Introduction To Pharmacology, 12th Edition Test Bank

Asperheim: Introduction to Pharmacology, 12th Edition Chapter 2: Introduction to Pharmacology Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The joint action of agents in which their combined effect is more intense or longer in duration than the sum of their individual effects is: a. Contraindication b. Antagonism c. Symbiosis d. Synergism ANS: D A B C D Feedback Contraindication is a special condition that makes the use of a remedy inadvisable because of risk. Antagonism is the condition of mutual opposite actions between two medications. Symbiosis is the biologic association of two or more species to their mutual benefit. Synergism is an important drug interaction to consider when administering medications to avoid unintended outcomes such as overdose. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Page 17 2. A pharmaceutical preparation that is made up of either layers in tablet form or pellets in a gel capsule is called a: a. Fluid extract b. Compounded tincture c. Gelatin capsule d. Sustained-release form ANS: D A B C D Feedback A fluid extract is an alcoholic liquid containing 1 g of drug in 1 mL of solution. A tincture is an alcoholic preparation of medication. A gelatin capsule may be used to contain powder or liquid, producing a capsule form of medication. A long-acting or sustained-release form is intended to disintegrate over a period of time. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Page 18 3. Which substances in food can, under some conditions, serve as medicinal substances? a. Fats and carbohydrates b. Vitamins and minerals c. Enzymes and cholesterol d. Proteins and preservatives ANS: B A B C D Feedback Fats and carbohydrates are not medicinal substances. Vitamins and minerals can serve as both food and medication. Cholesterol is not a medicinal substance. Proteins and preservatives are not medicinal substances. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Page 17 4. Which of the following preparations should be used with caution in diabetic patients? a. Tincture b. Syrup c. Emulsion d. Suppository ANS: B A B C D Feedback Tinctures can generally be used safely with diabetic patients. Syrups are made with sugar, which could provoke hyperglycemia in a diabetic patient. Emulsions can generally be used safely with diabetic patients. Suppositories can generally be used safely with diabetic patients. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: Page 18 5. Which is an example of an idiosyncratic reaction? a. Sedation after taking a sleeping pill b. Increased clotting time after taking heparin c. Excitement and agitation after taking a sedative d. Nausea after taking an antibiotic agent ANS: C A B C D Feedback Sedation is the expected result of taking a sleeping pill. Increased clotting time is the expected result of taking an anticoagulant agent. Although sedative agents are prescribed for a calming effect, sometimes the result is the opposite, or idiosyncratic, reaction. Nausea is a common side effect of taking some antibiotic agents. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: Page 17 6. Liniment is a pharmaceutical preparation intended for: a. Ophthalmic instillation b. Oral administration c. Topical application with rubbing d. Sublingual route ANS: C A B C D Feedback Liniment is not intended for use in the eyes. Liniment is not intended for oral administration. Liniment is a mixture of drugs with oil, soap, water, or alcohol intended for external application with rubbing. Liniment is not intended for oral (sublingual) administration. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Page 18 7. Administering magnesium with calcium supplements to increase the absorption of the mineral is an example of: a. Idiosyncrasy b. Antagonism c. Prophylaxis d. Potentiation ANS: D A B C D Feedback Idiosyncrasy is an abnormal sensitivity to a drug or a reaction not intended. Antagonism is the combined effect of two drugs that is less than the effect of either drug taken alone. A prophylactic drug is an agent used to prevent disease. Potentiation occurs when a drug increases or prolongs the action of another drug, the total effect being greater than the sum of the effects of each used alone. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Page 17 MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which of the following are sources of drugs? Select all that apply. a. Live tissue such as stem cells b. Synthetic substances such as artificial folate c. Plant parts such as leaves and roots d. Animal hormones e. Food substances such as fruits and vegetables ANS: B, C, D, E Feedback Drugs may be obtained or manufactured from organic or synthetic sources such as chemicals, plants, animal products, and food substances for the purpose of therapeutics. Incorrect Live tissue is considered transplant material, not medication. Correct DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Page 17 MATCHING Match the preparations with the following descriptions: a. Powders within a gelatin container b. Powders compressed in a mold c. Aqueous solution of a sugar d. Solution containing alcohol, sugar, and water e. Suspensions of fat globules in water 1. Elixir 2. Emulsion 3. Capsule 4. Tablet 5. Syrup 1. ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Page 17 2. ANS: E DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Page 17 3. ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Page 17 4. ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Page 18 5. ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Page 18