5)(1000-1300)2 + (.5)(2000-1300)2 } d. σ = √ { (.7)(1000-1300) + (.3)(2000-1300) } e. σ = √ { (.7)(1000-1300)2 + (.3)(2000-1300)2 } ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Reflective Thinking – BPROG: Analysis TOPICS: Risk and Required Return KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Analysis DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8 16. An investment advisor plans a portfolio your 85 year old risk-averse grandmother. Her portfolio currently consists of 60% bonds and 40% blue chip stocks. This portfolio is estimated to have an expected return of 6% and with a standard deviation 12%. What is the probability that she makes less than 0% in a year? [A portion of Appendix B1 is given below, where z = (x – μ)/σ , with μ as the mean and σ as the standard deviation.] a. 2.28% b. 6.68% c. 15.87% d. 30.85% e. 50% Table B1 for Z Z Prob. -3 .0013 -2.5 .0062 -2. .0228 -1.5 .0668 -1 .1587 -.5 ..3085 0 .5000 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Challenging QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPRPOG: Analysis TOPICS: Risk and Required Return KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Analysis DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 7/23/2016 3:05 PM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9 17. Two investments have the following expected returns (net present values) and standard deviations: PROJECT Expected Value Standard Deviation Q $100,000 $20,000 X $50,000 $16,000 Based on the Coefficient of Variation, where the C.V. is the standard deviation dividend by the expected value. a. All coefficients of variation are always the same. b. Project Q is riskier than Project X c. Project X is riskier than Project Q d. Both projects have the same relative risk profile e. There is not enough information to find the coefficient of variation. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Challenging QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Reflective Thinking – BPROG: Analysis TOPICS: Marginal Analysis KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM 18. Regarding demand and supply, which of the following statements is NOT correct? a. Demand and supply simultaneously determine equilibrium market price b. Demand expresses intentions, but supply does not c. Demand is a potential concept distinguished from the transactional even of “units sold” d. Supply is more like scenario planning for operations than for actual production e. all of the above statements are correct ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Reflective Thinking – BPROG: Analysis TOPICS: Demand and Supply: A Review KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 7/22/2016 1:35 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/23/2016 1:49 PM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10 19. The marginal decision rule will be replaced with the net present value rule when: a. costs and benefits occur at approximately the same time b. costs are incurred immediately c. benefits are incurred immediately d. the marginal decision rule is never replaced ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPROG: Analytic TOPICS: The Net Present Value Concept KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Comprehension DATE CREATED: 7/22/2016 1:35 PM DATE MODIFIED: 7/23/2016 2:12 PM Essay Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11 20. Suppose that the firm’s cost function is given in the following schedule (where Q is the level of output): Output Q (units) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Cost 7 25 37 45 50 53 58 66 78 96 124 Determine the (a) marginal cost and (b) average total cost schedules ANSWER: Output Total Cost Q 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7 25 37 45 50 53 58 66 78 96 124 (a) Marginal Cost Δ(TC) ΔQ (b) Average Total Cost TC Q -18 12 8 5 3 5 8 12 18 28 -25.00 18.50 15.00 12.50 10.60 9.67 9.43 9.75 10.67 12.40 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Challenging QUESTION TYPE: Essay HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPRPOG: Analysis TOPICS: Marginal Analysis KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Analysis DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 12 21. Complete the following table. Output 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ANSWER: Total Profit Marginal Profit Average Profit −48 −26 −8 6 16 22 24 22 16 6 −8 0 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ Output Total Profit Marginal Profit Average Profit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 −48 −26 −8 6 16 22 24 22 16 6 −8 0 22 18 14 10 6 2 −2 −6 −10 −14 –−26. −4. 2. 4. 4.40 4. 3.14 2. 0.67 −0.80 POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Challenging QUESTION TYPE: Essay HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPRPOG: Analysis TOPICS: Marginal Analysis KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Analysis DATE CREATED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 6/21/2016 8:42 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 13 22. A firm has decided to invest in a piece of land. Management has estimated that the land can be sold in 5 years for the following possible prices: Price Probability 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 .20 .30 .40 .10 (a) Determine the expected selling price for the land. (b) Determine the standard deviation of the possible sales prices. (c) Determine the coefficient of variation. ANSWER: (a) (b) (c) POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Challenging QUESTION TYPE: Essay HAS VARIABLES: False NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BPRPOG: Analysis TOPICS: KEYWORDS: DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED: Risk and Required Return BLOOM’S: Analysis 6/21/2016 8:42 AM 6/21/2016 8:42 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 14